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C^Tiiola. This appears to be nearly related to the laft, nor 

 can we difcern why profeflbr Sprengel marks it as a doubt- 

 ful fpecies. We have feen no fpecimens. The faithful Sco- 

 poli defcribes it as about a foot high, with uniform leaves, 

 compofed of two pair of obliquely ovate, or half-heart- 

 thaped, feflile, notched leaflets, and a terminal one, broader, 

 deeply three -lobed. The Jlowers are red, or pink. Fruit 

 oval, compreffed, with a thick briftly border, not defcribed 

 as crenate, whence perhaps the doubts of pi-ofe(l"or Sprengel. 

 5. T. maximum. Great Hart-wort. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 345. Willd. n. 5. Fl. Brit. n. 2. Engl. Bot. t. 1173. 

 Jacq. Auftr. t. 142. Scop. Carn. v. i. 195. Tourn. Inft. 

 320. (Tordylium; Rivin. Pentap. Irr. t. I. Sefeli cre- 

 ticum majus ; Bauh. Pin. 161. Ger. Em. 1050. Caucalis 

 major; Cluf. Hill. v. 2. 201. Ger. Em. 102 1, bad. He- 

 racleum Tordylium ; Spreng. Prodr. 12.) — Umbels denfe. 

 Leaflets lanceolate, deeply ferrated. Stem rough with de- 

 flexed briftles ; umbels and fruit with creft ones. — Native of 

 waile ground, banks and hedges, in Italy, Switzerland, 

 Germany, and, though very rarely, England, flowering 

 from June to Auguft. It has long been obferved under the 

 hedge on the north fide of the parks, at Oxford ; and was 

 gathered by Mr. Gotobed near Eton. Dr. Sibthorp met 

 with this plant in Greece and about Conftantinople. The 

 root is annual, tapering. Stem three or four feet high, ereft, 

 branched, leafy, furrowed, clothed all over with fliort, rigid, 

 pungent bridles, which point ftrongly downward ; while the 

 rays of the umbels, the involucral leaves, which are all fliort 

 and awl-fliaped, and the germen, as well as fruit, are equally 

 rough, with ereft brilUes. Tlie lower leaves confift of about 

 five broad, ovate leaflets, deeply and irregularly notched ; the 

 upper of about three elongated narrow ones, ftrongly fer- 

 rated ; all rough with clofe-prefled rigid hairs. Floxuirs 

 fmall, reddifli, with unequal petals, but not ftrikingly ra- 

 diant. Calyx-teeth elongated, unequal. Fruit nearly orbi- 

 cular, briftly, with a- thick, pale, rugged border, lefs 

 crifped than in the firft three fpecies, and a flightly tumid 

 ribbed difli. The prefence of a general as well as partial in- 

 volucrum, does not agree with Sprengel's cliaradter of Hera- 

 cleum, nor do the feetls anfwer to iiis defcription of that 

 genus. 



6. T. peregrinutn. Oriental Hart-wort. Linn. Mant. 

 55. Willd. n. 3. Ait. n. 3. (Conium dichotomum ; 

 Desfont. Atlant. v. i. 246. t. 66. Caucalis Hifpanica ; 

 Canier. Hort. 37. t. 11. Cachrys pcrcgrina ; Spreng. 

 Prodr. n. 11, and C. dichotoma ; ibid. n. 12.) — Leaves re- 

 pcatedly compound, fraooth, with linear decurrent fegments. 

 Fruit elliptical, furrowed, with crifped ribs and margin. — 

 Native of the Levant. Herb annual, fmooth, with a 

 branched fpreading^cw, and very finely divided, thrice com- 

 pound leaves. General umbels of fcarcely more than three or 

 four ftout fmooth rays ; partial fmall and denfe. General in- 

 I'olucrum of one or two fmall, ovate, pointed, white -edged 

 leaves ; partial of feveral fimilar unequal ones. Flowers 

 fmall, fcarcely, if at all, radiant, white, or flightly reddifli. 

 Fruit thick, almoft feflile, more elliptical and acute than in 

 the reft of the genus, having a thick, crifped edge, and 

 three greatly elevated, lefs ftrongly corrugated, ribs at each 

 fide. The genus of this plant is certainly very ambiguous. 

 It might perhaps be fafely referred to Conium, with which its 

 habit more accords, efpecially as the fruit anfwers but in- 

 differently to the idea or definition of a Tordylium. 



T. latifolium, Anthrifcus and nodofum of Linnxus are now 

 generally referred to Caucalis. Sprengel however has re- 

 itored the genus ToiuLis of Adaufon and Gsrtner ; fee 

 that article, to which the two latter belong. 



We fliall have occafion to fpeak of the difficulties frequent 



TOR 



in the generic diflribution of this tribe, when we come to 

 the article Uwbelluer.e. 



TORE, ToRu.s, in Architeaure, a large round nKjuIding, 

 ufed in the bafes of columns. 



Dayiler derives the word from the Greek, rofo-, a cable, 

 to which it bears fome refemblance ; or from tlie Latin torus, 

 a bed, as being fuppofed to reprefcnt the edge of a bed 

 or quilt, fwelled out with tiie weight of the incumbent 

 column. 



Tlie tore is alfo called gros baton, an"d tondin. It is the 

 bigncfs that diftinguiflies the torus from the aftragal. 



The bafes of Tufcan and Doric columns have but one 

 tore, which is between the plinth and the liftel. In the 

 Attic bafe there are two ; the upper, which is the fmaller ; 

 and an under, or bigger. 



TOREE, in Geography, a ciicar of Bengal, bounded 

 on tiie north by Palamow, Koonda, and Ramgur ; on the 

 eaft by Ramgur ; on the fouth by Chuta and Nagpour ; 

 and on the weft by Palamow ; about 32 miles long, and 



24 broad. Toree is the capital Alfo, a town of Hin- 



dooftan, and capital of a circar of tlie fame name, in Ben- 

 gal ; 210 miles W. of Calcutta. N. lat. 22° ^7'. E. long. 



84° 53'- 



TOREK, a town of Hungary, near the Thcyfle ; 40 

 miles W.S.W. of Debreczin. 



TORELLI, Lelio, in Biography, a learned jurift, was 

 born at Fano in 1489. Having ftudied Greek and Latin at 

 Ferrara, he graduated at Perugia, where he ftudied law. 

 The laft refpeftable office of magiftracy which he occupied, 

 was that of grand chancellor and firft fecretary to the dukes 

 of Tufcany, Cofmo, and his fon Francefco. He was alfo ad- 

 vanced to the rank of Florentine nobility, and the title of 

 fenator, and was conful to the academy of Florence, where 

 he died in 1576, univerfally efteemed for his mental and mo- 

 ral quahties. He amufed himfelf with polite literature, in 

 which he was a proficient, and with writing Latin and Italian 

 poetry ; but the fubjeft of his ferious ftudy was jurifpru- 

 dence. He was the author of feveral works on the law ; 

 but he was principally engaged in preparing a new and cor- 

 reCrt edition of the Pandects, availing himfelf of the Pifan 

 or Florentine MS. This niagnificent edition appeared from 

 the Torrentian prefs in 1553, in three large volumes folio. 

 His fon Francefco was his aflbciate in the labour of this 

 work ; but the fon died before the father. Gen. Biog. 



ToRELLi, PoMPONio, a poct and man of letters, and count 

 of Montechiarugola, was educated at Padua, where lie re- 

 fided eleven years. L^pon his return to his native place he 

 married, and in 1584 was fent on a miffion to Spain ; and 

 having fucceeded in the obje6\ of it, he afterwards employed 

 liimfelf chiefly in literary compofitions. His works were 

 numerous, among which we may reckon a treatife " De De- 

 bito del Cavaliero," 1596; five tragedies, ii/'z. " La Me- 

 rope," " II Tancredi," « La Galatea," " La Vittoria," and 

 " II Polidoro." His MSS., which were alfo numerous, 

 are preferved at Reggio. He died in 1608. Tirabofchi. 

 Gen. Biog. 



ToRELLi, Giuseppe, a native of Verona, member of 

 the Philharmonic fociety, and principal violin of San Pe- 

 tronio, at Bologna. In 1701 he was concert -maftcr at the 

 court of Anfpach, and his performance on the viohn ac- 

 quired him great reputation. He was a voluminous compofer 

 for that inftrument. His productions, however, are fo 

 fuperannuated, as almoft to ceafe to be mufic ; for having 

 little original melody, and no uncommon ftock of harmony 

 or modulation, there is nothing left to make amends for the 

 want of novelty and elegance. This compofer, befides the 

 numerous works which he piibliflied for violins during his 



life. 



