TOR 



TOR 



tip of the feathers being of that colour : the tail is long and 

 of a reddilh-orange colour, and the under-feathers of the 

 •wrings are of the fame hue ; the females are of a lefs elegant 

 colour than the males, viz. a moufe-colour, variegated with 

 white on the back, and aih-colour on the belly : what is 

 yellow in the male birds, is alio verr pale in the females : it is 

 not uncommon in Germanjr, and mav be taught, like the 

 ftarlins, to imitate the human voice. Rar. 



TO'RDYLIUM, in Batanr, r^h\iz^ of the Greeks, pro- 

 bablvthe verv plant of Diofcoridss, is luppoledbv Liauius 

 to owe its name to the neat orbicular figure of its feeds, 

 which feem as if artificially wrought, or turned. The fame 

 idea is hinted bv Bodxus a Stapel, in his edition of Theo- 

 phraftus, 1125 ; but Linnaeus appears to have been more 

 particularly led by Ambrofinus, to refolve the word into 

 ■n=yn;, a taming lathe, and A^jr, to turn. The latter feems 

 luperfluous. De Theis is diffatisfied with this etymology. 

 We can only fav, in its fupport, that thofe philologitls who 

 have not traced the word to its origin, neverthelels confider 



it as applying particularly to the feid of the plant Linn. 



Gen. 130. Schreb. 181. Willd. Sp. PL v. i. 1381. Mart. 

 MiU. Did. V. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 294. Prodr. Fl. Gnec. 

 Sibta. V. I. iSo. Ail. Hort. Kew. v. 2. 124- Spresg. 

 Prodr. Umbellif. 11. Juff. 224. Toum. t. 170. Lamarck 

 niuftr. t. 193. Gsrtn. t. 21. — Clafs and order, Peniaitdria 

 Digrnia. Nat. Ord. UmbfUifere. 



Gea. Ch. General Und>:l of many unequal rays ; partial 

 of many unequal very ihort ones, flat. General Ini-Aucrum 

 of feveral Deader undivided leaves, moilly as long as the um- 

 bel ; partial unequal, exceeding the partial umbel in length 

 at its outCde. Perianth of five teeth. Cor. Unroerfal irre- 

 gular, radiant ; all the florets fertile ; partial of the difc with 

 five equal petals, whofe inflesed points render them heart- 

 ihaped ; of the raJiiu fimilar, but its outermoft petals are 

 very large, and deeply divided. Stam. in all the florets. 

 Filaments five, capillary ; anthers fimple, roundifh. Pifi. 

 in all the florets, Germen roundifh, inferior ; ftyles two, 

 {mall, ered ; ftignias obtufe. Peric. Fruit nearly orbicular, 

 comprefled, crenate at the edge, feparaWe into two parts. 

 Seeds two, nearly orbicular, almoft flat, with a thickened, 

 finely crenate, margin. 



Efli. Ch. Involucrum long and undivided. CoroUa radi- 

 ant- Flowers all perfect. Fruit nearly orbicular, compreffed 

 almoft flat, with a crenate margin. 



Obf. Linnius points out the prefence of efficient ftamens 

 and piftils in all the florets as the moft important difference 

 between this genus and Caltalis, fee that article. But 

 the feeds of the latter being ovate, ilriated, and befet with 

 rigid briftles, afford, as he aftenvards juiUv thought, a more 

 conftant and fatisfadorv character. 



I. T. fyriacum. Syrian Hart-wort. Linn. Sp. PI. 345. 

 Willd. n. I. Ait. n. I. Jacq. Hon. Vind. v. i. 21. t. 54- 

 Rivin. Pentap. Irr. t. 3. (T. minus fvriacum, femmis Umbo 

 granulato ; Morif. fed. 9. t. i6. f. 7. Gingidium latifolium ; 

 Ger. Em. 1042.) — Partial involucnmi manv times longer 

 than the nearly feflile flowers. — Native of Svria and Caria. 

 A hardy annual in our botanic gardens, flowering in Julv. 

 The whole herb is hoarr with ihort clofe hairs, which render 

 it foft to the touch ctem twelve or eighteen inches high, 

 angular, leafy, lomewhat branched, zigzag, fpreading. 

 Learxj ilalked, pinnate, of three or five broad, obtufe, 

 rounded, notched leaflets ; the odd one largeft, flightly 

 three4obed, an inch and half long. UmbeL lateral anij 

 tominal, on long, fpreading, furrowed ftalks. Flo-jL-ert 

 white, few and unall ; but the leaves of the partial in- 

 v(Jucrum are r«narkable for being about an inch in 

 length, obovato-lacceolate, leafy, exceeding ihofe of the 



general one in fize. The feeds are briftly and vifcid, vtith a 

 crifped margin. 



2. T. officinale. Officinal Hart-wort. Lian. Sp. PL 34J. 

 Willd. n. 2. Fl. Brit. n. I. Engl. Bot. t. 2440. Ait. n. 2. 

 Sm. Fl. Grafc. Sfoth. t. 267, unpublifhed. ( Ssfeh creticum 

 minus; Bauh. Pin. 161. G;r. Em. 1050. Caucilis minor, 

 pulchro femine, five Bellonii ; Bauh. Hiit. v. 3. p. 2. 84. 

 Small Hartwort ; Petiv. Herb. Brit. t. 24. f. 6. ) — Partial 

 involucrum full as long as the flowers. Leaflets ovate, cut, 

 crenate. Radiant petals two together, unequally lobed. — 

 Native of the fouth of France, Italv, Sicily, and the Le- 

 vant. Dr. Sibthorp found this plant in various parts of 

 Greece and the neighbouring iflan-ds. He judged it, with 

 great probabihty, to be the identical vc^i-./ju of Diofcorides. 

 As a Britifli plant it refts on the authority of Doody, who 

 gathered fpecimens about Ifleworth, and communicated them 

 to Ray. The latter could not miftake the fpecies, but he 

 hints, in his Sjnopfis, ed. 2. IC2, that the feeds probably 

 efcap^ from fome garden. This is an annual, more ered 

 than the foregoing, but, like that, do\vny, not briillv. The 

 Icofiett are ovate, lometimes rather oblong, fometimes round- 

 ifh-heartfhaped, firom three to nine ; italked and lobed in the 

 larger more luxuriant leaves, but generally unequally crenate 

 only : the upper ones are lanceolate or oblong. FlyjL:ers 

 large, white or pale flefli-coloured, numerous ; the two outer 

 petals, efpecially of the marginal flowers, remarkably radi- 

 ant, one lobe of each being difproportionately large. Ge- 

 neral and partial involucrum of narrow awl-flvaped leaves, 

 the latter finzlleft. Seeds fmooth, with an elegant, broad, 

 thick crenate border. This plant was formerly cultivated 

 for the fake of its feeds, fuppofed to promote urine and 

 other excretions, but now out of ufe. The T. apulum mini- 

 mum. Column. Ecphr. 122. t. 124. f. 1 , feems to us a ftarved 

 variety, different, as Jacquin well remarks, in Hort. Vind. 

 v. 3. 2, from the following, though he errs in taking it for 

 the true apulam, which is what he originally fo called. See 

 the next fpecies. 



3. T. apulum. Smaller Hart -wort. Linn. Sp. PL 345. 

 Willd. n. 4. Ait. n. 4. Prodr. Fl. Grsec. n. 631, ex- 

 cluding the fynonyms. Rivin. Pentap. Irr. t. 2. Jacq. 

 Hort. Vind. v. i. 21. t. 55. Spreng. n. 3. (T. humHe ; 

 Desfont. Atlant. v. i. 235. t. 58.) — Partial involucrum 

 fhorter than the flowers. Leaflets laciniated ; the upper ones 

 narrow. Radiant petals folitarv, of two equal lobes. — 

 Native of cultivated fields in Italy, Barbary, and Greece. 

 A fmaller plant than the foregoing, annual like that, but 

 with ieversiflems, whofe lower part, as well as the iheaths 

 of each fooffiaii, is ihaggy, with long white woolly hairs. 

 The leaflets of the lower leaves, about feven, are rounded, 

 varioufly jagged and notched ; thole of the upper ftill mOre 

 various in figure, narrow, moftly wedge-lhaped, often deeply, 

 and very acutely, three-lobed. Umbeb of ufualhr 6ire rays, 

 fometimes more, four times as long as the general hnxlucnim. 

 FlozL-ers white, radiant, but not in the manner of the fore- 

 going, they having but one greatly enlarged petal, whofe 

 two obovate lobes are nearly equal. "Ths feeds have a broader, 

 llriated, granulated dilk, with a thick, but not fo broad, 

 border as in T. officinale. The fynonyms of Bauhin, Sefeli 

 creticum minimum, as well as thofe of Toumefort, Ray and 

 Morifon, cited in Sp. PL and Hort. Chff., all depending on 

 Columna's plant mentioned under our laft fpecies, are to be 

 transferred to that. 



4. T.fTfolium. Red Dwarf Han-wort. Scop. Cam. 

 V. 1. 194. t. 8. Willd. n. 6. Spreng. Prodr. 1 1 Gene- 

 ral involucrum of one or two leaves. Leaflets ovate, lobed 

 and notched, nearly uniform. Radiant petals fohtary, of 

 two equal lobes. Fruit briftly. — Natire of the alps of 



C^miola. 



