T K A 



T R A 



CnuxT-ATiox of Sap, L:eaj, aiid Spirax Vcffdi, the latter 

 beicg DOW their coft vfual deDoinmatioE. It is prefer- 

 able to any of the above, as not involriag any theoretical 

 opinion. 



TRACHEAL Aeteet, in Anatomy, a branch of the 

 right fsbclavian, running up from it in a T%-!ndiiig courfe, 

 along the ajpcra aritria, to the glandnlz thyroideff and 

 larrax, detaching fmjH arterieE to both fides ; one of •which 

 runs 10 the upper part of the fcapnla. The tracheal artery 

 may likewife be called gutturals tufenor. See Autert, 

 and LcxGs. 



TRACHELAGRA, forced of T::L7_'r7j,_r, litd, and 

 «y»a, fazitrc, a term ufed by fome medical •writers to es- 

 preis the goat in the neck. 



TRACHELIUM, in BBttmy, is rot derived, as De 

 Theis fnppofes, froBi -r^aj^.-, rough, ho-wever applicable 

 jKjr fenfe may be to the plants to which the name was 

 originally apphed, onr larger Campanula. The word comes 

 from T;a.3^v.c-, tbc Tierh, being fTnorimoiis ■with the Latin 

 Cenruaria, and the EngHih Throatwort. Old writers tell 

 ns, the plants fo denominated were beheved to be ufeful in 

 complaints of the neck, or throat ; whence alfo ori^nated 

 another of their fvnonyms, U'zmlana. Toamefort, ijluding 

 to thefe reputed ■virtnes, derives Ae above name from trashca 

 arteria, or ajprra arbria, the •wind-pipe, which is certair.ly 

 not its real fource. Being fuperfluous as a fynonym to 

 Camparrula, he, as well as Linnxus, retain Trachelium for a 

 neighboiiring genns, diitinguiihed by the long tube, or 

 neck, of its coroUa. — Ijnn. Gen. 89. Schreb. 119. WiDd. 

 Sp. PL V. I. 926. Mart. Mill. I>ia. v. 4. Ail. Hort. 

 £ew. V. I. 355. Thunb. Prodr. 38. Juff. 165. Toura. 



1. JD. Lamarck Illuflx. t. 126. G^rtn. t- 31 Clafs 



and order, Pimtandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Camparuxcce, 

 Linn. Campamdatc£, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth fnperior, very fmall, in five 

 deep fegments, permanent. Cor. of one petal, fnnnel- 

 fiiaped ; tube cyhndrical, very long and flender ; limb 

 frnall, fpreading, in five deep,ovale, concave fegments. Stam. 

 Filaments five, capillary, nearly the length of the corolla ; 

 anthers fimple, oblong. PlB- Germen inferior, ronndifti, 

 with three angles ; ftyle thread-fliaped, twice as long as the 

 corolla, rather fweHing upward ; ftigma capitate, globofe, 

 ffightly three-lobed. Perir. Capfnle roundiJh, bluntly 

 three-lobed angular, of three cells, buiAing by pores at tie 

 bafe. Sss^! numerous, minute. 



Efl. Ch. Corolla fonnel-ihaped. Stigma globofe. Cap- 

 fule inferior, of three cells, burfling bv pores at the bafe. 



Obf. Lmns-js himJelf correned in his Svi?mui Nature 

 the error in his Geasra, of the lingle-celled capfule. The 

 remark fubjoined in the -lafl-mentioned work, of fome 

 biloctdar fpecies, properly belongs to the preceding gen'-s, 

 Piytaana. 



I. T. ctruleum. Blue Throatwort. Liim. Sp. PL 243. 

 SuppL 143. Willd. n. I. Ait. n. i. (Trachelis azuro 

 umbeDifero ; Pon. Bald. 44. Valeriana csenilea, urricae 

 toho ; Barr. Ic. t. 683, 684.) — Leaves ovate, ferrated. 

 Corymbs compound. — Native -of ihadv ftony places, in 

 Italy, Spam, and Barbary. Frequent on the ancient walls 

 of Rome, flowering in the fpring and fummer. It ma-y be 

 kept for many year; •with us in a greenhoufe, though ufually 

 confidered as a hardy bienniaL The root is tapering, white, 

 ■with many fibres. Htrbage fmooth, dark green, about two 

 feet high. Siem roundifh, ofte:D branched, leafy. Lcatitt 

 ahemaie, ovate, acute, veiny, an inch or two long, and full 

 half as broad, fliarply, and fomerimes very deeply, ferrated. 

 Foot^alki linear; the upper ones half the length of the 

 ieaves ; lower longer. F'iD'u<crs very numero^os, of a fine 



blue, in a terminal, corymbose, level-topped tuft, or pamcli. 

 •with awllhaped hraSsas, in afpeS, though not in colour, re- 

 fembling a Faleriaa. 



2. T. £ffufum. Slender Shrubby Throatwort. Linn. 

 SuppL 143 Wflid. n. i. Thunb. Prodr. 38. — Leave? 

 awlfhaped, ere£l. Stem panicled, with divancited branches. 

 —Found by Tbunberg, at the Cape cf Good Hope. 

 Mr. Maflbn fent it in 17S7 to Kcw, where it is a green- 

 houfe plant, flowering in AnguiL Stem a foot or more in 

 height, woody, much branched in the lower part, the 

 branches ere&, fcraight, round, leafy, linooth, or verv 

 minutely do^wny. L.ea'osi fcattered. ilender, an inch lon^, 

 verv narrow, revoiule, entire, iharp-pointed, nearly or quite 

 finooth. Floivcrs blue, •with a fiale fabe, fmali, loiiiary at 

 the ends of the numerous, •widely fpreading or Aefiesed, 

 branches of the ilender, rigid, fmooth pamch. 



3. T. tenuifolniir.. Slender Fringed Throatwort. LinE. 

 SuppL 143. WiUd. n. 3. Thunb. Prodr. 38. — Leaves 

 linear, flat, recurved, fringed. Stem branched. Flowers 

 lateral. — Brought bv Th-unberg like^wife from the Cape. 

 bet as yet a firanger to our gardens. Tue long woodv 

 rool bears a bufhv woodv fiem, a few inches high, divided 

 from the bottom into mai;y hranchcc, clothed ■with crowded, 

 narrow, recurved, fliarp-pointed Ita^e.; half an inch long ; 

 ftrongly fringed at the margin ; flat above ; keeled beneath : 

 often fomewhat downy. Fioivsrs numerous, axillary, foh- 

 tarv, fefiile, flender, apparently white or yello-wiih, tscept 

 the tips of the coroUa- We mufl «Jy on the authors cited 

 for the detemronatioD of the genus. The jfW' does not pro- 

 ieCt out of the flower. The germm is inferior. 



Trachelilm, in Gardening, contains a hardy herbacecns 

 plant of the perennial kind, of which the fpecies cultivated is 

 the blue throatwort (T. CEruleum). It is a plant that is 

 perennial in its nature, being very lafling in foils which are 

 dry and not of a rich quality, but not lo in the contrary 

 fort. 



Method of Cukurt. — It is raifed from feeds, which lho-..jd 

 be fo-wn in the autumn when ■vreU ripened, or in the fprmg. 

 in a bed or border of light mould. A.nd when the planir 

 are two or three inches in height, they Ihould be fet out in 

 nurferv-rows fix inches apart, to remain till the following- 

 autumn, when they ihould be planted out where they are to 

 remain. 



Thefe are flowering perennials which may have their 

 feeds fown in the crevices of old walk, ruins, and rock- 

 works with m-jch effeft and advantage, as the plants con- 

 tinue feveral years, and difplay many flowers. 



Ther afford ornament in the above fort of works, and 

 other fituations where the earth is poor. 



TR--\CHELO-MASTOIDEUS, in Anatomy, com- 

 plexus minor ; a fmail narrow mufcle, fituated at the ppf- 

 terior and lateral part of the neck, and extending from the 

 mafloid procefs to the tranfverfe procefies of the vertebra. 

 Behind, it is covered bv the fplenius, and the tranfverfahs 

 coDi, to which it is conneSed : in front, :t covers the corn- 

 plexus, the obhqui capitis, the pofi;erior extremity of the 

 digaitncus, and the occipital artery. Its inner edge is clofe 

 to the complexus, and is fometimes umted by a Tnnfriilar 

 flip to the longiffim-as dorfi. The outer edge is fixed by 

 fmaB tendinous and Sefliy flips to the traniverie proceiies of 

 the foiK- lafl cervical vertebri ; and is unattacaed above. 

 The inferior extremity of the trachelo-mafl:oideas is flender 

 and pointed, and fixed to the tranfverfe procefs of the 

 feveuth cerrical vertebra, or fometimes of the tirfl. dorlal ; 

 thence it afcends jerpendicularly, growing thicker and 

 broader to its upper end, winch is fixed to the back of the 

 mailoid procefs in front of the fplenius. It is a tt ached ta 



the 



