T O M 



TOM 



fame fource. Authors defcribe tlie tree as lofty, with largo 

 branches, and a thick greyifli bark ; the /eaves like thofe of 

 the Carob. If fo, they are pinnate, as the natural order of 

 the genus fhould indicate ; but of which Dr. Woodville 

 feems not to have been aware. The Jloivers in his figure 

 are racemofe. All we can make out refpedling the cha- 

 racters of this tree confirm the account of Mutis, of its 

 clofe afBnityto Myroxtlon, fee that article, fp. i ; the 

 long-ftalked germen of the latter appearing to be the only 

 difference which is even obliquely hinted. The generic 

 name of Toluifera therefore, though the mod ancient, (hould 

 give way to Myroxylon, as the molt comprehenfive. 



T. cochinehinenjis, Loureir. Cochinch. 262, having fimple 

 leaves, and a berry with one or two feeds, (hould feem, as 

 Poiret obferves, in Lamarck's Didl. v. 7. 696, to be very 

 different from the original Toluifera, and more probably a 

 Bur/era. 



Toi^UlFERA, in Gardening, comprifes a plant of the 

 exotic tree kind for the flove, of which the fpecies cultivated is 

 the balfani of Tolu tree (T. balfamum). 



Method of Cnllure This tree is raifed from feeds, which 



fhould be obtained from its native fituation, and be fown as 

 foon as poffible afterwards in pots of light earth, plunging 

 them in the bark-bed of the ftove. When the plants have 

 three or four inches growth, they fliould be potted off 

 feparately, giving them water, and replunging them in the 

 bed. They afterw;u-ds only require to be managed as other 

 woody ftove plants. 



They afford variety in ftove and hot-houfe coUeftions 

 among other potted plants. A balfara of great ufe in me- 

 dicinal compofitions is extrafted and prepared from this tree. 



TOLZ, in Geography, a town of Bavaria ; 24 miles S. 

 of Munich. 



TOM, a river of Ruffia, which rifes 80 miles S.E. of 

 Kufnetz, in the government of Kolivan, and runs into the 

 Oby, 32 miles W.N.W. of Tomflv. N. lat. 56° 40'. 



E. long. 84° 14' Alfo, a river of China, which runs into 



the Heng, 5 miles S. of Heng-chan. 



Tom ZU, a town of the Arabian Irac, on the Tigris ; 118 

 miles S.E. of Bagdat. 



TOMADjEORUM Insul^t, in Ancknt Geography, 

 iflands fituated in the Arabian gulf. Ptol. 



TOMiEUS, amountainof the Peloponnefus, in Meffenia, 

 near the promontory Coryphafium. Thucydides. 



TOMAHABI, in Geography, a town of Peru ; 60 miles 

 S. of Potofi. 



TOMAN, or Todman, a kind of imaginary money ufed 

 among the Perfians in the keeping of their books, and to 

 facilitate the reduftion of money in the payment of con- 

 fiderable fums. 



The toman contains 50 abaflis, 100 mamoodis, 200 

 fhatrees, 1000 dinars bifli, or 10,000 dinars fimple. The 

 toman and dinar are imaginary monies. An abaffi is worth 

 2 mamoodis, 4 (hatrees, 40 kabefquis, 20 dinars bifti, or 200 

 dinars. 



D'Herbelot derives the word from the language of the 

 Moguls, where it fignifies the number of ten thoufand. 

 Eben Arabfchah fays, that the word touman, when ufed to 

 exprefs a weight, or money, contains ten thoufand filver 

 Arab drachmas, called mehlhal ; wliich are a third lighter 

 than the Attic. 



The Moguls, &c. frequently ufe toman for ten thoufand 

 men ; and fay, e. gr. that the city Samarcand contains feven 

 tomans of people fit to bear arms ; and that of Andechan 

 nine tomans. 



TOMANI, in Geography, a kingdom of Africa, fituated 

 on the fide of the river Gambia, W. of Kantor. 



TOMANANISA, a town of Japan, in the ifland of 

 Niphon ; 75 miles W. of Meaco. 



TOMAR, a circar of Bengal, bounded on the N. by 

 Sillce, on the E. by Pachete, on the S.E. by Singboom, 

 and on the W. by Nagpour ; about 20 miles long from N. 



to S., and from 10 to 20 broad Alfo, a town of Bengal, 



and chief place of a circar of the fame name ; 145 miles 

 W. of Calcutta. N. lat. 23° 10'. E. long, ^f 53'. 



ToMAR. See Thomar. 



TOMAR A, in Ancient Geography, a town of India, on 

 this fide of the Ganges. Ptol. 



TOMARE, a mountain on the confines between Thef- 

 protia and Chaonia, two countries of Epirus. 



TOMATO, in Botany, a word whofc origin we have not 

 afcertained, is the name of the Love-apple, or Solanum Lyco- 

 perjieum. See Solanum. 



TOMB, in Geography. See TuMB. 



Tomb, includes both the grave or fepulchre, wherein a 

 defuntl is interred, and a monument erefted to preferve'his 

 memory. 



The word is formed from the Greek, ivju-Go.:, tumulus, 

 fepulchre; or, according to Menage, from the Latin, lumia, 

 which fignifies the fame. 



Among the Romans, none but the emperors, veftals, and 

 perions fignalized by great atlions, were allowed to have 

 tombs in the cities, the i-efl were all in the country, near 

 the high roads ; whence thofe common words, Sifie, i^ abi, 

 •viator, which are ftill retained in the infcriptions of our 

 monuments, though fet up in churches, &c. 



At Anchiale was anciently fcen the tomb of Sardana- 

 palus, with this infcription in verfe : " Sardanapalus built 

 Anchiale and Tarfus in one day ; go paffenger, eat, 

 drink, and be merry ; the reft is nothing." Strab. Geo. 

 lib. 14. 



The Romans had a kind of empty tomb, called cenola- 

 phium, an honorary tomb, in which tlic body of the deceafed 

 was not laid. See Cenotaph. 



The occafion of this was a fuperftitious notion, that the 

 fouls of thofe who had not funeral honours, wandered a 

 hundred years by the banks of the rivers of hell, before 

 they were admitted to pafs over. The jcsiolaifiov being 

 made, the fame ceremonies were praftifed as at real 

 funerals. 



The cenotaphia were infcribed with the words ob hono- 

 rein, or mcynorls facrum, whereas other tombs in which the 

 afhes were really depofited, were infcribed D. M. S. q. d. 

 facred to the manes. When the words taoito amine were 

 added, it declared the afhes enclofed therein belonged to a 

 perfon infamous for fome crime. 



ToMB-S/onw, CharaHers on. See Character. 



ToMB-^/on(?j-, Epitaphs on. See Epitaph. 



TOMBA, in Geography, a river of Peru, which runs 

 into the Pacific ocean, S. lat. 17° 50'. 



•TOMBAC, a name given by the French to a yello\y 

 metal, very nearly approaching to what we call Prince's 

 metal, and made by mixing and fufing together a large 

 quantity of zinc with a fmaller of copper. See Gold- 

 coloured Metal. 



TOMBACONDA, in Geography, a town of the king- 

 dom of Burfalli. N. lat. 13° 56'. W. long. 14° 57'. 



TOMBALY Point, a cape on the weft coaft of Africa. 

 N. lat. 10° 48'. W. long. 4° 36'. 



TOMBAY, a town of Pegu ; 6 miles S. of Pegu. 



TOMBEBQiUF, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Lot and Garonne ; 1 2 miles N. W. of Villeneuve 

 d'Agen. 



7 TOMBI, 



