TOT 



TOT 



by higher grounds on CTery fide. The piazzas in &OBt of the 

 houfes in feme parts of the town, and the -higher Tories 

 projeSing over the lower, are man-fgit proofs of its anti- 

 quity ; a claim which is ftrengthei;ed bv the keep of its caftle, 

 a large circular building, turretted, riiing firom an immenfe 

 artificial mouiid. This caltle, according to Brown Willis, 

 was ereced by Judhael de Totnais (to whom the manor was 

 given by the Conqueror), and made the head of his barony. 

 During his reudence here, he founded a priorv for Benedic- 

 tines, which continued till the diJTolution, when its appTt?! 

 revenues were eiiimated at 1 24/. lox. 2d. The manor was 

 granted -in the reiga of Henry VII. to Richard Edg-ecumbe, 

 whole Ion, or grandibn, in the fecond vear of Elizabeth, 

 conveyed it to the corporation, referring the right of a bur- 

 gefsfhip to his heirs for ever. Totnefs was incorporated by 

 charter cf king John ; and has had its privileges confirmed 

 by feveral fucceeding fovereigns. The corporation is vefted 

 in a mayor, recorder, thirteen burgo-mafters, and twenty 

 common-councilmen. The borough firii fent reprefentatives 

 to pariiamentin the 23d of Edward I.: the right of ele^on 

 is in the corporation. At the period of the Norman lurvey, 

 Totnefs had immunity &om taxation, excepting at thofe 

 tunes when Exeter was rated. The pariih-church is a hand- 

 lome edihce, having a well proportioned tower at the weft 

 end. The date of its foundation was unknown till the vear 

 1799. when the fouth-eaft pinnacle was llruck by lightning, 

 and in its laUbeat in the roof of a fmall room over the porch- 

 In this room were two cheits of old records, which becoming 

 expofed by this accident, among them was found a grant of 

 indulgence from biihop Lacey, •• to thofe people who had or 

 might contribute to the rebuilding of the church at Totnefs." 

 This was dated at Chudleigh, where the biihops of Exeter 

 had a refidence in 1432. The chancel is leparated fix)m the 

 body of the church by an elegant fcreen of ornamental 

 tracery in ftone-work : but the altar-piece, inftead of cor- 

 refponding with the reil of the building, is of Grecian de- 

 Ugn, having a femi-dome fupported bv Corinthian pillars. 

 Totnefs confifts principally of one ftreet, about three-quar- 

 ters of a mile in length, terminated on the E. bv a bridge 

 over the Dart : the town was formerly furrounded bv a wall, 

 and had four gates : the eaft and north gate-houfes are now 

 ftanding. By the popuhtion return of the year 181 1, the 

 houfes were eftimated at ^2;, the number of inhabitants at 

 27^5- ^lany of the labouring clafs derive emplovment from 

 the wooUea trade, which is rapidly increaiing. Five fairs 

 are held anni^y, and a market weeklv, oa Saturday. 



Edward Lye, the learned author of the Anglo-Saxon and 

 Gothic D:ctionary, publilhedin 1-72, was a native of Tot- 

 nefs ; as was aho Dr. Benjamin Kennicott, well known for 

 his cdlection of Hebrew MSS. The former died in 1769, 

 the latter in 1-83. 



About two miles below Totnefs, on the brow of a thickly 

 wooded declivity which rifes from the marcrin of the Dart, 

 is Sharpham, the feat of Edmund Baftard, efq. The maa- 

 fion, aa elegant building of fireeilone, was ereded bv cap- 

 tain Pownall, who loft his life at the moment of viftory in a 

 naval engagement during the American war. The daughter 

 of that gentleman manied Mr. Baftard. 



On the eaftem fhore is Greenaway, a feat for many gene- 

 rations poffeffed by, and a refidence of the family of Gil- 

 bat. Of this family, and bom here, was fir Humphrey 

 Gilbert, a celebrated voyager in the reign of Ehzabeth : to 

 him this kingdom is indebted for the difcovery and fetdement 



of Newfoundland Warner's Walk throu^ the Weftem 



Counties, Svo. 1800. Beauties of Engird and Wales, 

 voL iv. Devonfhire: by J. Britton and E. W. Braylev, 

 1803. Polwhele's Hiftorv, &c. of Devonftuie, fobo, 

 1797- 



TOTOMINA, a bay on the fouth coaft of the iuand oF 

 Nip'f-or.. N. lat. 35- 10'. 



TOTOO, a towc of Bengal ; 7 miles N.X.E. of Toree. 



TOTORAL, a to-.-:-n of South America, ir, the pro- 

 vince of Cordova ; J4 njles N. of Cordova. — Alfo, a fmall 

 iiland in the Pacific ocean, near the coaft of Chih. S. lat. 

 29'-' id. 



TOTOWA, a town of New Jerfey, on the Piffaick . 

 15 miles N. of Newark. 



TOTSKAIA, a fortreis of Rullla, in the government 

 of Upha ; 20 miles S.E. of BuzulatCk. 



TOTTAIUM, in Ancient Geography, a place of Aiia, in 

 Bithynia, on the route from Conftantinople to Antioch, be- 

 tween Oriens-Medio Lnd Dahlis. Anton. Itic. 



TOTTAVILLA, in Omithologj, a name by which fome 

 authors have called the olaiida arbvrca, or common wood- 

 lark. See Alauda. 



TOTTED. A good debt to the king is, by the foreign 

 appofer, or other officer, in the exchequer, noted for fuch 

 by writing the word tct, q. d. to! picanle rtgi dtbattur ; 

 whence it is laid to be t<m:d. -\Ko that which is paid is 

 to be totted. 



TOTTENHAM, or Tottenham High-Cross, in 

 Geography, in ancient records called Totchair., is a village 

 and parilh in the hundred of Edmonton, and county ^ - 

 Middlelex, England. The village is fituated about fi. 

 miles to the N. of London : the pariih is about fiftee 

 miles in circumference, and is bounded on the E. by tl. 

 river Lea; on the N. bv Ediiio::ton ; on the W. I 

 Homfey and Friam Bamet ; and on the S. by Hackee;, 

 and Stoke-Newington. It contains about 4003 acres of 

 land, of which nearly one -eighth part is arable, the rc- 

 mair:der grafs. It is divided into four diftricts, named ti.. 

 Middle, Lower, High-Crois, and Wood-Green wards. 

 There are an overfeer and a conftable for each ward, and two 

 churchwardens for the whole parilh. The New River 

 pafles with a very circuitous courfe through the weftera 

 part of the parilh. On the eaft fide of the high road, nearly 

 in the centre of the village, ftood an ancient wooden crol;, 

 whence the place is (aid to have obtained the appellation cf 

 Tottenham High-Crofs. About the year 1580, BedweU 

 defcribed it as "a columne of wood, covered with a fquare 

 flieet of leade." This, being decayed, was taken down, and an 

 o&mgular brick column raifed in its place. The manor of 

 Tottenham, in the reign of Edward the Confeflbr, was the 

 property of earl Waltheof, fon to the famous Siward, earl of 

 Northumberland, who defeated Macbeth, the ufurper of the 

 crown of Scotland. Waltheot^s widow, Judith, niece c: 

 William the Conqueror, was in poffeffion of this manor ut 

 the rime of the Dotnefday furvey. From her it pafled 

 through a fuccefiion of royal and noble poiTeffors till the 

 year 1 254, when, having been the property of John, earl c r 

 Chefter, it was divided between Robert de Brus, John Cc 

 Baliol, and Hecni- de Haftings, as coheirs, by marriage, of 

 the laid earl. The manor, being thus divided into three 

 portions, formed as many diftind manors, fome of which 

 were fubdivided, and acquired alfo the name of manors. 

 Through various defcents, they all devolved to, and con- 

 centered in, John Gedeney, alderman of London, who died 

 poffeffed of the whole in 1449. In 1792 it was fold t. 

 Thomas Smith, efq. of Gray's Inn, who is now the lord. 

 Bruce caftle, which may be confidered as the manor-houfe 

 of Tottenham, is a large brick mannon : it was probably re- 

 built by fir WiUiam Compton, at the beginning of the iva- 

 teenth century, as we read that in the year i j 1 6, iking Henry 

 VIII. met his fitter Margaret, queen of Scots, at " Maifter 

 Compton's houfe befids Tottnam." Bruce caftle'was re- 

 paired and altered by Henry, lord Colerane, in the latter 



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