TON 



TON 



are on record feveral examples, in which the greater part of 

 this organ was loft, and yet the patients retained the faculties 

 of tailing, mafticating, fwallowing, and articulating words, 

 with confiderable perfeftion. See Mem. Phyfiolog. &c. 

 fur la Langue par M. Louis in Mem. de I'Acad. de Chir. 

 torn. xiv. 



The removal of fcirrhous and farcomatous tumours of 

 the tongue may be moil conveniently accompliflied with a 

 fcalpel and a tenaculum. Encyfted fwellings of this organ 

 are generally of the mcliceris kind, and ought, if poflible, 

 to be diflfefted out, without opening the cyit at all. 



Authors relate examples, in which the tongue has been 

 of extraordinary magnitude, either in confequence of original 

 malformation, or a peculiar fort of difeafe. Excepting the 

 deformity, arifing from the projeftion of the part out of the 

 itioutl), fome of thefe patients experienced no particular in- 

 convenience, as they could fpeak, mafticate, and fwallow 

 tolerably well. Under fuch circumftances, the removal of 

 the redundant portion would not be advifeable ; but if the 

 disfigurement were combined with much inconvenience, the 

 operation would be proper, efpecially as the cut part would 

 be fo forward in the mouth, that the bleeding veflels could 

 be tied. Firft Lines of the Praftice of Surgery, by S. 

 Cooper, edit. 3. 



TonovB-grafiing. See ENGRAFTING. 



ToNGUE-/(V(/, the popular name for a dillemperature of 

 the tongue in children, when it is tied down too clofe to the 

 bottom of the mouth, by a ligament conne£led all along its 

 middle, and called its fraenulum, which requires to be divided 

 to give the tongue its proper motion. 



This is fometimes the cafe in adults, but oftener in chil- 

 dren, who cannot then exert their tongues to fuck. This 

 is, however, by no means fo common as the women ufually 

 imagine ; not fo much as one child in a thoufand being 

 affliSled with it ; nor is the operation in cutting it of httle 

 confequence, fince often bad accidents follow it, and fome- 

 times the lofs of a child's life. When the infant can put its 

 tongue out of its mouth, the frenulum wants no incifion ; 

 but when the tongue cannot be extended beyond the teeth, 

 the operation is neceiTary. 



To perform this, the end of the tongue fliould be covered 

 with a hnen rag, and held with the fingers to prevent its flip- 

 ping, and the ligament of the tongue running between the 

 ranular veins and internal fahval dufts, is to be divided by a 

 pair of obtufe pointed fciffars, till it gives room enough for 

 fucking or fpeaking ; but in doing this, great care muft be 

 taken not to wound the falival dufts, or the proper veins and 

 arteries of the tongue ; for children have been known to 

 perifll upon the fpot from cutting the ranular veins in this 

 operation. Midwives often tear this ligament with their 

 fingers as foon as the child is born ; but this is a dangerous 

 praftiee. Heifter. See Infants. 



Tongue of Fjfh. All fifh have either a perfect tongue, or 

 the rudiments of one, in their mouth ; but this organ is very 

 different in the various fpecies, in its figure, mobility, and 

 other qualities and properties ; as to the figure, it is in fome 

 pointed before, as in the clupese ; in others it is rounded in 

 this part, as the perch and clarias have it ; and in others it 

 is fomewhat bifid, as in the pike. In fome it is fmooth on 

 the upper part, as in the gadi, cyprini, and mackarel ; in 

 others it is rough and dentated in this part, as in the falmon, 

 mullet, &c. In many fifh, the tongue is immoveable, ad- 

 hering firmly to the bottom of the mouth, as in the perch, 

 cyprinus, and, indeed, in the greater part of filh ; in others 

 it is loofe, as in the whale. 



In the cetaceous fifh, the tongue being loofe, as in quad- 

 rupeds, it is ufed by the animal in the fame manner ; but 



Vol. XXXVI. 



in other fiflies it is of no ufe in the moving of the food ibout 

 in the mouth, nor is it the genuine organ of tjjfte, being in 

 many a cartilaginous fubftance, and therefore not proper 

 for receiving the notices of that fenfe. The principal ufe of 

 the tongue in thefe fifh feems to be in its ferving as an afiift- 

 ant organ of fwallowing, its being more elevated than the 

 other parts of the mouth, rendering it fit for the tofling of 

 the food down the throat. The true ufe of the tongue im 

 thofe fifh which have it dentated is, that it ferves to retain 

 tlie prey from running out of the mouth, and afterwards in 

 the fwallowing of it : what renders them more fit for this ufe 

 is, that they have always the prickles turning inwards. It 

 is the opinion of Mr. Ray, that the tongues of the cartila- 

 ginous kinds have fome fenfe of taftc, and this is more pro- 

 bable, than that the more hard and rigid ones fliould have any 

 fuch fenfe. Artedi de Pifcib. See Fish. 



Tongue efa Miijele. What is vulgarly called the tongue 

 in this fifli from its fhape, is truly an organ, by means of 

 which it fpins a fort of threads in the manner of fpiders ©r 

 caterpillars, to fix itfelf to the rocks by. See Muscle- 

 Tongue, in the Manege. The aid of the tongue or voice, 

 is a fort of agreeable clacking, or a certain found formed by 

 the cavalier, in flriking his tongue againft the roof of his 

 mouth, when he means to animate the horfe, and fuftain 

 hiiTi, and make him work well in the manege. See Aid. 



Tongue, To fivalloiv the. A horfe is faid to draw in, or 

 fwaUow his tongue, when he turns it down his throat, whicli 

 makes him wheeze as if he were (hort-winded. This fault 

 is cured by giving him a bit with a liberty for the tongue. 



Tongue, Serpent's, in Rotany. See Addeb's Tongue. 



Tongues, Serpents', in Natural Hijlory. See Serpents' 

 Tongues, and Glossoptera. 



Tongue, in Maji-making, the taper part at the lower end 

 of a fpindle, or of a fcarf. In Rigging, a {hort piece of 

 rope fpliced into the upper part of ftanding-backftays, fice. 

 to the fize of the top-maft -heads ; it is ferved over with 

 fpun-yarn, and its ufe is to keep them open to the fize of 

 the maft -heads. 



Tongues, Cenfujlon of. See Confusion. 



Tongue, in Geography, a town of Scotland, on the north 

 coaft of the county of Sutherland, fituated on a bay called 

 the Kyle of Tongue. N. lat. 58^ 27'. W. long. 4° 14'. 



Tongue Ifland, a fniall ifland in the Mergui Archipelago. 

 N. lat. 9° 52'. 



TONGUEY. See Tanguey. 



TONGUNEMEW, a town of Birmah ; 35 miles S. of 

 Raynangong. 



TONGURAHUA, a town of South America, in the 

 province of Quito ; 20 miles E.N.E. of Riobamba. 



TONGUSY Tartars. See Tunguses. 



TONHOF, a lake of Norway, in the province of Ag- 

 gerhuus ; 55 miles N.W. of Chriiliania. 



TONIATO, a fmall ifland in the St. Lau»ence. N. lat. 

 44° 30'. W. long. 75° 53'. 



TONIC, TMino;-, formed from tjihiv, toflretch, in Medicine^ 

 is applied to a certain motion of the mufcles, in which the 

 fibres being extended, continue their extenfion in fuch man- 

 ner, as that the part feems immoveable, though in reaBty it 

 be in motion. See Muscle. 



Such is the cafe of a man ftanding, of birds planing or 

 fwimming through the air, &c. Galen fays, that the mufcfes 

 aft even when at reft ; for after having made any contraftion 

 to fix themfelves in a certain ftate or difpofition, the preferv- 

 ing of that contraftion is what we call the tonic motion. 



Tonic, in Mujic. See Genus. 



Tonic Jlccent. See Accent. 



TONICAL Echo. See Echo. 



D TONICHI, 



