TOR 



life, of which the titles are recorded in Walther, left be- 

 hind him an inedited work, which was pubUfhed in 1 709 by 

 his brother, Felice Torelli, after the author's deceafe, under 

 the title of " Concerti grofli con una paftorale per il fantif- 

 fimo natale," confifting of twelve concertos in eight parts. 

 Thefe concertos have been thought the beft of his produc- 

 tions, and the model of grand concertos for a numerous 

 band. Quantz, Arte de la Flute. 



TORELLO, in Geography, a town of Naples, in Prin- 

 cipato Ultra ; 3 miles W.N.W of Conza. — Alfo, a town 

 of Spain, in Catalonia. In the year 1694, a battle was 

 fought near this town between the French and Spaniards, in 

 which the former were viftorious ; 6 miles N. of Vique. 



TORENATE, a town of New Navarre; 100 miles 

 S.S.E. of Cafa Grande. 



TORENIA, in Botany, was fo called by Linnaeus, after 

 his pupil, the Rev. Olof Toren, or Tcreen, chaplain of a 

 fllip in the fervice of the Swedilh Eaft India Company, who 

 ftudied at Upfal, in order the better to qualify himfelf, as a 

 naturalift, for a voyage to China. He communicated to his 

 great botanical preceptor many fcarce plants, and addreffed 

 to him a feries of letters, defcriptive of the voyage, in 

 which, though various other fubjefts are touched upon, na- 

 tural hiftory makes a principal figure. Thefe were pub- 

 lifhed at the end of Olbeck's Voyage, (fee Osbeckia,) and 

 tranflated with that work into EngUfh, by Dr. Forfter. 

 Soon after they were written, the author died, apparently 

 at an early age, near Nafinge, in Sweden, Aug. 17, 1753. 

 — Linn. Gen. 311. Schreb. 407. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 

 265. Mart. Mill. Did. v. 4. Brown Prodr. Nov. HoU. 

 V. I. 440 ? Juff. 122. Lamarck. Illuflr. t. 523. — Clafs and 

 order, Dldynam'ia Ang'wjpermia. Nat. Ord. Perfanat£, Linn. 

 Scrophularle, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, tubular, 

 angular, permanent, two-lipped ; the lips toothed, unequal. 

 Cor. of one petal, ringent, twice the length of the calyx ; 

 its upper lip nearly entire ; lower three-cleft, the middle 

 fegment moft prominent. Stam. Filaments four ; the two 

 uppermoft fimple ; two lowermoft longeft, with a lateral 

 branch or tooth ; anthers of two vertical, oblong, rather 

 diftant lobes, converging in pairs, their refpeftive lobes 

 clofely contiguous. Pj^. Germen fuperior, elliptic-ob- 

 long ; ilyle thread-fliaped, fwelling upwards ; ftigma of 

 two parallel flat plates. Perk. Capfule elhptic-oblong, 

 of two cells, and two undivided valves, with a parallel un- 

 connefted partition. Seeds numerous, roundifh, attached 

 to the partition. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx tubular, angular, with two lips. Co- 

 rolla ringent. Two of the filaments with a lateral branch. 

 Anthers connefted in pairs, by their oppofite lobes. Cap- 

 fule of two cells, with a parallel partition. Seeds nu- 

 merous. 



Obf. We take our charafters of this genus principally 

 from the original Linnaean fpecies, and therefore hefitate to 

 admit, after the example of our learned friend Mr. Brown, 

 any fpecies with a regular five-toothed calyx, fuch as Capra- 

 ria crujlacea, Linn, and Torenia Jcalra of Brown. We alfo 

 omit T.Jiaccida of the laft-mentioned author, and Antirrhinum 

 hexandrum of Forfter, becaufe we have not feen them. The 

 ftrange name of the latter probably alludes to the lateral 

 branches of two of the filaments, by which therefore it 

 ftiould feem to be a good Torenia. Yet thefe appendages ap- 

 pear to be wanting in T. cordifoUa of Roxburgh, if we may 

 truft the figure, nor do we find them clearly ip our T. ohtuji- 

 folia. The two-lipped tubular calyx feems to us the moft 

 important mark. 



I. T. ajiatica. Smooth Creeping Torenia. Linn. Sp. 



TOR 



PI. 862. Willd. n. I. 0(beck's Travels, EnglKh edition, 

 V. I. 337. Lamarck f. i. (T. glabra; Ofbeck It. 210. 

 " Kaka-pu; Rheede Hort. Mai. v. 9. 103. t. 53.") — 

 Smooth, with a creeping ftem. Leaves {talked, ovate, 

 acute, ferrated — Native of China, in watery places, flower- 

 ing in September. The whole herb k fmooth, except a 

 few hairs about the joints, and at the infertion of the leaves. 

 Stem a fpan long, branched, fquare, leafy, creeping by 

 means of fibrous roots, which feem to be perennial. Leaves 

 hardly an inch long, oppofite, fmooth, with fhallow ferra- 

 tures ; on Jlalks about half their own length. Floiuers ax- 

 illary, folitary, oppofite; on long fimple ftalks, purple, 

 large and handfome, not unlike thofe of Maurandia ; fee 

 that article. The fmall teeth, or points, of the calyx are 

 narrow, clofe together, and its angles are winged. 



2. T. hirfuta. Hairy Torenia. Willd. n. 2. Lamarck 

 f. 2. Mart. Mill. Dift. n. 2. — Hairy, with an ereft ftem. 

 Leaves ovate, ferrated, on (hort ftalks. — Native of China. 

 Linnaeus thought it a variety of the firft fpecies, but it is 

 much more hairy, with fmaller floiuers ; the calyx fcarcely 

 winged, except at the very bale. The teeth of that part 

 appear to become more deeply feparated as the capfule 

 enlarges. 



3. T. ci/iaris. Fringed Torenia. — Leaves ovate, acute, 

 (lightly hairy, ferrated, on long ftalks. Angles of the 

 calyx broadly winged, fringed. — Native of the Nicobar 

 iflands. Communicated by the Right Hon. fir Jofeph 

 Banks. The Jlem appears to be ereft. The leaves are an 

 inch and half long, ftrongly ferrated, flightly befprinkled 

 with hairs, oblique at the bafe. Footflalks nearly half the 

 length of the leaves, channelled, hairy. Floivers oppofite, 

 about as large as the firft fpecies. Calyx remarkable for its 

 broad wings, fringed with ftiort upright hairs ; its teeth 

 flender and hairy. 



4. T. cordifoUa. Heart-leaved Torenia. Roxb. Coro- 

 mand. v. 2. 32. t. 161. Mart. Mill. Dift. n. 3. — Nearly 

 fmooth. Stem branched, fpreading. Leaves ovate-heart- 



ftiaped, ferrated. Calyx wathout wings Native of the 



Eaft Indies. Found by Dr. Roxburgh, in the moift paf- 

 ture lands about Samulcotah, flowering during the cold 

 feafon. The root is fibrous, fimple, apparently annual. 

 Stem ereft, fix inches high, fquare, leafy, bufliy, with nu- 

 merous crofs branches. Leaves an inch long, paler beneath, 

 on Jialks half that length. Flowers about the tops of the 

 branches, axillary, on long flender ftalks. Calyx rather 

 fwelling, angular, but deftitute of wings, two-lipped, with 

 five fmall teeth. Corolla pale purple, twice the length of 

 the calyx. Stamens, according to Roxburgh, without any 

 lateral branch or tooth. 



5. T. obtuftfolia. Blunt-leaved Torenia. — Leaves 

 roundifti-ovate, obtufe, ftalked, wavy, fomewhat toothed, 

 fmooth. Stem creeping. Lips of the calyx unequal, 



abrupt Sent from Mexico by Mutis to Linnaeus. The 



fpecimens were laid into the genus Gratiola, but feem never 

 to have been defcribed. The whole herb is fmooth, 

 branched, fucculent, creeping ; in habit not unlike Veronica 

 Beccabunga, like which plant it feems to grow in fwampy 

 places. Leaves ribbed, broad, an inch long. Fhiuers 

 axillary, ftalked, folitary, the fize of T. cordifoUa, Calyx 

 angular, not winged, obhque at the mouth ; its upper lip 

 prominent, obtufe, flightly emarginate ; lower much fhorter, 

 abrupt, with three fmall diftant teeth. Corolla twice the 

 length of the c.Jyx, white or yellowifli ; internally fome- 

 what hairy. The infertion of two of the Jlamens into the 

 upper part of the corolla agrees with T. afiatica ; we are not 

 fure whether the other pair has any lateral teeth, but there 

 is fome appearance of fuch appendages, conglutinated as it 



