TON 



TON 



G. The 6th is in the key of C natural, afcending com- 

 plete ; and with a flat to B in the key of F, defcending ; 

 the 8th with one &irp would be in G, and with two (harps 

 in D major. But thefe were licences which no one thought 

 of, or at leaft had the courage to practife, till counterpoint 

 began to gain ground. And even then, the mufica Jida, or 

 falfe mufic, as that in tranfpofed keys was called, no one 

 dared to write till btely. Even the orthodox and good 

 Padre MartiHi, at length vanquifhed his fears of the impiety 

 of uflng an. accidental flat or {harp in the inward parts of 

 canto fermo. 



Lorente, author of the famous Spaniib treatife called 

 " El porque de la Mufica," without which Geminiani 

 made Dr. Worgan believe it impoffible for any one to 

 underftand counterpoint, has written the fcales of the eight 

 tones as we have done ; but has not ventured to harmonize 

 them, as accidental (harps and flats mull have been expre(red 

 or underftood in the additional parts. 



TONSA, in Geography, a river of European Turkey, 

 which runs into the Mariza, near Adrianople. 



TONS.£, among the Romans, the blades of oars, or that 

 part of them which beats againft the water. 



TONSBERG, in Geography, a feaporttowa of Norway, 

 in the province of Aggerhuus, fituated on a bay ot the 

 Baltic ; built upwards of 800 years (ince. It formerly con- 

 tained nine churches, but now has only two. The inhabitants 

 carry on a confiderable trade in furs and butter. In the 

 year 1536, it was laid in a(hes by the Swedes, (ince which, 

 it has greatly declined ; 42 miles S. of Chriftiania. N. lat. 

 59^ 23'. E. long. 10° 12'. 



TONSELLA, in Botany, a name made by Schreber, 

 eut of the TorJeka of Aublet, which is itfelf taken from the 

 Caribbean appellation of the fame flirub, Ravoua-tonulk. 

 Schreber perhaps meant to give the word a claflical air, by 

 approaching it either to Ton/a, an oar, or Tonjiila, a mooring 

 poft, or a cable, for which indeed there feems ho foundation 

 in any recorded ufe of the plant. Poflibly he might have in 

 \iew tonfU'u, a word applied to the bos, or oth;r trees fit 

 for clipping. This idea is, however, ne lefs inapplicable 



to our TonfcUa than the former Schreb. Gen. ^4. WiUd. 



Sp. PL V. I. 194, Vahl. Enum. v. 2. 29. iSIart. MiU. 

 Diet. V. 4, (Tontelea; Aubl. Guian. v. "i. 31. Jv;fr.436. 

 Lamarck lUuftr. t. 26.) — Clafs and order, Trlandria Mo- 

 nogynki. Nat. Ord. uncertain, Juff. — It feems akin to 

 Euonymus, and therefore probably belongs to his Rhamni. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, bell- 

 ftiaped, permanent, in five deep, ovate, acute fegments. 

 Cor. Petals five, ovate, thick, permanent, longer than the 

 calyx, inferted into the receptacle. Nectary cup-(haped, 

 entire, furroimding the germen. Stan. Filaments three, 

 thread-(haped, reflexed, inferted into the infid^ of the 

 nedary, rather (horter than the petals ; anthers roundKh. 

 Pyi. Germen fuperior, roundifti, furrounded by the nectary ; 

 ftyle cylindrical, ihorter than the ftamens ; ftigrma fimple. 

 Peri:. Berry fpherical, feated on the permanent ca'.ys and 

 coroUa, of one celL SutL four. 



E(r. Ch. Calyx in five deep fegments, permanent. 

 Petals five. Nectary cup-lhaped. Berry of one cell, with 

 fous feeds. 



Obf. Juffieu appears to have been undetermined about 

 the natural aSinity of this genus, from having precon- 

 ceived the germen to be inferior, which it furely is not. 



l.T.fcandtn:. Climbing Tonfella. Willd. n. i. Vahl. 

 Symb. V. 2. 17? (T. fcabra ; Vahl. Enum. n. i. Ton- 

 telea fcandens ; Aubl. Guian. 31. t. ic.) — Leaves pointed, 

 entire. Branches round, warty. — Gathered by Aublet in 

 tht fore&s of Guana, near the river" of Sbemari, thirty 



leagues above its mouth ; flowering in October. — Von 

 Rohr is faid to have found the fame in the idand of 

 Trinidad. The former terms it 3. JhrJj, cHmbing to the 

 tops of the loftieft trees, and covering them with its oppo- 

 fite, repeatedly compou:3d hranchts, which at length become 

 pendent, even to the ground. In his own fpecimen before 

 us they are (lender, roiuid, covered with minute warts 

 burfting through the cuticle, and bear feveral (hort oppo- 

 fite (hoots, leafy at the extremity. We find no fign of 

 hairinefs. The Isa^ats are oppofite, on thick, channelled, 

 fmooth ftalks elliptical, - entire, two or three inches long, 

 with a (hort blunt point ; they are (mooth on both fides, 

 coriaceous, rather Ihining, with one rib, and many reticu- 

 lated veins. Flov;srs green, very fmaU, about the ends of 

 the branches, in partly terminal, partly axillary, fmall 

 clufters, whofe partial ftalks are oppofite. 



Vahl defcribe* the plant of Vou Rohr as a Int, whofe 

 branches have a purplilh roughiQi bark, and are hairy ia 

 their upper part. The lea^sts are roujhifti on both fides; 

 their veins villous at the back. Flrrj-cr-jhilhs downy. Calyx 

 and petals hoary ; the latter fringed. We have feca no Ipe. 

 cimens of this, nor indeed of the Jlizuers of Aublet's plant, 

 but we car.not help fuppoiing they may be difiFerent ipecies, 

 though we do not feel authorized to define them as fuch. 



2. T. afri^ar.a. Toothed African Tonfella. WiUd. 

 n. 2. Vahl, n. 3. — " Leaves obtule, with glandular teefh." 

 — Native of Guinea. — Similar to T. fcar.dsns, but different, 

 having fmaUer and obtufe Uavfs, iurai{hed with very diilant 

 glandular teeth ; a larger corolla, and feflile anthers. Berry, 

 according to Vahl, the fize of an apricot, fmooth, orange- 

 coloured, globular with three flight angles, and from fix to 

 ten feeds. 



3. T.angulofa. EntireUeaved African Tonfella — Leaves 

 pointed, entire. Branches angular, (jnooth. — ^Brought from 

 Sierra Leone, by profeffor Afzelius. The dried fpecimeas 

 are of a peculiarly fr^ih light green, and quite (inooth. 

 Branches with four, not very prominent, angles, (lender 

 and wavy. Leaver two and a halt inches long, eUiptical, 

 with a linear blunt p<3int, quite entire, veiny. ' Fh^ers 

 fmall, green, in I'mall, asillarv, ftalked tufts, whofe common 

 ftalks, like the footfialks, are about a quarter of an inch 

 long. Fruit the nze of a pea, apparently a tough-coated 

 berry. 



4. T. decuJTata. Crofs-branched Tonfella. Vahl. n. ;. 

 (" Anthodon decuffatum ; Fl. Peruv. v. i. 45. t. 74. f. i.") 

 — " Leaves oblong-ovate, obtufely ferrated, poLlhed. Pani- 

 cles forked." — Native of woods upon the Andes. A 



Jhrub, with crofllng greyKh copious bran:hes ; purplKh 

 when young. Leefoes pointed; fmooth on both fides, on 

 twifted ftalks. Fh^er-Jialhs oppofite, fquare, (horter than 

 the leav^, compound, forked. Fh-^-ers (mail, yellow. 

 Fruit vmknown, but the afnnity of the plant to T- jcandeitt 

 has induced Vahl to place it ia the fame genus. 



5. T. fenegalenfis. • Senegal Tonfella. VahL n. 4. 

 (Hipf>ocratea fenegalenfis ; Lamarck Illuftr. v. i. loi.) 

 — " Loaves oblong, pointed, finooth, pohihed ; ferrated 

 towards the extremity. Stalks crowded, iingle-flowered. 



Branches rough." — Native of Senegal Branches alternate, 



de-Utate of hairinefs. Leaves about an inch long, ^vith a 

 bluntifh point, half as long as the nail, their margins ob- 

 fcurely ferrated, and appearing under a magmfier to be 

 bordered with a yellow thickened line. Flo^-er-fialks ca- 

 pillary, about tialf an inch long, numerous, from a (hort 

 axillary tubercle. Petals linear, fmooth. 



6. T. madjgafcarunfu. Madagafcar To:ifella. Vahl. 

 n. 5. (Hippocratea madagafcarienfis ; Lamarck Illufb'. 

 V. 1. IGI.)— *" Leaves lanceolate-oblong, pointed, fmooth, 



polifhed, 



