T I V 



expciidituro, favourable to his own reputation and to the 

 public profperity and happinefs. Suetonius. Anc. Un. 

 Hill. Crcvicr's Rom. Emp. 



TITWALLA, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, 

 ill B:ii;lana : 28 miles E. of Baffecn. 



TITYRl'S MoNS, in ^Indent Geography, a mountain in 

 the wcllern part of the ifle of Crete, in the country named 

 Cvdonia, according to Strabo. On this mountain was a 

 temple named Didynnaeum Templum. In fome copies of 

 Strabo, this mountain and temple are placed in the town of 

 Cvdonia. 



TITZ, in Geography, a town of France, in the department 

 of tlie Roer; 4 miles N.N.E. of Juliers. 



TITZLA, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Caramania, 

 on a fait lake ; 60 miles S.W. of Kirfhchr. 



TIVA, a town of the Arabian Irak ; 130 miles W. of 

 Balforah. 



TIVER, in Rural Economy, the provincial name of a fub- 

 (lancc of the colouring ochre kind, ufed for marking (heap 

 in fome places. 



TIVERING, a term applied to the ad or operation of 

 marking (heep and lambs in difFtrent ways, with the material 

 of the tiver kind, in fome diftrifts and places, for particu- 

 lar ufes and purpofes. Thus, it is a praftice with fome 

 coiTeft flieep-farmcrs to have their fheep tivered fo as to 

 afccrtain different points in their management with great 

 exa£lnefs. The bows or breafts of the rams are tivered 

 every two or three days in the tupping or riding feafon, 

 and tlie ewes which are put to them, the firfl week, marked 

 with one ftroke of tiver, thofe of the fecond week, with two 

 llrokes, and fo on. The tivering of fheep is alfo ufeful on 

 many other occafions for marking and diftinguifhing the ob- 

 jefts and views of the (heep-farmer. The practice of it is 

 very common in the Romney-marfli fyftem of flieep-grazing. 

 See Sheep. 



TIVERTON, in Geosraphy, anciently called Twyford- 

 town, a borough and market-town in the hundred of the 

 fame name, and county of Devon, England ; is fituated on 

 the flope of a hill between the rivers Exe and Loman, 14 

 miles N. by E. from Exeter, and 163 miles W. by S. from 

 London. In the time of Alfred it was only a village, but 

 had twelve tithings belonging to it, and was governed by a 

 portreve. Henry I. granted the manor and lordfliip to 

 Rjchard Rivers, afterwards earl of Devon, by whom a 

 calUe was erected here about the year iio6, which 

 continued to be the baronial refidence for a confiderable 

 number of years. The attraftions of the caflle occalioned 

 a great increafe in the buildings and population of Tiverton ; 

 and by the favourof the lords, it was inveftedwith the privilege 

 of a market as early as the year 1 200. About fifty years 

 afterwards, the ftrcam of water, now called the Town-Leat, 

 was condufted from the dillance of five miles to fupply tlie 

 inhabitants ; and a piece of wafte land, called Elmore Com- 

 mon, was given for the benefit of the poorer clafles, either 

 for pafturage or for cultivation. Thefe advantages continued 

 to attraft new fettlers ; but the mod rapid augmentation of 

 the town took place on the final eftablifhment of the woollen 

 manufacture about the year 1500. Towards the clofe of 

 Elizabeth's reign, Tiverton was the principal place in the 

 county for the manufafture of woollen goods ; particularly 

 kerfeys, which Hill continue to be the chief article made 

 here. About this period, the profperity of the town re- 

 ceived a t'.-mporary check : in 1591 it was vifited by the 

 plague, to which 550 perfons fell viftims ; numbers fled for 

 fafety ; and the inhabitants were fo thinned, that the growing 

 of grafs in the llreets is particularly recorded. Scarcely had 

 t},e town recovered, when it \7a6 nearly deftroyed by fire, 



T I V 



April 3, 1598, when more than four hundred iioufca were 

 confumed, and thirty-three perlbns perifhed in the flames : 

 the value of the property deftroyed was eftimated at 1 50,000/. 

 In about a dozen years from that time, Tiverton was again 

 efteemed a town of great importance, and called the chief 

 market-town of the Weft. Many rich clothiers and mer- 

 chants livid in it, and 8000 people were conftantly employed 

 in its woollen manufaftures. The buildings were iiicreafing 

 in number and refpcftability, and Tiverton would have pro- 

 bably bfcome one of the greateft manufafturing towns in 

 the kingdom, but for a fecond conflagration, which deftroyed 

 nearly all the property of the inhabitants, and wholly blatted 

 their flonrifliing expeftation. In this fire, which happened 

 Auguft 5, 1612, fix hundred houfes were deftroyed, with 

 goods and merchandize to the amount of 200,000/. ; and 

 the inhabitants of every defcription were reduced to the 

 greateft diftrefs. Tlie poor manufafturers were diftributedtn 

 diff"erciit towns, by which means the advantages of the cloth- 

 ing trade that had hitherto been cxclufively enjoyed by Ti- 

 verton, were extended to other parts of the county. In 

 the year 1615, Tiverton received its firft charter of incor- 

 poration from king James ; and its government was vefted in 

 a mayor, twelve capital burgefles, and twelve afliftant bur- 

 geffes. The right of returning two members to parliament 

 was alfo granted to the fame perfons. This charter con- 

 tinued in force till 1723, when it was forfeited by negledl, 

 and a new one, exaftly fimilar, was granted by George I. 

 In 1731,3 third deftruftive fire occuixed, which again nearly- 

 laid wafte the town. During the 17th century, the trade 

 and population progreftively increafed : but in the following 

 century, rapidly declined : a favourable alteration has re- 

 cently taken place, and the general trade of the town is now 

 on a refpeftable bafis. By the parliamentary return of the 

 year 181 1, the number of houfes is ftated to be 1303, the 

 inhabitants 6732. A weekly market is held on Tuefdays, 

 and two fairs annually. The fpot of ground on which 

 Tiverton is built, partakes of a triangular form, from the 

 courfe of the rivers by which it is bounded. Its greateft 

 length is nearly one mile ; its breadth exaftly three quarters. 

 The four principal ftreets form a quandrangle, inclofing an 

 area of gardens, in the centre of which is a bowling-green. 

 Moft of the houfes are of red brick, or of ftone, and are 

 generally covered with blue (late. Thofe on the outfliirts 

 of the town, and at the ends of the ftreets, which efcaped 

 the fire of 1731, are of earth or cobb, covered with thatch. 

 The principal buildings are the caftle, the church, and the 

 free grammar-fchool. The caftle, from the prefent remains, 

 appears to have been nearly of a quadrangular form, inclof- 

 ing an area of about an acre, and furroundcd by ftrong 

 walls, from twenty to twenty-five feet in height. At the 

 angles were embattled towers, about thirty-five feet high. 

 This fortrefs was fecured from attack on the W. fide by a 

 fteep declivity of about fixty feet, on the edge of which 

 a lofty wall was built. Two wide and deep moats, filled 

 with water from the Town-Leat, defended the whole of the 

 N. and S. walls to each fide of the caufeway leading to the 

 gate on the E. This caftle has been frequently expofed to 

 iieges : during the reign of Stephen, and in the conteft 

 between the houfes of York and Lancafter, it was feveral 

 times fubjeft to the afl'aults of the contending parties ; and 

 in the civil war of Charles I. being garrifoned for the king, 

 it was befieged and taken by the parliamentary forces. 

 From this period the caftle has been faUing to decay ; and 

 feveral of the ancient buildings have been converted into 

 the offices of a farm. Great part of the S. and VV. walls, 

 with parts of the towers at the angles, are ftill ftanding. 

 The moat at the S. fide is converted into a good kitchen 



garden ; 



