TOW 



TOW 



ral improvements ftiould ever be adopted. That in the 

 mean time, a laudable example has been Ihewn by Mr. W. 

 Reynolds, of Ketley, who has formed a towing-path for 

 horfes near to the new manufaftories at Coalport, and has 

 carried it on through his father's property to the iron 

 bridge, a diftance of about two miles : this being along 

 fome ruo-ged banks, and over fome of the worft ford? which 

 are on the river, proves, bevond contradiftion, it is thought, 

 that this fort of towing-path is practicable at no very extra- 

 vagant expence, and befides, that it completely deflroys the 

 common objeftion of horfe towing-paths where many rapids 

 or fords intervene. 



In conftrufting all forts of towing-paths, they fhould be 

 formed as much on the level as poffible, and be well and 

 firmly laid with fome convenient fort of hard materials. 



Where they are for men or fmall animals, they need not 

 be of fuch breadths or depths of hard fubftances, as where 

 large and many horfes are in ufe. In carrying them over 

 ■fords or runs of water, an experienced workman will moftly 

 be neceffary. 



TowiyiG-PtJfh Wall, is a wall under the bridges, A B C D, 

 {Plate V. Canals, fg. 40.) for keeping up the towing-path. 



TOWLGAW, in Geography, a town of Hindooilan, in 

 Dowlatabad ; 6 miles W. of TooliapoUr. 



TOWN, a place inhabited by a confiderable number of 

 people, of an intermediate magnitude and degree between a 

 city and a village, &c. 



It is hard to give a tolerable definition of a town, becaufe 

 the idea is a little arbitrary and unfixed. A town is ge- 

 nerally without walls, which is the charafter which ufually 

 diftinguifhes it from a city ; but this does not hold univer- 

 fally. 



Tithings, towns, and villages, have the fame fignification 

 in law ; and are faid to have had, each of them, originally 

 a church, and celebration of divine fervice, facraments, and 

 burials ; though that feeras to be rather an ecclefiaftical than 

 a civil diftinftion. The word town or vill is, indeed, by 

 the alteration of times and language, now become a generi- 

 cal term, comprehending under it the feveral fpecies of 

 cities, boroughs, and common tOwns. A city is a town in- 

 corporated, which is or hath been the fee of a bifhop : a 

 borough is now underftood to be a town, either corporate 

 or not, that fends burgeffes to parliament : other towns 

 there are, to the number, according to fir Edward Coke, of 

 8803, which are neither cities nor boroughs ; fome of which 

 have the privileges of markets, and others not ; but both 

 are equally towns in law. To feveral of thefe towns there 

 arc fmall appendages belonging, called hamlets. 



Entire vills, fir H. Spelman conjettures, confifted of ten 

 freemen, or frank-pledges, demi-vills of five, and hamlets 

 of lefs than five. Thefe little coUeftions of houfes are 

 fometimes under the fame adminiftration as the town it- 

 felf, fometimes governed by feparate officers ; in which laft 

 cafe they are, to fome purpofes in law, looked upon as 

 diftinft townfhlps. Thefe towns contained each originally 

 but one parifh and one tithing, though many of them now, 

 by the increafe of inhabitants, are divided into feveral 

 parifhes and tithings ; and fometimes there is but one parifh 

 where there are two or more vills or tithings. Blackft. Com. 

 b. i. 



We have feveral kinds of towns ; borough-towns, market- 

 towns, county-towns, &c. See Borough, &c. 



Town, Freedom of a. See Freedom. 



Towns, Hanfe. See Hanse. 



TowN'-C/ifri, or Common Clerk, an ofScer in the city of 

 London, who keeps the original charters of the city, the 

 books, rolls, and other records, wherein are regiftered the 



afts and proceedings of the city. He is to attend the lord- 

 mayor and aldermen at their courts. 



'TovfJS-Dung or Manure, in Agriculture, that fort which 

 is fcraped up and collefted from the ftreets and other places 

 of large towns. This kind of manure is ufed in large quan- 

 tities in fome diftrifts near the metropolis, as in Effex and 

 fome others, with great fuccefs and advantage, though at 

 very confiderable expence. Mr. Hardy, near Bradfield, in 

 the above county, ufes to the amount, it is faid, of one 

 waggon-load to every acre of fummer fallow, at the expence, 

 for the charge of the dung or manure only, of one guinea 

 the load : it is then mixed with his own yard-dung in heaps 

 for the purpofe of exciting fermentation, from a notion that 

 it has this efFeft, and that having it, the benefit will be in 

 proportion. In feveral other pans of the fame diftrift, the 

 ufual mode of manuring per acre, is one waggon-load of 

 town-muck with about five times the quantity of freftv foil 

 collefted from road-fides and hedge-greens. 



Toviti'-Houfe. See House. 



Town-Adjutant, in Military Language, is an afliftant to 

 the town-major. 



Tovis-Major. See Major. 



Town, Cape, in Geography, a town agreeably fituated 

 fomewhat above 30 miles from the Cape of Good Hope, in 

 a valley, between the Table and Lion mountains. It con- 

 tains about 200 houfes, many of which are magnificent ; 

 its ftreets are broad, but ill-paved. Provifions of every 

 kind are very reafonable, and the town is well fupplied with 

 fprings of excellent watei", fufficient for the ftiips which re- 

 cur to this port. S. lat. 34^' 29'. E. long. 18° 23'. 



TOWNSEND, a town of the ftate of MaiTachufetts ; 

 36 miles N.W. of Boflon. 



TOWNSHEND, a townfhip of the ftate of Vermont, 

 in the county of Windham, containing 11 15 inhabitants; 

 25 miles S. of Windfor. 



ToWNSHEND, Cape, a cape on the N.E. coaft of New 

 Holland. S. lat. 22° 15'. W. long. 209^43'. See alfo 

 Vermilion Point. 



TOWPAAL, a town of Meckley ; 12 miles S.E. of 

 Munnypour. 



TOWRIDGE, a river of England, which paffes by 

 Biddeford, andjoins the Taw near Appledore, in Devonfliire. 



TOWY, a river of Wales, which riies in the county of 

 Cardigan, and runs into the bay of Caermarthen, 6 miles 

 below Caermarthen. 



TOWYN, or Tywyn, a fmall town in the hundred of 

 Yftumaner, and county of Merioneth, North Wales, is I 2 

 miles W. by S. from Machynlleth, and 223 miles W.N.W. 

 from London. It is built of coarfe fchiftofe ftone, com- 

 mands an unbounded view of the ocean, and is backed by a 

 range of high mountains. During the bathing feafon, it is 

 frequented by feveral genteel families. The town is fur- 

 rounded by feveral populous hamlets, and refpeftable farm- 

 houfes. In the population return of the year 181 1, the 

 parifti is ftated to contain 1941 inhabitants, occuppng 4S2 

 houfes. Though the foil is rocky, and expofed to the in- 

 fluence of the weftern gales, yet induftry has furmounted 

 thefe obftacles ; the marfh is converted into meadows and 

 paftures ; and corn overfpreads the fterile rock and bleak 

 Ihore. The church contains feveral ancient monuments. 

 Gwenddydd, daughter of Brychan, and wife of Cadell, 

 prince of Powys, about the middle of the fifth century, was 

 buried here. In the cemetery are two rude pillars : one of 

 them, called St. Cadfan's ftone, is fhaped hke a wedge, 

 about feven feet in height, with a crofs, and an infcription 

 on each fide in old Britifti charafters. St. Cadfan is fup- 

 pofed to have been interred in this church about the year 

 M 2 250 ; 



