T O U 



nicies, vsiiL a pair of fmaU fcales, or hraStas, at the bafe of 

 each partid fiaik. They are Ctnall, with a gieen coroUa, as 

 wdl as cidjx. Nothing haring been ooferred by Aublev 

 refpeSing the frai:, the charafter of the genus remains in- 

 complete. Of its natural order there can be no doubt, 

 from its near affinity to Ctujta, Garslr.ia, &.C. 



TOUP, JONATUAS, in Biography, a learned critic, was 

 bom at St. Ives, in Cornwall, in the year 1713, and entered 

 at Exeter college, Oxford, where he took a bachelor's de- 

 gree. After being prefented to the rectory of St. Martin, 

 Cornwall, he took the degree of M.A. at Cambridge, in 

 1756. His " Emendationes in Suidam" incrodaced him to 

 the learced world : it was publilhed iuecelEvely in three 

 pErts, the fjil in 1760, the fecond in 1764, and the third 

 in 1-66. The learning of this writer recommended him to 

 the notice and patronage of bifliop Warburton, whofe pofitire 

 and contemptuous manner he too much refembles ; and for 

 which he received merited caftigation. In 1769 he publilhed 

 " Epiftola Critica ad Virum celeberrimum Gtd. Epifc. 

 Gloceftr.," which contains remarks on Greek writers. 

 Warton's edition of Theocri.tus, which appeared in 1770, 

 tras accoc^oanied with valuable corrections and annotations 

 bv Toup ; and in 1772 he publifhed, in a feparate work, 

 " Cute pofteriores, fire Appendicula Notarum atque Emen- 

 dationcm in Theocritum, Oxonii nuperrime publicatum," 

 410. His treatment of Reiflce, on account of his edition 

 of Theocritus, drew upon him the very ferere animadver- 

 fion of that learned writer. By the recommendation of 

 Warburton to Keppel, biihop of Exeter, Mr. Toup ob- 

 tained a prebend in the church of Exeter, and the vicarage 

 of St. Martin. In 1775, he printed " Appendicula Nota- 

 rum in Suidam ;" and in 1778, his " Longini omma quse 

 extant ; Gr. et Lat., &c." This latter work was well 

 received, and a fecond edition was printed in 8vo. 



Notwithftanding the afperity which Mr. Toup manifefted 

 as a critic, and which is too common among learned men of 

 this deicriptio", he is faid in private life to have been kind 

 and a5ectionate, and fingulariy humane towards the brutal 

 creation. As a theologian, he drew his fentiments from 

 the Scriptures -. and he was refpecled as a liberal and tole- 

 rant divine. He was never married, but left confiderable 

 property among the three daughters of a half-fiiler, who 

 lived with him. He died in Januarv 1785, in his 720 year. 

 NichoU's Anecd. Gen. Biog. 



TOUPOUR, in Gccjrcfh, a lake of Thibet, 27 miles 

 in circumference ; ic miles N. of Souc. 



TOUR, Tu.iv, a French term, often ufed among Enghfti 

 writers for a journey. Thus we fay the tour of Paris, or 

 Rome, Sec. 



TotTR of Hair, a trefs or border of kair, going round 

 the head, which, mingled dexteroufly with the natural hair, 

 lengthens and thickens it. 



Thefe tours are for men. The women hkewife ufe 

 tours, and falle hair, either to hide their age, or to fupply 

 the thinnefs of their natural hair on the forehead and 

 temples. 



The form is different according to the mode, fometimes 

 raifed and curled, fometimes ilraight, and laid flat along 

 the forehead. 



ToiTR, in Geegrafij, a town 8f France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Calvados ; 3 miles W.N.W. of Bayeux. 



Tour, La, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Puy-de-D6me ; 12 miles W. of Beffe. 



Tour la Blaiui, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Dordogne ; 9 miles N. of Riberac. 



Tour Jt Cordovan, a fort on the coaft of France, in the 

 departmeot of the Gironde, at the mouth of the Garonne, 



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whole fununit is 300 feet above the level of the fea. X. 



lat. 44° 35'- "^^ ^°g- i" 4'- 



TocR de France, La, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Eaitem Pyrenees ; 12 miles W.N.W. of Per- 

 pignan. 



TocR d' A'lgius, La, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Mouths of the Rhone ; 12 miles N.N.E. of Apt. 



ToiTR Landry, La, a town of France, ia the depart- 

 ment of the Mayne and Loire ; 6 miles W. of Vihiers. 



Tour de Peil, La, a town of Switzerland, in the Pav? 

 de Vaud, on the lake of Geneva ; i mile S. of Vevav. 



Tour du Pin, La, a town of France, and principal 

 place of a diftricl, in the department of the Ifere, iltuated 

 on a fmall river of the fame name, which runs into the 

 Rhone; 27 miles S.E. of Lyons. N. lat. 45' 34'. Ej 



•°°g- 5° 32'- 



Tour de Roj'el, a cape of the iiland of Jerfev ; 5 mikg 

 N.N.E. of St. Heher. 



Tour de Roujfdion, La, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Eaftem Pyrenees, on the Tet ; fituated on a 

 fpot where oace ftood a city called Rufcino, which was de- 

 ftroyed in the ninth century ; 3 miles E. of Perpignan. 



Tour de Tremi, a town of Switzerland, in the canton oi 

 Friburg ; 2 nules N. of Gruyeres. 



Tour la FlUe, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Channel, celebrated for its manufacture of glafs : abnofi 

 joining to Cherburg. 



TOURAINE, before the revolution a province of 

 France, bounded on the E. by Orieannois, on the S. by 

 Berry and Poitou, on the W. by Anjou, and on the N. 

 by Maine ; about 6c miles in length, and 54 in breadth: 

 the river Loire runs through it, and divides it into Higher, 

 and Lower Touraine. Tours is the capital. This pro- 

 vince had formerly counts of its own. In the year 1044, 

 it was taken by the counts of Anjou ; in I2C2, united with 

 the crown ; and in 1356, railed to a dukedom and peerage. 

 It has fireqnently been granted to the royal children ; and 

 after the death of Francis, duke of Alengon, brother to 

 Henry III., was again united to the croivn, (ince which it 

 has never been ahenated. It was governed by kws of its- 

 own, but with a right of appeal to the parliament of Paris. 



TOURAK, a river of Turkilh Armenia, which runs 

 L-.to the Batoun ; 20 miles E.N.E. of Ifpira. 



TOURAN, Kingdoms of, an appellation given to the' 

 vait regions cf Grand Tartary, exteuding from Rufha toj 

 Chinaj and from Siberia to the Cafpian fea. 



TOURACO, m Omithclogy. See CccuLVS. 



TOURANCOURCHY, m G::graphy, a town of Hin- 

 docftan, in the Camatic ; 35 miles S.S.W. cf Tritchinopoly. 



TOURCALL, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar ;, 

 9 miles S. of Arrah. 



TOURCHENGADA, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Baramaul ; 18 miles N.N.W. of Namacul. 



TOURETTE, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Var ; 3 nules N.W. of St. Paul. 



TOURFAN HoTUX, a town of Little Bucharia, and 

 capital of a province ; 180 miles W.N.W. of Hami. N. 

 lat. 43^ 33'. _E. long. 107° 17'- 



TOURINA, Capz, a cape of Spain, on the W. coaft 

 of Gahcia. N. ht. 43- 5'. W. long. 9- 2c'. 



TOURMALINE, in Mincnd^^, a ftone iomet'mes 

 ufed as a gem by jewellers, and particularly remarkable for 

 exhibiting ele&ricity by heat ok friiiion. It almoft always 

 occurs in long priiins which are deeply ftriated. The 

 common form of the cryftal is a fix-fided prifm, terminated . 

 by three principal planes, which on one extremity are fet on 

 the fides of the prifm, and on the other on the edges. 

 4 The 



