T O C 



See Gaudenia, of which this is probably a fpecics. The 

 author calls his onlj- fpfcies T. longifora, and his defcription 

 contains the following particulars. „ , , , , , 



The j?<-m is three feet high, ercft, fimple, leafy, fcarcely 

 Ihrubhy. Leavti oppofitc, ercft, phant, fifteen inches 

 long, Lmceolate, entire, fmooth, tapering at each end, on 

 fmooth fooljliilks, about an inch and half in length, at- 

 tached to a pair of triangular, acute, combined, intratolia- 

 Meaniftipuldj. Flowers about fourteen in a terminal head, 

 ill oppofite feirilc pairs, each flower accompanied by two 

 Iniall fcaly braaeas. Calyx fuperior, bell-lhaped, in five 

 fmall fegnients, nieafuring with the germm not more than 

 four lines. Corolla with a yellowilh cylindrical tube, as 

 thick as a goofe-quill, and nine or ten inches long, dilated 

 at the throat, and terminating in a wliite bell-lhaped limb, 

 with five ovate, equal, fpreading fcgments. yfnthers nearly 

 feffile, between the fcgments of the corolla, oblong, incum- 

 bent. Germai oval, inferior. Style capillary, the length of 

 the tube, tumid and hairy for an inch below the top. 

 Stigma of two large, comprefTed, oval lips, included within 

 the throat of the corolla. Berry oval, an inch long, 

 crowned with the calyx, of two cells, with numerous 

 ro\ind\!h feeds, imbedded in vifcid pulp. The foiuers have a 

 very fweet fmell. Aublet met with feveral plants of this 

 fpecies in the wood of Aroura in Guiana, flowering in Au- 



guft. All the leaves were perforated or gnawed by infecls. 



His dried fpecimen of the flower is as black as ink. If 

 mannia of Thunberg and Salifbury be diftinft from Gardenia, 

 the prefent plant Ihould feem to belong to the former. 



TOCRUM, in Geography, a town of Bengal ; 8 miles 

 S. of Koonda. 



TOCRUR, a town of Africa, and capital of a kingdom, 

 in Nigritia, on the north fide of the Niger, AV. of Calhna ; 

 270 miles E.N.E. of Tombuftoo. N. lat. 16° 32'. E. 

 long. 6' 5'. 



TOCSON HoTUN, a town of Tliibet ; 20 miles W.S.W. 

 of Tourfan. N. lat. 43° 26'. E. long. 89'= 14'. 



TOCUYO, a city of Soutli America, in the govern- 

 ment of Venezuela, fitualed in a valley formed by two 

 mountains. Its divifion and conftruSion are very regular : 

 the ftreets are on a line, and fulBciently wide. It has a well- 

 built parifli church, on which depends a chapel of eaie. 

 The Francifcans have one monaRery, and the Dominicans 

 another. It is governed by a common-council. The 

 climate is rather cold than hot ; and though the flcy is 

 often overcaft, the air is wholefome. The inhabitants are 

 graziers, agriculturifts, artifans, and traders. The wheat 

 of its vicinity is reckoned the bell in the province, and 

 furnifties fufficient for the confumption of many towns of 

 the interior. They export from 8000 to ro,coo quintals of 

 flour. From the wool of their flieep they fabricate cover- 

 lids, and other cloths, which they carry as far as Mara- 

 caibo and Carthagena. They have alfo tanneries and 

 taweries, and, like the inhabitants of Carora, work up as 

 many as they can of the raw materials, and fell the rell. 

 Another article of commerce, very lucrative to the citizens 

 of Tocuyo, is fait, which they bring from the fait -ponds of 

 Coro. In this city are reckoned 10,200 perfons, who 

 are reproached with the crime of fuicide. Tocuyo is 90 

 leagues diftant S.W. of Caraccas, and 20 leagues N. of 



Truxillo. N. lat. 9" 35'. Long. W. of Paris 72^ 40' 



Alfo, a river of Venezuela, which difcharges itfelf into the 

 lea, 25 leagues E. of the Gaigues, which runs 16 leagues 

 W. of Coro. The fource of Tocuyo is about 15 leagues 

 S. of Carora, upwards of 60 leagues from the fea. It is 

 navigable at far as Banagua, a village fituated on its banks, 

 at the diftance of 46 leagues from its mouth. Its vicinity 



TOD 



furniihes abundance of timber of the largeft fize, and fit 

 for every kind of building. Depons, vol. i. and ii. 



TOD of Wool is mentioned in the ftatute 12 Car. II. 

 c. 32. as a weight containing twenty-eight pounds, or two 

 Rone. See AVkight. 



Some will have the word derived from the French, toilet, 

 a wrapper, within which, by ufage, two (lone of wool are 

 folded. 



A lad of wool contains i 2 facks, a fack 2 weighs, 13 tods, 

 26 ftone, 52 cloves, or 364 pounds. 



ToD-Nead, in Geography, a cape on the eafl coaft of 

 Scotland, in the county of Kincardine ; 5 miles S. of 

 Stonehaven. N. lat. 56' 51'. W. long. 2° 11'. 



TODDALIA,in^o/anj, Jufl'.37l. Poiret in Lam. Diet, 

 v. 7. 693, a barbarous name made out of the Kaka-toddali 

 of Rheede, Hort. Mai. v. 5. 81. t. 41. (See Scopolia.) 

 ^Todda, with fome addition, is the appellation of other 

 Indian plants, as Todda-pana of Cycus cireiiialis, and Todda- 

 vaddi of Oxalis fenjitlva. We humbly hope that the worthy 

 M. Poirct, who is fo highly difpleaied at our wiihing to 

 ret;un a SeopoHii, will approve of our having fo much laboured 

 toellablilh a Poiretia. See that article. 



TODDA-PANA, the name by which many authors 

 call the palma farinifera, or fago-tree. 



TODDINGTON, or Tuddixgton, in Geography, an 

 ancient market-town in the hundred of Manfhead, and 

 county of Bedford, England ; is iltuated five miles N. by 

 W. from Dunftable, and 39 miles N.W. by N. from 

 London. A market was originally held here on Tlmrfdays, 

 by a grant from king Henry III. in 1218 ; but this was 

 changed to Saturday, by a charter of Edward II. in 13 16, 

 whicii was confirmed by Richard II. in 1385. In 1681, 

 the market was fo confiderable, that fixteen butchers rented 

 ftalls in the market-place. It gradually declined, and of 

 late years has been wholly difcontinued. The market- 

 houfe was pulled down in 1799, and the materials fold. It 

 is probable, that it had been before difcontinued, and after- 

 wards revived, as Leland does not include Toddington in 

 the hft of the market-towns in Bedfordlhire. A fair was 

 granted by the charters of 12 18 and 1316 : five are now 

 held in the year. The population return of the year 181 1, 

 ftates the parilh to contain 259 houfes, and 1 143 inhabitants. 

 The manor of Toddington was given by William the Con- 

 queror to Ernulfus de Hefdin, anceftor of the earls of 

 Perch. On the death of the laft earl, in 1 2 16, it devolved 

 to the earl of Pembroke, and from him to Paulinus Peyvre, 

 Reward of the houfehold to Henry III. From the Peyvre 

 family, the manor defcended to fir Thomas Cheney, K. G. 

 whofe fon, Henry, was knighted by queen Elizabeth in 

 1563, (he being then on a viiit to him at Toddington. 

 In 1572, fhe created him lord Cheney. Lord Cheney built 

 a noble manfion at Toddington, of which nothing now re- 

 mains but the kitchen, which is remarkably fpacious. Tod- 

 dington church is a handfome ftrufture ; the frieze, ort the 

 outiide, is decorated with grotcfqne figures of animals. The 

 fouth tranfept contains fome ancient monuments of the 

 Peyvres, and alfo thofe of the Cheneys. The north tran- 

 fept was the burial-place of the Wentworths, and contains 

 two monuments to lady Maria, and lady Henrietta Went- 

 worth, on each of wiiich 2000/. were expended. Both tran- 

 fepts are in a (hameful ftate of dilapidation. In the year 

 1443, an hofpital was founded at Toddington, by fir John 

 Broughton, for three poor men, and a mafter or chaplain, 

 who was to pray for the fouls of the Peyvre family. There 

 are now no traces of the hofpital : the flones were ufed in 

 building the market-houfe. Lyfons's Magna Britannia, 

 vol. i. Bedfordlhire, 1806. 



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