TOO 



TOO 



from the country refidence of his friend. Of this work, 

 founded on his letter to Mr. Dunning, already mentioned, 

 the moft prominent fubjeft of difciuTion was the deriva- 

 tion of conjimftions and prepofitions from verbs and nouns, 

 whence they acquired a determinate meaning, often different 

 from that which has been arbitrarily impofed upon them. 

 This work attracted the notice of philologifts, and gave to 

 the author a high rank among writers on the philofophy of 

 language. (See Grammar.) Politics, however, diverted 

 his attention from fuhjefts of this nature; and in 1788, 

 he publiined " Two Pair of Portraits," the tigures in 

 which were the two Pitts, and the two Foxes, of the paft 

 and prefent generations. The firll name was ftrongly il- 

 luminated, and the latter thrown into a dark (hade. He 

 might probably, however, at a later period, have adopted 

 a different mode of colouring. In 1790 he oppofed 

 Mr, Fox and lord HoOd at the eleftion of reprefentatives 

 in parliament for Weftminfter ; and profefling himfelf un- 

 connefted with party, and determined neither to open a 

 houfe nor to give away a fingle cockade, he polled near 

 1700, without felicitation or corruption. On occafion of his 

 defeat, he prefented a petition to the houfe, in fupport of 

 which he freely indulged himfelf in very bitter farcaftic in- 

 veftive. In the year 1 794 he was brought to a trial, under 

 the charge of high treafon. During the progrefs of this 

 trial, he maintained the moft perfeft compofure and felf- 

 poffeflion ; and as he had little to apprehend after the pre- 

 vious acquittal of Hardy, the jury brought in their verdift 

 of " not guilty," after being only eight minutes out of 

 court. In confequence, however, of this trial, he became 

 more cautious in his conduft, and declined the vifits at 

 Wimbledon, where he refided, of perfons known to be 

 violent in their principles and conduit. Upon the death of 

 Mr. Tooke of Purley, he inherited, in confequence of a 

 previous agreement, half of the property left by that gen- 

 tleman to his nephew. In 1796 he offered himfelf again 

 as a candidate for Weftminfter, and fuffered a fecond de- 

 feat, after having polled 2819 votes. He was chargeable, 

 however, with fosne inconfiftency in the acceptance of a feat, 

 in 1801, for the noted borough of Old Sarum, on the nomi- 

 nation of lord Camelford. Some attempts were made to 

 exclude him, under the plea of his being a clergyman ; but 

 a compromife being propofed by the minifter, Mr. Adding- 

 ton, by determining the future ineligibility of perfons in 

 holy orders, he retained his feat till the diffolution of par- 

 liament. Having pubHfhed by fubfcription a fecond edi- 

 tion in 4to. of his " Diveriions of Purley," a fecond part 

 in 4to. appeared in 1805, in which he chiefly adverted to 

 etymology, and to adjeftives and participles, and their 

 formation, intermixing fatirical ftriftures upon fome literary 

 charafters of note. From this time his bodily infirmities, 

 occafioned by a diforder to which he had been long fubjeft, 

 increafed, though he retained his faculties in full vigour, 

 and continued to enjoy life. His temper was little af- 

 fefted by mental or phyfical evil, and " no one more ftrenu- 

 oufly maintained," fays one of his biographers, " the 

 balance of good in human exiftence." — " His latter days," 

 fays the fame writer, " were cheered by eafy circumftanccs, 

 and the attention of many friends, whom he entertained 

 vjrith great hofpitality, and amufed by his converfation, 

 which was Angularly pleafant and lively. With an unaltered 

 brow, he could be either facetious or farcaftic, and his 

 features feldom difclofed what was paffmg within. His 

 manners were poliftied, and his appearance was that of a 

 gentleman of the old fchool." His hfe at length termi- 

 nated, by tedious and continued decay, in March r8i2, in 

 the 77th year of his age. As he was never married, his 



property was bequeathed to his natural children. Stephens's 

 Memoirs of John Home Tooke. 



TOOKOOK, in Geography, a town on the W. coaft of 

 Borneo. S. lat. 2° 24'.* E. long. 109° 46'. 



TOOLAJEE, a town of Hmdooftan, in Guzerat ; 20 

 miles S. of Gogo, 



TOOLEN, or Tullen, (i. f. the Ifle of Seals,) a 

 fmall ifland in the Cafpian fea, near the W. coaft. N. lat. 

 44° 14'. 



TOOLIAPOUR, a town of Hindooftan, in the country 

 of Dowlatabad ; 45 miles E.S.E. of Periiida. N. lat. 

 18^ 20'. E. long. 76° 35'. 



TOOLLY, a town of Hindooftan, in Goondwana ; 

 10 miles W. of Coomtah. 



TOOLMEDIN, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar 

 of Bopal ; 2J miles S.W. of Bopaltol. 



TOOLS, fimple and popular inftruments, ufed in the 

 more obvious operations, and particularly in the making of 

 other more complex inftruments. 



The term fool is particularly ufed- by canal-makers, for 

 a kind of ftrong curved fpade or fliovel employed in canal- 

 works. 



Tools are divided into edge-tools., fpr'ing^taoh, pointed- 

 tools, &c. 



Mr. Parkes, in the fourth volume of his " Chemical 

 Effays," has given a hiltory of the origin and progreffive 

 improvement of edge-tools, and an account of the materials 

 of which they were conftrufted. It appears from Goguet's 

 " Origin of Laws," to which he refers, that as many of 

 the ancient nations had no knowledge of iron, they ufed 

 ftones, flints, the horns and bones of various animals, the 

 bones and fliells of fifti, reeds, and thorns for every purpofe 

 in which the moderns now ufe edge-tools of iron and fteel. 

 Spears and other inftruments for exterminating wild beafts, 

 and even implements of agriculture, were formerly made 

 with gold and filver ; and inftead of thefe was afterwards 

 fubftituted copper, as a metal more eafily to be procured 

 than malleable iron. The abundance of celts and other an- 

 cient inftruments, found in various parts of the globe, 

 ftiews that copper and brafs were formerly in very general 

 ufe. From the prodigious number of copper inftruments 

 of different kinds and fizes, which hav£ been found in this 

 country, fuch as axes, fwords, fpear-heads, arrow-heads, 

 &c. known among antiquaries by the general name of celts, 

 it is evident that our anceftors were well acquainted with the 

 art of forming metallic copper in any way which they thought 

 proper ; whereas the ufe of metalhc iron is comparatively 

 of late introduftion. At the time of the firft Roman invafion, 

 this metal was fo rare, that the Britons fabricated their 

 money with it, and even their ornamental trinkets. But 

 the Romans having made themfelves mafters of the country, 

 eftabliflied imperial founderies for making iron, and con- 

 ftrufted forges for manufafturing fpears, lances, battle-axes, 

 and implements of every kind, in different parts of the 

 kingdom. (See Caefar, de Bell. Gall. lib. v. c. 12. Henry's 

 Hift. of Britain, vol. ii. p. 139, 140.) At the battle of 

 Hamilton, in 1402, the repulfe of the Scots appears to 

 have been entirely owing' to the excellent temper of the arrows 

 which were employed by the Englifli army. Swords alfo 

 were then in ufe, and Sheffield was, even then, famous for 

 its cutlery. Table-knives, it is faid, were firft made in 

 London in 1563, by one Thomas Matthews of Fleet-bridge. 



Good edge-tools cannot be made without fteel ; and of 

 this there are various forts ( fee Steel ) ; fuch as bliftered, 

 ftiear, fpur, ftar, and caft fteel ; befides which there is a 

 kind of German fteel, made immediately from the iron ore, 

 by fimple fufions. (See alfo Wootz.) The cheapeft 

 E 2 edge= 



