T O F 



T O F 



Overman, of Burnham, in that diftrid, has maik an im- 

 provement in his carts of this kind : inilead of the toe- 

 liick drawing out to let the back or framed part of the cart 

 tilt up, and deliver the load or part of it, this contrivance 

 turns in tlie centre on a pivot, and the liooks which confine 

 it at the ends, are each in a poiition tlie reverfe of the other, 

 by means of which it is expeditioufly effedted. 



TOESA, in Commerce, a long meafurc in Spain ; the 

 tocfa or braza is 2 varas, or 6 feet, that is, 66|- Eiiglifh 

 inches; a pafo or pace, is 5 feet; an eftadal, 12 feet, or 

 4 varas ; and a cuerda, 8^ varas. 



TOESCHI, Ai.EssANDUo, in Biography, the head of a 

 celebrated mufieal family from Romania, fettled at Munich, 

 who in 1756 was appointed concert-mailer to the eleftor of 

 Bavaria's ecclefiallical band. 



ToEscill, CiiAKLES JosEPH, after being dircttor of tlie 

 chamber-mufic of the court of Bavaria, in 1756 was ap- 

 pointed iirft violin in the famous band of the eleftor 

 palatine at Manheim. He was feven years concert-mafter, 

 and engaged in other honourable profefTional employments 

 about the court of Manheim till 1786. In 1766 lie pub- 

 lifhed at Paris iix iymphoiiies ; vioUn quartets ; and flute 

 concertos. About the fame time, fix violin ducts, and 

 other works at Amfterdam. His ftyle is full of fire, new 

 effcfts, and in flow movements, grace and elegance. He 

 was a difciple of the great Stamitz, and died at Manheim 

 in 1788, in the 60th year of his age, leaving behind him an 

 excellent private charafter. 



T0E.SCHI, JoH'*, concert-mafter at Manheim, and an ad- 

 mirable performer on the violin. He was one of the prin- 

 cipal ornaments of the famous court-band in 1756. 



ToESCHi, Susannah, a iingcrof great merit in the fervice 

 of the court at Munich, brought up under Holtzbauer, the 

 maeftro di capella to the eleftor palatine. 



TOESOBIUS, in Ancient Geography, a river of the ifle 

 of Albion, which had its mouth, according to Ptolemy, on 

 the vveftern coaft, between the gulf Sercia and the pro- 

 montory Ganganorum : probably the river Conway. 



TOE-YAH-YAH, in Geogmphy, a bay of Owhyhee, one 

 of the Sandwich illands, extending along the whole coaft from 

 the wefternmoft point, to the northern extremity of the ifland, 

 and bounded to the N. by two very confpicuous hills. 

 Towards the bottom of the bay there is foul, corally ground, 

 extending upward of a mile from the fliore, without wliich 

 the foundings are regular, with good anchorage, in twenty 

 fathoms. Cook's Third Voyage, vol. iii. 



TOFIELDIA, in Bolaiiy, was fo called by the late 

 Mr. Hudfon, after his correfpondent Mr. Tofield, who re- 

 fided in the neighbourhood of Doncafter, and to whom 

 Britifli botanifts are indebted for the difcovery of Vicia 

 bithynica, the original fpecimens of which are preferved in his 

 herbarium, now belonging to William Younge, M.D. F.L.S. 

 of Sheffield, Yovkfliire.— Hudf. Angl. ed. 2. 157. Sm. 

 Fl. Brit. 397. Dryandr. in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. 324. 

 Purfti 246. Kunth Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI. v. i. 267. (An- 

 thcricum ; Linn. Gen. PI. ed. I. 106, but not of the fub- 

 fequent editions. Narthecium ; Ger. Gallopr. 142. .Tuft". 47. 

 Michaux Boreal. -Amer. v. I. 209. Lamarck Illuftr. 

 t. 268.) — Clafs and order, ffexandria Trigynia. Nat. Ord. 

 Tripetaloidea, Linn. Jiinci, JulT. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, mem- 

 branous, three-cleft, fmall, permanent. Cor. Petals fix, 

 oblong, concave, equal, fpreading, permanent, many times 

 longer than the calyx. Slam. Filaments fix, oppofite to 

 the petals, awl-ftiaped, fimple, fmooth, aboHt the length 

 of the corolla ; anthers iueumbent, roundifli-heartftiaped. 

 Pifi, Germens three, fuperior, converging, pointed, termi- 



6 



nating in as many (hort, diftant, vertical llyles ; ftigmas 

 capitate. Peric. Capfules tiirce, connefted at the bafe, 

 gibbous, keeled, membranous, of one cell and two valves, 

 biirlling chiefly at the inner edge. Seech numerous, elliptic- 

 oblong, angular, infertcd intu tlie inner margin of each 

 valve. 



Efl". Ch. Calyx three-cleft. Petals fix, equal. Styles 

 vertical, fliort. Capfules three, fuperior, combined at the 

 bafe. Seeds numerous. Anthers roundifh. 



The fmall membranous permanent calyx, more or lefs 

 diftantly feparated from the oilier parts of the flower by an 

 elongation of the bafe of the latter, is the very peculiar 

 charafter of Tojicldia. By this it is diftinguifhed from Hi*- 

 i.oxiAs, Naktiiecium and ANiiriiiuciM, with all which 

 it has been confounded ; fee tliofe articles. Helonias more- 

 over has a fimple germen and capfule, with very few'feeds. 

 Narthecium and Anthericum have each a fimple ftyle ; the 

 former liairy filaments, and tuiiicatod feeds ; the latter an- 

 gular feeds. 



Five of the fix fpccies, now known to compofe the 

 genus before us, have been confounded together as one. 

 We ftiall give their charadlers, and moil elTenlial fynonyms. 

 The whole hiftory of the miilakes which have embroiled 

 the fynonyms and charadlers, both generic and fpecific, of 

 Tofieldia, have lately been detailed, more at length than 

 fuits our purpofe here, in a paper communicated to the 

 Linnican Society by the writer of the prcfeiit article. 



The fpecies are all perennial and lierbaceous, with fimple 

 Jlems, fpiked, or generally cluftered, _/?'.'wi7V, fword-ftiaped, 

 equitant, moftly radical, leaves, the habit of the whole very 

 nearly according with Narthecium. The feeds, in fume in- 

 ftaiices, betray an affinity to that genus, in a little mem- 

 branous appendage at each extremity, as may be feen in our 

 7". alpina. 



1. T.palujlris. Scottifli Afphodel, or Marfli Tofieldia. 

 Hudf. n. I. Fl. Brit. n. I. Ait. n. i. Engl. Bot. t. 536. 

 (T. pufilla; Purfti n. I. Anthericum calyculatum ; Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 447. Fl. Lapp. ed. 2. 106. t. 10. f. 3. Fl. Dan. 

 t. 36. Lightf. Scot. 181. t. 8. f. 2. Helonias borealis ; 

 Willd. Sp. PI. V. 2. 274.) — Head of flowers ovate. Stem 

 fmooth, thread-ftiaped, leaflefs. Petals obovate, obtufe 

 Germens roundifti. — N.itive of bogs, and the margins of 

 rivulets, on the mountains of Lapland, Scotland, Durham, 

 and North America, flowering about July. A little fmooth 

 plant, of a deep green, with a fleiider folitaryy/fm, from 

 four to fix inches high, naked, except an occaiional fmall 

 leaf at the bafe. The radical leaves are two inches long, 

 eredl, forming feveral tufts. Flowers fmall, pale green, in 

 a folitary ovate-oblong denie liead, fcarcely more than half 

 an inch in length, often much lefs. There are hardly any 

 difcernible hraSeas, the calyx being clofe to the main ftalk, 

 and divided down to the bafe, into tliree fmall, acute, mem- 

 branous fegments. The reft of ihc Jlo'u<er is elevated on a 

 ftiort ftalk within the calyx, which, as the fruit advances, 

 becomes very confpicuous. The capfules are obovate, each 

 about the fize of muftard-feed, crowded together into a 

 globular form, minutely pointed, and crowned by the 

 ftyles. 



Michaux and Purfti, miftaking what we fliallnext defcribc, 

 for the true Linnaean Anthericum calyculatum, juftly coiifi- 

 dercd this as a new fpecies. A little examination, of the 

 Flora Lapponica in particular, would have prevented this 

 error, though aU writers upon European plants have hither- 

 to confounded the two fpecies in queftion. 



2. r. alpina. Alpine Tofieldia. Sm. MSS. n. 2. (T. 

 paluftris ; Redout. Lihac. t. 256. Narthecium iridifolium ; 

 Villai-3 Dauph. v. 2. 225. N. calyculatum ; AUion. Pedem. 



V. 2. 



