TIT 



T 1 T 



town of the archbifhopi'ic of Salzburg, oa the Salza. In 

 the year 1310, a peftilential difeafe made fuch ravages in this 

 town, that 1300 perfons died between the i ith of November 

 'and the 2d of February following. In the year 1571, al- 

 inoil the whole town was burned down by hghtning ; 20 

 miles N.N.W. of Salzburg. N. lat. 48° i'. E. long. 

 12° 44'. 



TITTUA, in Ancient Geography, a town of India, on 

 this fide of the Ganges, which belonged to the Carxans. Ptol, 



TITUBATION, m AjJrcwmy. See Tkki-idation. 



TITUL, in Geography, a town of Hungary, on the 

 Theyfle. This town has often been taken and retaken by 

 the Imperialifts and Turks; 24 miles E.S.E. of Peter 

 Warden. 



TITULAR, or Titulary, denotes a pcrfon invelled 

 with a title, in virtue of which he holds an olHce or benefice, 

 whether he performs the funftions of it or not. In this 

 fenfe the term is ufed in oppofition to furvivor, and to a 

 per£on only aiSing by procuration, or commiflion. An 

 officer is always reputed titular till he liath rcfigncd his 

 office, and the rcfignation hath been admitted. 



Titular is alfo fometimcs applied adjeftively to a pcrfon 

 who has the title and right of an office or dignity, but with- 

 out having polFeffion, or difcharging the fundlion of it.. 



It is fometimes alfo ufed abufively for a pcrfon who af- 

 fumes and pretends a title to a thing, without either a right 

 to it, or a pofleffion of it. 



Titular Churches. See Titles. 



Titulars of Tithes, a term fometimes applied to perfons 

 who had the pofTeffion of tithes under the crown in Scotland. 

 They had alfo other names or titles applied to them in fome 

 cafes. See Tithes. 



TITULCIA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Hifpania 

 Citerior, between Mantua to the N.E. and Toletum to the 

 S.W. ; marked in Anton. Itin. on the route from Saragofla 

 to Emerita. 



TITUS, in Scripture Biography, a difciple and companion 

 of the apoftle Paul, who attended him in many peregrinations 

 to Jerufalem, Ephefus, and Crete, and who was deputed by 

 him on feveral important fervices. For^an account of the 

 epiftle addrefled to him by St. Paul, fee Epistle. 



Titus Vespasianus, in Biography, a Roman emperor, 

 was the eldeft fon of Vefpafian, and born A.D. 40. In the 

 courfe of his education at the court of Nero, he made a great 

 proficiency in the ftudy of eloquence and poetry. In his 

 military fervice he firft; ranked as tribune in Germany, and 

 afterwards in Britain ; and by his valour and flcill, as well as 

 by the graces of his perfon and manners, obtained great 

 applaufe. On his return to Rome, he acquired reputation 

 in the forum as a fuccefsful pleader. His firft wife was the 

 daughter of a Roman knight, and after her death he married 

 a lady of illuftrious defcent, whom he divorced after {he had 

 borne him one daughter. Having diftinguifhed himfelf as 

 qua:fl:or, he ferved as lieutenant under his father in the war 

 of Judea, during which he gained renown, not only by his 

 military enterprifcs, but by the mildnefs and gencrofity of 

 his temper ; and though he did not abftain from tlie in- 

 dulgences of youthful propenfities, he did not negleft ferious 

 occupations. When Vefpafian, after the death of Otho, 

 was deliberating about afTuming the purple, he afted as 

 mediator in the confederacy between him and Marianus, the 

 governor of Syria ; and when Vefpafian marched to Italy, 

 Titus was entrufted with the profecution of the war in Ju- 

 dza. When his father took pofleffion of the imperial au- 

 thority, he declared Titus his colleague in the confulate, 

 A.D. 70. In that year Jerufalem was taken after a cala- 

 mitous fiege, and the deflxuftion of the temple, which 



Vol. XXXV. 



Titus wilhcd to have prcfervcd. After the reduftion of 

 Jerufalem, he went to Alexandria, and took part in the 

 fupcrftitious confecration of the ox Apia ; and after having 

 given audience to the ambaifadors of the king of Parlhia, 

 he hallened to Romu with a view of eounterafting fome un- 

 favourable rumours, and was honoured with a magnificent 

 triumph. Vefpafian admitted him to a participation of the 

 empire, and they continued to co-operate in the exercife of 

 the imperial power, and hved together in amicable intcr- 

 courfe. Suetonius, however, intimates that Titus's conduA 

 vv-as in a variety of refpefts very far from being irreproachable, 

 either in private life or in his public charaAer. During the 

 war in Judvea, he had indulged a violent paffion for Berenice, 

 daughter of Agnppa I. king of the Jews, and widow of 

 Herod, king of Chalcis ; and as flic followed him to Rome, 

 he gave ofl"encc to the people by his attachment to a foreign 

 queen of doubtful reputation ; and, as Suetonius fays, fufpi- 

 cions were entertained that Titus would eventually prove a 

 fecond Nero. 



Upon the death of Vefpafian, A.D. 79, Titus imme- 

 diately fuccceded hira ; and by his conduct towards his 

 rival Domitian, and to thofe who adhered to his intcreft, he 

 gained the afi"e£lion of the people, and eftabhflied a charac- 

 ter, which has caufcd him to be recorded under the glorious 

 title of " The Delight of the Human Race." . Although 

 his reign was fliort, it was diftinguiflied by a feries of bene- 

 ficent aftions ; not always, perhaps, equally hberal in tJie 

 principle from which they originated. This courfe of bene- 

 ficence was commenced by a confirmation of all the grants 

 and donations made by his predeceflbrs. And he thus efta- 

 bhflied a precedent, which governed the conduft of his fuc- 

 ccflbrs. Upon afluming the office of chief pontiff, he 

 avowed it to be a folemn engagement not to ftied the blood 

 of a citizen, and to this refolution he adhered in a con- 

 fpiracy againfl; himfelf. In the cafe of one of the tvi'o pa- 

 tricians imphcated in this crime, he calmed the anxiety of his 

 mother by deputing a fpecial mefienger to alTure her that 

 her fon's life was in no danger. Befides, he abrogated the 

 law of high-treafon with refpeft to all conviftions for words 

 or writings againft the perfon or dignity of the emperor. 



It was one of his maxims, " that no one ought to depart 

 difcontented from the perfon of his prince ;" and on this he 

 founded his praftice of giving hopes to petitioners when lie 

 thought it neceflary to refufe their requefts. If we conneft 

 this maxim with his well-known exclamation at the clofe of 

 a day on which he had conferred no benefit, " My friends I 

 have loft a day," we cannot forbear fufpefting tliat the be- 

 nefits to which he referred were rather afta of private bounty 

 to courtiers or importunate fuitors, than the performance 

 of public duties. Many inftances occur of his love of po- 

 pularity, and of the excefs in which he indulged it. 'I'he 

 public calamities that happened during his reign gave occa- 

 fion for the exercife and difplay of his compaffion and 

 bounty ; fuch were the great eruption of mount Vefuvius, 

 which deftroyed Herculaneum, Pompeii, and other towns : 

 and the conflagration of Rome, which was followed by a 

 fatal epidemic diforder. His general conduft entitled him 

 to the affeftion of his fubjefts ; nor does he feem to have 

 deferved reproach for any aft of injuftice or oppreffion. 

 Whilfl: he was on a journey to the country of the Sabines, 

 he was feizedVith a fever, which terminated fatally, on the 

 13th of September, A.D. 81, in the 41 11 year of his age, 

 and after a reign of two years and lefs than three months. 

 Apprehending his diflblution, he lamented his early and pre- 

 mature doom ; and yet, though his death was deplored at 

 Rome as a general calamity, it was perhaps, confidering the 

 flexibility of liis difpofition, and his inclination to profufe 

 5 C c.tpen- 



