T 1 T 



T 1 T 



cumbcnt would thus, it is fuppofed, without waitiiiij too 

 long, have an opportunity of improving his property, if he 

 thought it capable of being fo ; and the tenant, having a fair 

 profpeft of occupying tlic land under any change, would 

 feel himfelf equally fafe in making improvements, as if lie 

 rented of a layman. All dilapidations and repairs on the 

 farm, however, (hould fall on the tenant ; who ought not 

 only to be bound in proper covenants, but be obliged to 

 give due fecurity for their performance, as well as the pay- 

 ment of the rent. 



Or, to land belonging to the clergy, the corn, meat, and 

 malt rents might, it is faid, be applied as well as to tithes 

 with leafes for twenty-one years certain, which would pro- 

 bably be the mod eligible mode, as it would give uniformity 

 to the plan of clerical provi lion, and would always afford an 

 income according to the times. 



Upon the whole confideration of the fubjeft, there cannot 

 be any doubt but that great advantage and improvement 

 would arifc to agriculture, from fome meafure of this nature 

 being had recourfe to and carried into execution ; and 

 though the farmer might not perhaps, on the whole, ex- 

 perience any great diminution in the quantity of moaey 

 which he would have to pay, he would be wholly freed 

 from the anxiety, trouble, and vexation, which conftantly 

 attend the taking of tithes in kind, and at the fame time, 

 which is much more important and material, be left at full 

 liberty to exert his utmoil endeavours to promote all kinds 

 of improvements, which the nature of his farm may witli 

 propriety admit. And in this way, and by fuch means, 

 the art of agriculture would be carried forward to fuch a 

 ftate of improvement and perfedion as cannot be eafily 

 conceived. Befidcs, fuch a meafure might have a confider- 

 able effect in promoting the inclofure and cultivation of 

 much land ftill in the difgraceful fituation of wafte, all 

 which are defirable objcdls on various accounts in the pre- 

 fent ftate of the country. 



TiTiiE-i?rt/<°. See R-ATE-TiV/jf. 



'Ynu-E'^, SubtraBioji of. See Subtraction. 



TITHING, Decenna, or Deciiry, a number or com- 

 pany of ten men, with their families, knit together in a kind 

 of fociety, and all bound to the king, for the peaceable 

 behaviour of each other. 



Anciently no man was fuffered to abide in England above 

 forty days, unlefs he were enrolled in fome tithing. — One 

 of the principal inhabitants of the tithing is annually ap- 

 pointed to prciide over the reft, being called the tithiiig-man, 

 the head-borough, and in feme countries the borlholder, or 

 borough's elder, being fuppofed the difcrcctcft man in the 

 borough, town, or tithing. The diftribution of England 

 into tithings and hundreds is owing to king Alfred. See 

 Deciners, VR,\tiK-Pk(Jge, and Friburgh. 



TITHONIA, in Botany, was fo named by profeflbr 

 Desfontaines, in allufion to the glowing light -orange tint of 

 its flowers, which the French call couleur aurore. The 

 fabled favourite of Aurora, Tithonus, is therefore here 

 meant to be commemorated. The allufion would have 

 been ftill more happy, had the flower been one of the ever- 



lafting kind Desfont. Ann. du Muf. v. i. 49. Willd. 



Sp. PI. V. 3. 2246. Juff. 189. Lamarck lUuftr. t. 708. 

 Poirct in Lam. Dift. v. 7. 690. — Clafs and order, Synge- 

 tufta Polygamta-frujlt-anea. Nat. Ord. Compofttit oppoJittfoUii, 

 Linn. Corymbifem, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Common Calyx cylindrical, of a double row 

 pf ovate-oblong, acute, flat, nearly equal, ereft fcales. Cor. 

 compound, radiated. Florets of the diflc numerous, all 

 perfect, level-topped, tubular ; limb five-toothed ; tube in- 

 fliited near the bafe. Thofe of the radius female but abor» 



live, about twelve ; limb elliptic-lanceolate, acute, entire, 

 horizontal, flat. Slam, in the diflc only. Filaments five, 

 capillary, fliorter than the tube ; anthers united into a 

 cylinder of the fame length. Pijl. in the dilk, Germen ob- 

 long, (lender ; ftyle thread-ftiaped, the length of the partial 

 corolla ; ftigmas two, recurved, obtufe ; in the radius, 

 germen very fmall ; llyle fcarccly any. Pcric. none, ex- 

 cept the unchanged calyx. Seeds in the florets of the diflc 

 only, foMtary, ovate, fmooth ; their crown of five fliort, 

 acute, ercft, membranous fcales. Recept. convex, chaffy, 

 its fcales concave, acute, rather taller than the feeds. 



Eff. Ch. Receptacle chaffy, convex. Seed-crown of 

 live chaffy fcales. Calyx cylindrical; its fcales equal, con- 

 verging, in two rows. Florets of the diflc inflated at the 

 bafe ; thofe of the radius elliptic-lanceolate. 



l.T.tagettflora. Marigold Tithonia. Desfont. as above, 



t. 4. Willd. n. I Native of Vera Cruz. i?oo/ annual. 



Stem ereft, alternately branched, leafy, a foot high. Leaves 

 alternate, on long ftalks, downy, crenate, reticulated with 

 veins, triple-ribbed ; the lower ones deeply thrce-lobed ; 

 upper undivided, ovate, or fomewhat heart-fliaped, acute. 

 Flowers on long fohtary ftalks, at the end of each branch, 

 orange-coloured, about the fize of a French mangold. 



TITHOREA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Greece, 

 in the Phocide, on mount Parnaffus, 80 ftadia from Delphi. 

 This place was famous for its facred grove dedicated to 

 Minerva, a temple with the ftatue of this goddefs, and the 

 tomb of Antiope and Phocus. The temple of Efculapius 

 Archagetes vi'as fituated 70 ftadia from Tithorea. The 

 inclofure which contained the chapel of Ifis was 40 ftadia 

 farther diftant than the temple of Efcuhpius. 



TITHRASUS, a town of Africa, in Libya, bordered 

 by a river of the fame name. 



TITHRONIUM, a town of Greece, in the Phocide, in 

 which was a grove facred to Apollo, with fome altars and a 

 temple, but without a ftatue. This town was fituated 15 

 ftadia from Amphicea and 20 from Drymea, near the river 

 Cephiffus. Paufanias. 



TITHYMALOIDES, in Botany, fo called from its 

 affinity to Tithymahis, the Euphorbia of modern botanifts, 

 differs from that indeed merely in having the calyx gibbous 



on one fide at the bafe Tourn. Inft. 654. — Two or tliree 



Weft Indian fpecies of Euphorbia come under this defcrip- 

 tion. 



TITHYMALUS, ti^vi^xXo; of Diofcorides, fuppofed to 

 be derived from tit5o,-, the Ireajl, in allufion to the milkinefs 

 of the plant. Tourn. t. 1 8. See Euphorbia. 



TITI, Santi di, in Biography, was born at Citta 

 S. Sepolero, in the Florentine ftate, in 1538. He firft ac- 

 quired a knowledge of painting under the tuition of A. Bron- 

 zino, and afterwards of Bandinelli, but ower, the greater part 

 of his fame to his ftudies at Rome, where he long refided, 

 and from whence, as Lanzi obferves, he carried back to his 

 native country a graceful and fcientilic ftyle of art, not fup- 

 ported by much ideal beauty, but chiefly charaAerized by 

 the truth and freflinefs of nature ; and in expreffton he had 

 few fuperiors in any fchool, none in his own. He adorned 

 his pidlures with pieces of architecture, which fcience he in 

 a meafure profeffed, and by its means gave groat rehef to hi» 

 figures, and increafed the dignity and beauty of his com- 

 pofitions. His principal works are, the Supper at Emmaus, 

 painted for the church of St. Croce, at Florence ; the Refur- 

 reftion of Lazarus, in the Duomo di Volterra; and the 

 Defcent of the Holy Spirit, painted for a convent at Citta 

 di Caftello. He died at Florence in 1603, aged 65, leaving 

 a fon, Tiberio Titi, born at Florence in 1578, who followed 

 the fame art with his father, but not with equal fuccefs. In 



5 B 2 general 



