TOM 



TOM 



fcreiit fafliion ; the lines being from two to five in nunnber, 

 cut on each cheek-bone, from the temple ftraight down- 

 wards : they are alfo llained with blue. Thefe incifions 

 being made on the faces of both fexes when they are about 

 twelve months old, the dyeing material which is inferted 

 in them becomes fcarcely vifible as they grow up. The 

 ornaments of the natives are fimilar to thofe which arc 

 generally found among favage tribes. It does not appear 

 that they hold any public exercife of religion, or have 

 any houfe of worfhip, or ever meet to pray, though fome 

 ceremony, feemingly religious, was obferved at the burial 

 of the dead : but Adams was probably not a very accurate 

 inquirer into thefe matters. Park defcribes the natives of 

 Soudan as faying a prayer on the appearance of the new 

 moon ; and if the religious obfervances of thefe people were 

 fo rare of occurrence, it is not furprizing that they efcaped 

 the feaman's notice. 



Adams fays that he faw no fhops at Tombuftoo. The 

 articles bought for fale, which coniifted chiefly of tobacco, 

 tar, gunpowder, blue nankeens, blankets, earthen jars, and 

 fome filks, are obtained from the Moors, and remain in the 

 king's houfe until difpofed of. The only other objefts of 

 trade feemed to be (laves. Gunpowder appeared to be more 

 valuable than gold, fince a greater weight of the former 

 was given in a barter of the two articles. The exports of 

 this people were chiefly gold-duft, ivory, gum, cowries, 

 oftrich-feathers, and goat-fliins, the latter ftained red and 

 yellow. Slaves were procured by purchafe, and alfo by 

 predatory incurfions into neighbouring ftates. The king 

 of Tombuftoo feemed to be defpotic, but the government 

 was mildly exercifed ; he and his wife were old and grey- 

 headed : blue nankeen, adorned with gold lace, formed the 

 ufual drefs of both ; and the queen was accuftomed to fit 

 and look at Adams and Stevens for hours together. The 

 palace confifted fimply of eight or ten fmall rooms on a 

 ground-floor, not even \\'hite-wa(hed, and built of clay and 

 grafs. To the furprife of the African committee, Adams 

 did not recoUeft to have heard there of the Joliba river, a 

 fubjeft of fuch interefting refearch : but we fhould confider 

 that the fame river would probably pafs under different 

 appellations in the territories of different flates. The name 

 of La Mar Zarah clofely correfpouds with that of the Zayr, 

 or Congo river, prefumed by Park to be the termination of 

 the Niger in the Atlantic ocean : but the diflance from 

 Tombudloo to that mouth renders it highly improbable that 

 the river Ihould preferve its name throughout. It fhould 

 be added, alfo, that the Tombuftoo river is fuppofed to fall 

 into the Niger at twelve miles diftance from that town ; yet 

 the breadth afcribcd to it by Adams will not allow us to 

 confider it as a merely fubfidiary flream. The editor 

 draws two fimple conclufions from this information relative 

 to Tombuftoo ; the one, he fays, propitious, and the other 

 adverfe to the progrefs of difcovery and civilization : -viz. 

 " the mild and traftable manners of the Pagan Negroes of 

 Soudan, and their friendly deportment towards ftrangers," 

 on the one hand ; — and on the other, " the extended and 

 baneful range of that original feature of African fociety — 

 Slavery." 



TOME, a fmall ifland near the wefl coafl of France. 

 N. lat. 48° 50'. W. long. 3° 24'. 



Tome, to/xo?, a bound book or writing that makes a 

 volume. 



TOMEION, formed from 7oy.v, feB'wn, a general name 

 ufed to exprefs any fharp or cutting inflrument, ufed cither 

 in furgcry or in the mechanic arts. 



TOMELLOSO, in Geography, a town of Spain, in New 

 Caliile ; 58 miles S.E. of Toledo. 



TOMENTOSE Leaf, among Bolanifls. See Leaf. 



TOMENTUM, properly figniiies flocks or locks of 

 wool, but by botanifts is ufed for that foft downy matter 

 ■which grows on the leaves of fome plants, hence denomi- 

 nated tomentofc ; as •uerbafcum tementofum, carduus tomen- 

 tofiis, l^c. 



ToMENTUM Cerebri, in Anatomy, the flocculeat internal 

 furface of the pia mater, with its waving produdlions be- 

 longing to the intervals of the convolutions. The veffels, 

 which enter the cerebral fubflance, give to the whole a 

 completely villous appearance : it is befl feen when the 

 veffels have been injeAed, and the membrane floats in 

 water. 



TOMEPENDA, in Geography, a town of South Ame- 

 rica, in the audience of Quito ; 5 miles S.E. of Jaen de 

 Bracamoros. 



TOMERIT, a mountain of European Turkey, vu 

 Albania ; 1 2 miles E. of Dulcigno. 



TOMEROS, in Ancient Geography, a river of Afia, in 

 Carmania. Arrian. 



TOMERUS, a river of India, W. of the Indus and 

 Arabus, fo named by Nearchus. It had its fource to- 

 wards 27° 20' of lat. traverfed the country of the Oritae, 

 and difcharged itfelf into the fea about 25^ lat. 



TOMESOBI, in Geography, a lake of Lower Canada, 

 whence iffues the branch of the river St. Francis, on the 

 borders of Vermont. 



TOMEX, in Botany, from iomentum, woolly down, al- 

 luding to the pubefcence of the plant. The original Tomen 

 of Linnaeus proving a Callicarpa, fee that article, 

 fp. 3, Thunberg transferred the name to a new Japanefe 

 genus, with which it now remains. Such adaptations of 

 difcarded names are not entirely to be commended, and yet 

 we cannot but think them more allowable than the too fre- 

 quent praftice of Linnasus, of applying ancient Greek or 

 Latin ones to new genera, avowedly different from the 

 original plants, though the latter could not be afcertaiued. 

 — Thunb. Jap. 10. Nov. Gen. 65. Schreb. 315. Willd. 

 Sp. PI. v. 2. 839. Mart. MiU. Dia. v. 4. Jufl". 440. 



Poiret in Lamarck Didl. v. 7. 696 This genus is the 



fame with Tetranthera ; fee that article. 



TOMI, in Ancient Geography, 3 town of Lower Mccfla, 

 towards the mouth of the Danube, near the Euxine fea. 

 This town was confiderable, and was the place of Ovid's 

 exile. It was the metropolis of Pontic Scythia. Accord- 

 ing to this poet, in his tliird book of Trifles, this city was 

 founded by a colony fent thither from Miletus. Tomi 

 wa« declared the metropolis of Scythia under the emperor 

 Theodofius, and it was the fee of the bifhop of that country. 



TOMIAS, T'-uizr, in Antiquity, an appellation given to 

 the facrifice offered at the ratification of folemn leagues. It 

 was fo called becaufe they cut out the tefliclcs of the 

 viftim, and took the oath flanding upon them. 



TOMIDA, in Geography, a town of Japan, in the ifland 

 of Niphon ; J miles S.S.W. of Quano. 



TOMIN, in our Old Writers, a weight of twelve grains, 

 ufed by goldfmiths and jewellers. 



TOMINA, in Geography, a government of Peru, in the 

 viceroyolty of Buenos Ayres, and archbifhopric of La 

 Plata, which begins about iixteen leagues fouth-eafl from 

 the city of La Plata. The climate here is hot, and confe- 

 quently its produftions are fuch as are common to hot 

 countries. Some parts have vineyards, and in others are 

 made confiderable quantities of fugar. It alfo abounds in 

 cattle and fheep. Its extent in fome parts is near forty 

 leagues. The vicinity of fome free Indians is a continual, 

 iineafmefs to the towns in this Jiurifdiiftion, and even to the 



city 



