TOD 



T O D 



TODDIPOODY, a town of Hindoollan, in the circar 

 of Rajamundry ; i8 miles E.S-E. of RajamiiiKlry. 



TODDY, or ToDDi, is a juice drawn from various 

 kinds of palms, by cutting off the branch intended by 

 nature to produce fruit, and receiving from the wounded 

 branch the fap which was defigned for the nourilluncnt of 

 the future crop. But as toddy, although fwectifli when 

 firft drawn, is in a Hate of fermentation in the courfc of 

 24 hours, acquiring an intoxicating quality, and thus be- 

 comes four and harfh, it could not have been the palm-wine 

 of the ancients ; which mull have kept for fome time, as 

 it was carried on the rivers during voyages of many days, 

 and even appears to have been ilored up. Toddy is uled 

 with molafles, rice, and other ingredients, in the dillillation 

 of Arrack ; which fee. The toddy of the date-tree is faid 

 to be of an inferior quality to that from fome other kinds of 

 palms. The palm-wine was made in Babylonia, where 

 palms abounded, of the fruit of the palm-tree. This was 

 hveet to the tafte, but apt to give the head-ache. The 

 palm, as Herodotus informs us (Clio, c. 193.) produced 

 to the inhabitants of Babylonia, bread, wine, and honey. 

 The wine mull have been verv plentiful, for he fays that 

 the boats which defcended the Tigris from Armenia, fome 

 of which were very large, were loaded with palm-wine as 

 the principal article of their commerce. We derive fimilar 

 information from Xenophon, who fpeaks of the floats that 

 pafled the Euphrates at Carmanda, and tlie Tigris at 

 Cicnx. \Ve learn, from the travels of M. Burckhardt in 

 Nuba (Nubia) in 1813, that the praftice of making wine 

 as an article of commerce is difcontinued in Mefopotamia 

 and Babylonia, where the date-trees abounded, and where 

 the profufion of fruit rendered wine fo plentiful, becaule in 

 modern times the want of a proper dillribution of water 

 lor irrigation, has left only a fmall proportion of date-trees ; 

 and hence it is probable, that none of the fruit can be 

 fpared from the necelfary demand for food. Ka:mpfer is 

 filent on the fubjeft of palm-wine ; and this circumllance 

 fatisfaftorily proves the difcontinuance of the pradlice of 

 making it in thofe countries. M. Burckhardt tells us, that 

 in all the larger villages of Nubia, the ufe of palm-wine is 

 very common ; and at Derr, the reputed capital of the 

 country, a great quantity of fpirit is confumed. The 

 ^vine, he fays, does not talle amifs ; but it is too rich and 

 too thick to be drank with pleafure. When the date-fruit 

 has acquired its full maturity, it is thrown into large earthen 

 boilers, and left to boil without interruption for two or 

 three days. It is then flrained, and the clear juice put into 

 earthen jars, well clofed and buried in the ground, where it 

 fermeats. It is left ten or twelve days under ground ; at 

 the expiration of which time it is fit to drink. It keeps 

 for twelve months, and then turns four. The aqua-vitas 

 made from dates is of a very good quality, and keeps well 

 for years. People of the upper clafTes at Derr are every 

 evening intoxicated either with date-wine or fpirits, of 

 which great quantities are confumed. They are fold 

 openly. From Siout, fouthward, through Upper Egypt, 

 date-fpirits are made and publicly fold ; the pacha receiving 

 a tax upon it from the inn-keepers : they alfo make a kind 

 of jelly or honey from the dates, which ferves for a fwcet- 

 meat. 



ToDnY-7V«. See Mammee-7V«. 



TODEA, in Botany, a fuppofed genus of ferns, dedi- 

 cated by Willdenow to the memory of tlie Rev. Henry 

 .lulius Tode, a clergyman of Mecklenburg, who died in 

 1797, aged 6a. He is diilinguiihed among cryptogamic 

 botanifts, as the author of an accurate and pradtical work, 

 in quarto, with numerous plates, entitled Fungi McckUti' 



lurgcnfcs Sele^i, publirtied at Lunenberg, in 1790, to which 

 the reader will fmd frequent references m our feveral articles 

 relating to the order ot Fungi. This genus, however, is 

 funk in O.sMUNnv; fee that article, n. 3. 



TODENDORP, in Ciogniphy, a town of the duchy 

 of Holllein ; 6 miles N.E. of Hamburgh. 



TODI, Mauia Fkancisca, in Biography, born in Por- 

 tugal in 1748, arrived in England in 1777, with Jcrmoli, 

 as firil woman in the comic opera. She mull have im- 

 proved extremely after fhe left this country, whsre (lie re- 

 mained only one feafon, and was little noticed ; her voice 

 being feeble, and feldom perfeftly in tune. But Ihe after- 

 wards became tlie moil captivating finger for tafte and ex- 

 preffion in cantabile airs, in France and Germany (accord- 

 ing to report), that ever appeared in Europe. She was 

 taught by Perez. 



ToDi, in Geography, a town of the Popedom, in the 

 duchy of Spoleto, near the Tiber, the fee of a bifliop, im- 

 mediately under the pope. It contains feveral churches 

 and convents; iS miles W. of Spoleto. N. lat. 42° 47'. 

 E. long. 12° 18'. 



TODIALOOR, a town of Hindooilaii, in the country 

 of Coimbetore ; 5 miles N. of Coimbctore. 



TODIVESTI, a town of Moldavia; 6 miles N.E. of 

 Snczava. 



TODOROVA, a town of Croatia ; 18 miles W.N.W. 

 of Novi. 



TODOS Santos. &et AhL-Saints. 



TODS, a town of the ilate of Virginia; 9 miles E.N.E. 

 of Hanover. 



TODTENVOGEL, in Ornithology, a name by which 

 Gefner and fome other authors have called that fpecies of 

 a-nanthe, known in England by the name of \\\eJlone-chatter, 

 Jione-fmiih, or moor-titling. 



TODTIBERG, in Geography, a mountain of Switzer- 

 land, and reckoned one of the liigheft in the country, in the 

 road from Difentis to the Grifons. 



TODUCiE, in Ancient Geography, a people of Africa, 

 in Mauritania Csfarienfis, towards the fource of the river 

 Ampfaga. 



TODUS, Tody, in Ornithology, a genus of the order 

 Picoe, the charafters of which are, that the bill is awl-fhaped, 

 fomewhat depreffed, obtule, flraight, and at its bafe befet 

 with briflles ; the noftrils are ovate and fmall ; the feet are 

 formed for walking ; and the outer toe is connedlcd at the 

 bafe to the middle one. 



Species. 



ViRiDis. Green, with a red breaft : the green tody. 

 Found in the warmer parts of America, and the neighbour- 

 ing iflands. 



CiNEREUS. A(h-coloured, with the under part yellow : 

 the Tie-tie of Buffon ; the grey and yellow fly-catcher of 

 Edwards. Found in open places of Surinam and Guiana. 



Fuscus. Ferruginous, under part olive- coloured, fpottcd 

 with white; the tail ferruginous, and wings croffed with a 

 blackifh bar. Found in South America, lets than the green. 



C^RULEUS. Blueifli, with white tliroat ; temples, tnioat, 

 and abdomen orange. Found in America, of the fize of the 

 green, 



Varius. Varied with blue, black and green ; the bill, 

 head, throat, neck, feet, nails, and tail black ; the margin 

 of the tail, and the coverts of the whigs, green. Found in 

 India, 



Leucocephalus. Black, the head fubcriftated ; throat 

 ;nid upper p;tft of the neck white : white-headed tody of 

 Lathani> Found in America. 



5 E 2 BnACHV« 



