TON 



TON 



different kinds, mod of which were brought from Tartary. 

 It was a pleaftng circumftaiice to obferve, alfo, among other 

 goods, fome Englifh cloths, though in no confiderable quan- 

 tities; 10 miles E. of Peking. N. lat. 40° 56'. E. 

 long. 116° 20'. — Alfo, a city of China, of the fccond rank, 

 in Kiang-nan, at the mouth of the Yang-tfe river ; 347 

 miles S.S.E. of Peking. N. lat. 32°. E. long. 120° 19'. 

 — Alfo, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in Ho-nan ; 

 490 miles S.S.W. of Peking. N. lat. 32° 48'. E. long. 

 1 11° 42'. — Alfo, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 

 Chen-fi, on the river Lo ; 447 miles S.W. of Peking. N. 

 lat. 34° 32'. E. long. 109° 30'. — Alfo, a river of Bcnguela, 

 which runs into the Atlantic, S. bt. 14° 25'. 



TONGA Islands, a clufter of illands in the South 

 Pacific ocean, confifting of the ifland of Tonga, which gives 

 name to the whole of the clufter called Hapaee, and the ifland 

 of Vavao. It is a part of the group to which captain Cook 

 gave the name of Friendly iflands, but he did not include in 

 his chart Vavao or Vavaou, which he did not vifit ; though 

 this is the largeft, and now comparatively the moft important 

 of all thofe belonging to the fame Archipelago, which, in 

 his time, were under the fame government, and ftill fpeak 

 precifely the fame language, and obferve the fame cuftoms. 

 An account has been lately pubhlhed from documents fur- 

 nifhcd by Mr. William Mariner, four years refident in thofe 

 iflands; 2 vols. 8vo. 1817. See Feejee, Friendly, Ha- 

 paee, ToNGATABOo, Vavao, &c. 



TONGATABOO Island, one of the Friendly iflands 

 in the South Pacific ocean, firft difcovered by Tafman, who 

 called it Amfterdam ; feen by captain Cook in the year 

 1773, and vifited by him again in 1777. Tongataboo, or 

 Tonga, is about fixty miles in circuit, fomewhat oblong, 

 though by much broadeft at the E. end ; and its greateft 

 length from E. to W. The fouth fhore is ftraight, and 

 confifts of coral rocks, eight or ten feet high, terminating 

 perpendicularly, except in fome places, where it is inter- 

 rupted by fmall fandy beaches ; on which, at low water, a 

 range of black rocks may be feen. The weft end is not 

 above five or fix miles broad, but has a ftioi-e fomewhat like 

 that of the fouth fide ; whereas the whole north fide is en- 

 vironed with fhoals and iflands, and the fliore within them 

 low and fandy. The eaft fide or end is moft probably like 

 the fouth ; as the fhore begins to alfume a rocky appear- 

 ance towards the north-eaft point, though not above feven 

 or eight feet high. The ifland may with the greateft pro- 

 priety be called a low one, as the trees on the weft part, 

 where captain Cook lay at anchor, only appeared ; and the 

 only eminent part which can be feen from a fhip, is the louth- 

 eaft point ; though many gentle rifing and declining grounds 

 are obfervable by one who is afliore. The general appearance 

 of the country is that of great want of fertility. At a diftance 

 the furface feems entirely clothed with trees of various fizes; 

 foma of which are very large. But above the reft, the tall 

 cocoa-palms always raifed their tufted heads ; and are a very 

 confiderable ornament to any country that produces them. 

 The boogo, which is a fpecies of fig, with narrow pointed 

 leaves, is the largeft tree of the ifland. The winds are, for 

 the moft part, from fome point between fouth and eaft ; and 

 when moderate, are commonly attended with fine weather. 

 The bafis of the ifland, as far as it could be obferved, is en- 

 tirely a coral rock, which is the only fort that prefcnts itfelf 

 on the fhore. Of cultivated fruits, the principal are plan- 

 tains, of which they have fifteen different forts or varieties ; 

 bread-fruit ; two forts of fruit found at Otaheite, and 

 known there under the name of jambu and eeevee, the latter 

 a kind of plum ; and a vaft number of fhaddocks, which 

 Kowever are found as often in a natural rtate as planted. 

 I 



The roots are yams, of which are two forts ; one black, and 

 fo large that it often weighs twenty or thirty pounds ; the 

 other white and long, feldom weighing a pound ; a large 

 root, called kappe ; one not unhke our white potatoes, 

 called mawhaha ; the talo, or coccos of other places ; and 

 another named jeejee. Befides great numbers of cocoa-nut 

 trees, there are three other forts of palms, two of which 

 are very fcarce. The only quadrupeds, befides hogs, are a 

 few rats, and fome dogs, which are not natives of the place, 

 but produced from fome left by captain Cook in the year 

 1773, and by others got from Feejee. Fowls, which are of a 

 large breed, are domefticated here. Amongft the birds are 

 parrots, fomewhat fmaller than the common grey ones, of an 

 indifferent green on the back and wings, the tail blueifh, and 

 the reft of a footy or chocolate brown ; parroquets not 

 larger than a fparrow, of a fine yellowifli-green, with bright 

 azure on the crown of the he.id, and the throat and belly red ; 

 befides another fort as large as a dove, with a blue crown 

 and thighs, the throat and under part of the head crimfon, 

 as alfo part of the belly, and the reft a beautiful green ; owls, 

 cuckoos, king-fifliers, and a bird of the thrufli kind. The- 

 other land birds are rails, fly-catchers, and three forts of 

 pigeons. Of water-fowl, and fuch as frequent the fea, are 

 ducks, blue and white herons, tropic birds, noddies, and 

 white terns. The only noxious or difguiling animals of the 

 reptile or infeft tribe are fea-fnakes, fcorpions, and centi- 

 pedes. The infedls amount to about fifty different forts. 

 The fea abounds with fifli, though the variety is lefs than 

 might be expefted. The moft common forts are mullets, 

 feveral forts of parrot-fifli, filver-fifh, and albicores ; fome 

 fharks, rays, pipe-filh, a fort of pike, and fome curious 

 devil-fifli. The many reefs and flioals on the north fide of 

 the ifland, afford flicker for an endlefs variety of fl>ell-fifli ; 

 amongft which are many that are efteemed precious in 

 Europe, fuch as the hammer-oyfter, of which, however, 

 none could be obtained entire ; a large indentated oyfter and 

 feveral others, but none of the common fort ; panamas j 

 cones ; a fort of gigantic cockle, found alfo in the Eaft 

 Indies ; pearl-fliell oyfters, and many others. There are 

 likewife feveral forts of fea-eggs, and many fine rtar-fifh, 

 befides a confiderable variety of corals, amongft which are 

 two red forts, the one moft elegantly branched, the other 

 tubulous. And there is no lefs variety among the crabs and 

 cray-fifh, which are very numerous. To which may be 

 added, feveral forts of the fponge, the fea-hare, and the like. 

 See Tonga. S. lat. 21° 9'. E. long. 185'= 14'. Cook's 

 Third Voyage, vol. i. 



TONGATORE, a town of Hindooftan, in Golconda ; 

 30 miles S.E. of Hydrabad. 



TONGBLOW, a town of Burmah ; 12 miles from 

 ■Raynangong. 



TONGE, NiEUWE, a town of Holland, in the ifland 

 of Overflakee ; 3 miles 8. of Sommerdyck. 



ToNC.E, Oude, a town of Holland, in the ifland of Over- 

 flakee ; 4 miles S.E. of Sommerdyck. 



TONGELREP, a river of Brabant, which runs into the 

 Dommel, neai- Eyndhoven. 



TONGEREN, or Tongre.s, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Lower Meufe, late in the bifliopric of 

 Liege. This town is ancient, and was formerly governed 

 by dukes. The collegiate church of Tongres is very 

 ancient ; they fay it was the firft on this fide the Alps, built 

 by St. Materne, who was fent by St. Peter to preach the 

 gofpel in Lower Germany, and became the firft bifhop of 

 Tongres ; which was erefted into a diocefe. It has three 

 parifli churches, and feveral religious houfes. The French, 

 in the year 1677, committed a thoufand facrileges and info- 



lencies. 



