TOFIELDIA. 



V. 2. 165. Poiret in Lamarck Didl. v. 4. 431, the fyiio- 

 iiyms coiifiifcd. Plialangium alpimim palurtre, iridis folio; 

 Tourii. Iiiil. 368. Segu. Vcron. v. 2. 61. t. 14, copied in 

 Lamarck's t. 268. Pfi-udo-afpliodi-lus fccundiis ; Cluf. Hift. 

 V. I. 19S. Afphodclus Lancallrix vcrus ; Ger. Em. 96.) 

 — Clullor cylindrical. Bradcas nearly equal in length to 

 the (h)wir-lblks. Stem fmooth, bearing two leaves. Petals 

 obovate. Germcns oblong — Very common in moid grafTy 

 palhires, or the margins of rivulets, on the Alps of Auf- 

 tria, Switzerland, Italy, Savoy and Dauphiny, flow-ering 

 in Augull. We know not of its having ever been oblerved 

 in Britain, notwithltanding the name in Gerarde's herbal, 

 uhich is inifapplied to the iigure of this plant, and properly 

 belongs to Nmlhecium njjifragiim, exhibited in the preceding 

 page of the fame book. Linnivus knew the prel'ent fpecies 

 by its fynonyms only,' cited, with marks of well-founded 

 doubt, in his Fl. Lnj>J>. He was led by Dillenius to eileem 

 it a mere variety ot the foregoing, an opinion generally 

 adopted ever fincc, but certainly for want of due enquiry. 

 The alpiiia is not only twice the fi7.e of pahijlns, with a 

 tliicker more woody root, but the Jhm always bears two 

 diihint leaves. TIxl' Jlozuers form a cliijler, not a head or 

 fpike, from one to two inches long, often interrupted, with 

 a concave bradea at the bafe of each Jlalk, about its own 

 length. Calyx clofe to the reft of the flower, rather llightly 

 three-cleft. Petals more yellowilh. Capfules oblong, com- 

 bined almoft all the way up, thrice as large as in palujlris. 

 As the fruit .idv-ances, the partial ilalks become ftill more 

 evident than in the flower. 



3. T.Jlenopetala. Narrow-petalled Tofieldia. Sni. MSS. 

 — duller, cylindrical. Bradleas overtopping the calyx. 

 Stem fmooth, bearing two leaves. Petals lanceolate, acute. 

 — Native of North America, where it was gathered by 

 Kalm, whofc fpecimens were referred by Linnaeus to his 

 ytnthericum calyculattim. They more agree with our T. al- 

 p'lna, in fize and habit, having two or three leaves on the 

 Jhm. The clufler is denfe and obtufe, an inch and a half 



long. Bradeas very different from that fpecies, being 

 lanceolate, and always as long as the partial Jlalk and calyx 

 taken together ; fometimes much longer. Calyx broad and 

 fliallow, unequally notched. Petals greenifli-white, lance- 

 olate, narrow and acute, not obovate. Anthers pointed. 

 Germens tapering into ftyles twice the length of the fore- 

 going. No doubt can exill of this being a moft diftinft 

 fpecies. We find no indications of it in the works of Mi- 

 chaux or Purfli, nor is its precife place of growth known. 



4. T. ccrnua. Drooping-flowered Tofieldia. Sm. MSS. 

 (Anthericum n. 39; Gmel. Sibir. v. i. 73. t. 18. f. 2.) — 

 Cluiler cylindrical. Flowers drooping. Bradleas very 

 ftiort. Flower-ftalks fmooth, the length of the corolla. 

 Stem leaflefs. — Found by Gmelin in mountainous woods in 

 Siberia, flowering late in .July. This is a fpecies fo evi- 

 dently diftindl from all the foregoing, that we cannot ac- 

 count for their having been confounded ; except by fup- 

 pofing that Linnaeus, not having fpecimens of each in fruit 

 as well as in flower, too haltily confidered the various ap- 

 pearances before him, as caufed by different ftages of 

 growth. The drooping^o^yfrj, and quite pendulous fruit, 

 of the prefent plant are remarkable at firfl: fight ; and the 

 former are exprefled in Gmelin's figure. Thefe charafters 

 are too decided, in both our fpecimens, to be attributed to 

 any accident in drying. The whole plant indeed is larger 

 than any of the former three, with more creeping roots. 

 Stem a foot high, or more, quite leaflefs, except at the very 

 bottom, glaucous in the upper part. Leaves near three 

 inches long, narrow, with a fmall oblique point, fuch as 

 may be fcen in fomt of the leaves of moil of the fpecies, 



except Jlenopetala, \viiofc foliage is peculiar for its long 

 ftraight, taper points. Clujler ereft, fmooth, two inches 

 long while in flower, near four when in feed, rather lax, 

 niany-flowered, fcarcely interrupted. Flower-Jlalhs fpread- 

 ing, (lender, fcattered, about an eighth of an inch long, 

 and ftill longer when tlie fruit is full-grown, having a little 

 ovate bradea at the bafe of each, about a quarter the length 

 of the ilalk. Floiucrs white, about twice the fize of Con- 

 vallaria iijolia. Calyx with th.ree fliallow lobes. Petals 

 obovate, obtufe, {lightly pointed, concave, the length of 

 the flower-ftalks, and keeping pace witli them in their fub- 

 fequent elongation. Stamens fliorter than the corolla, with 

 yellow, heurt-fliaped, pointlefs anthers. Germens ovato- 

 lanceolate, with longifli Jlflcs. CapJ'ulcs fliorter than the 

 permanent corolla, obovate, membranous, but brittle, com- 

 bined nearly all the way up, fo as to form a turbinate three- 

 lobcd fruit, crowned with the three fpreading Jlyles and 



capitate _/?/jmrtj-. Seeds minute, prifmatic Gmelin's fup- 



pofed variety, taken from Steller, having a leafy Jlem, is 

 probably another fpecies. 7". certiua is a very pretty plant, 

 and we may hope that, in fome of the frequent importa- 

 tions from Siberia, it may be introduced into the gardens of 

 England. 



5. T. pubens. Downy American Tofieldia. Dryandr. 

 in Ait. Hort. Kevv. n. 2. (T. pubefcens ; Purfti n. 2. 

 Narthecium pubens; Michaux Bor.-Amer. v. i. 209. An- 

 thericum filamentis laevibus, perianthio trifido ; Linn. Hort. 

 Clift. 140. Gron. Virg. ed. I. 39. Afpliodelus minor 

 albus ; Pluk. Mant. 29. Phyt. t. 342. f. 3.) — Clufter cy- 

 lindrical, inteiTupted. Flower-ftalks aggregate, rough, the 

 length of the corolla. — Found in the moift meadows, and 

 mofiy boggy woods, of Virginia and Carolina, flowering in 

 July, according to Clayton and Purlh. This is moft like 

 the laft in rtature and habit, but the roughnefs of the 



fovjerjlallts and their main Jlalk, eflentially diftinguifties it. 

 The former grow three or four together, as if rather whorled 

 than fcattered. The JloiL'ers are white, with yellow anthers, 

 and appear to be always ereft. 



6. T. sl"l'"">f''- Vifcid Yellow Tofieldia. Purfh n. 3. 

 (Narthecium glutinofum ; Michaux Bor.-Amer. v. i. 210.) 

 — Clufter ovate, denfe. Flower-ftalks glutinous, rough, 

 the length of the corolla. Anthers prominent, orbicular. 

 — Gathered by Mr. Menzies on the weft coaft of North 

 America. Michaux fays his plant is foiuid from Quebec 

 to lake Miftaflins. There is no room to fuppofe the latter 

 different from our's, though the Narthecium glutinofum of 

 Mr. Gawler, Curt. Mag. t. 1505, is very decidedly fo, being 

 a real and evident Narthecium, not, like Michaux's, a To- 



Jieldia. Purfli calls it N. americanum, p. 227, which name, 

 though not one of the beft, we would lubllitute for glutino- 

 fum in our article Narthecium, the plant not being glu- 

 tinous. All reference to Michaux and his obfervations in 

 that place are to be erafed. The plant is, according to 

 Purfli, a native of boggy fields and woods, on the pine- 

 barrens, as they are termed, of New Jerfey, flowering in 

 June and July. 



Our Tofieldia glutinofa has a tuberous horizontal root, with 

 long fimple fibres. Stem a foot high, angular, roughifh all 

 over with ftiort glandular hairs, efpecially for two inches 

 from the funimit. Leaves few, almoft entirely radical, four 

 or five inches long, narrow, ribbed, fmooth, except a little 

 roughnefs towards the point. Clufler about an inch in 

 length, of twelve or fourteen pale-yellow_/?owfrj, on hairy 

 vifcid ftalks, about a quarter of an inch long, fometimes in 

 pairs, having at the bafe one or two acute bralteas, one- 

 third that length. Lobes of the talyx (hallow. Petals 

 obovate, rather fliorter than the llameus. Anthers purplifti, 



nearly 



