T I T 



T 1 T 



of a bcncficp, or beiu-Aciary, u i-ithor s true or a colour- 

 able one. A Irui or valid title is that wiiicli gives a right to 

 the benefice : fuch is that received from a collator who has 

 a right to confer the benefice on a pcrfon capable of it, the 

 ufual folemnitics being obferved. See Collation, &c. 



CJoiiraHe title is a fceming one ; /. c. fuch an one as ap- 

 pears valid, and is not. Such would that be founded on tlic 

 collation of a bifliop, in cafe tlie beneiice in queftion were 

 not in his collation. 



By the canons, a colourable title, though falfe, produces 

 twr3 very confidcrable effcds. l. That, alter peaceable pof- 

 fcflion for three years, the incumbent may defend himfelf 

 hy the T\x\e de Irlennall pojfejtone, againft fuch as would dif- 

 pute the benefice with him. 2. That in cafe he be profe- 

 cuted within three years, and obliged to funender the bene- 

 fice, he (hall not be obliged to reftore the produce of it, 

 during the time he pofTcfled it. 



Title is alfo ufed, in fcveral ancient fynods and councilsj 

 for the church to which a prieft was ordained, and where he 

 vas coiiftantly to refidc. 



" Nullus in prclbyterum, nullus in diaconum, nifi ad cer- 

 ium titulum ordinetur." Concil. Londin. ann. 112J. 



There are many reafons why a church might be called 

 liiulu4, title : the moft probable Cowel takes to be this, that 

 in ancient days the name of the faint to whom the church 

 was dedicated was engraved on the porch, as a token that 

 the faint had a title to that church : whence the church itfelf 

 became afterwards to be called titulus. 



Titles, or Titular Churches, M. Fleury obferves, were 

 formerly the denomination of a particular kind of churches 

 at Rome. 



In the fixth and feventh centuries, there were four forts 

 of churches in that metropolis ; v'i%. patriarchal, titular, 

 diaconal, and Qratoriai. The tituli, titular, were, as it were, 

 parirties, each afligned to a cardinal-prieft, with a certain 

 diftrift or quarter depending on them, and a font for the 

 adminiftration of baptifm in cafe of neceffity. 



Title, Clerical or Sacerdotal, denotes a yearly revenue or 

 income of the value of fifty crowns, which the candidates 

 for priefthood were anciently obliged to have of their own, 

 that they might be affured of a fubfiltence. 



By the ancient difcipline there were no clerks made, but 

 in proportion as they were wanted for the fervice of the 

 church, which is ftill obferved with regard to bilhops ; none 

 being confecrated, but to fill fome vacant fee. 



But for priefts, and other clerks, they began to make 

 vague ordinations in the Eaft as early as in the fifth century : 

 this occafioned the council of Chalcedon to declare all vague 

 and abfolute ordinations null. 



Accordingly the difcipline was pretty well obferved till 

 towards the end of the eleventh century ; but then it bewan 

 to relax, and the number of priefts was exceedingly in- 

 creafed ; either becaufe the people became defirous of the 

 privileges of the clcricate, or becaufe the bifhops fought to 

 extend their jurifdiftion. 



One of the great inconveniences of thefe vague ordina- 

 tions was poverty, which frequently reduced the priefts to 

 fordid occupations, and even to a (haraeful begging. To 

 remedy this, the council of Lateran laid it on the bifhops 

 to provide for the fubfiftence of fuch as they fhould ordain 

 without title, till fuch time as they had got a place in the 

 church that would afford them a fettled maintenance, 



1 here was alfo another expedient found out to elude the 

 canon of the council of Chalcedon ; and it was appointed, 

 that a pnea might be ordained on the title of his patri- 

 pwny ; that i», ,t was not neceffary he had any certain place 



in the church, provided he had a patrimony fufEcient for a 

 creditable fubfiftence. 



The council of Trent retrieved the ancient difcipline in 

 this refpeft, forbidding all ordination, where the candidate 

 was not in peaceable pofrcffion of a benefice fufficient to 

 fubfift him ; and allowing nobody to be ordained on patri- 

 mony or penfion, unlefs where the biftiop declares it to be 

 expedient for the good of the church : fo that the benefice 

 is the rule, and the patrimony the exception. See Okd: - 



NATION. 



But this rule is not regarded, even in fome Catholic coun- 

 tries, particularly France, where the patrimonial title is the 

 moft frequent ; and the title is even fixed to a very moderate 

 fum. 



As to religious, the profeffion they make in a monaftei y 

 ferves them for a title, in regard no convent is obliged to 

 maintain them : and as to mendicants, they are maintained 

 upon the title of poverty. 



Thofe of the noufe and fociety of the Sorbonne are alfo 

 ordained without any patrimonial title, and on the fole titl^ 

 of poverty ; it being fuppofed a doftor of the Sorbonne 

 can never want a benefice. 



Title for Orders. See Deacon, Ordination, aad 

 Priest. 



TITLIS, in Geography, a mountain of Switzerland, in 

 the canton of Uri, the moft elevated in thofe parts, and 

 fcarcely inferior to the Schreekhorn and Jungfrauhorn : it 

 was for a long time confidered as inaceeflible. The fummit 

 of this mountain is called Nollen, and commands a very 

 pidlurefque fcene of mountains and valiies ; 1 1 miles S.S.W. 

 of Altorff. 



TITMEG, a lake of North America. N. lat. 63' ly'. 

 W. long. 99°. 



TITMOUSE, in Ornithology. See Parus. 

 TITOLO, in Geography, a town of Naples, in the pro- 

 vince of Bafilicata ; 6 miles S.W. of Potenza. 



TITONEUS, in Ancient Geography, a mountain fituated 

 on the confines of Thrace and Macedonia. 



TITOVO, in Geography, a town of Ruflia, in the go- 

 vernment of Kaluga ; 40 miles E.S.E. of Kaluga. 



TITSCHEIN, New, or Noivi Giezi, a town of Mo- 

 ravia, in the circle of Prerau, well built and defended by 

 walls; 24 miles E.N.E. of Prerau. N. lat. 49° 32'. E. 

 long. 18° I o". 



Titschein, Alt, a town of Moravia ; t miles S.W. of 

 New Titfchein. 



TITSCHIN, a town of Moravia, in the circle of 01- 

 mutz ; 16 miles S. of Olmutz. — Alfo, a town of Moravia, 

 in the circle of Prerau ; 8 miles S.W. of Freyberg. 



TITTERIE, a fouthem province of Algiers, which 

 extends from the river MafafFran, on the W., to the river 

 Booberak, on the E. : northward it is bounded by the Me- 

 diterranean, and fouthward by Sahara ; about 60 miles long 

 and 40 broad. 



Titterie Getvle, a lake of Algiers, fituated near moun- 

 tains ; 60 miles S. of Algiers. 



Titterie Dq/b, or Hadjar Titterie, a ridge of precipices 

 in Algiers : on the fummit is a large plain, with only one 

 narrow road leading up to it, where a tribe of Arabs keep 

 their granaries ; 50 miles S. of Algiers. 



TITTING, or Dietting, a town of Bavaria, in the 

 bifhopric of Aichftatt ; 5 miles N. of Aichftatt, 



TITTIUS, in Botany, a name given by Rumphiue, 



Amboyn. v. 3. t. 19, and t. 20, to two very different kind* 



of trees, the latter of which is fuppofed by Juflieu to be a 



CoRNDTlA. See that article. 



TITTMANING, or Djtjmaking, in Cecgraphy, a 



tOWTi 



