I T R A 



palling ihrough a block or thimble, and ufed to hoift up 



any objeft to a higher ftation, in order to render it lefs 



inconvenient. Such are tlie tracing-lines of the awnings, 

 i and thofe of the yard-tackles, which, by hanging down in 



a cavity or bight, would be aukward and incommodious. 



Falconer. 

 I TRACK, in Gco^rn/>/rc, one of the Nicobar iflands. N. 



lat. 7^ 30'. E. long. 94° 6'. 

 Track of a Ship. See Wake. 

 i TnACK-Road, the fame as Toiu'tng-fath ; which fee. 



T^ACK-Scout, a veflel employed to caiTy goods or paf- 

 \ fengers up and down the rivers or canals in Holland, and 



the countries bordering on the Baltic fea. It is ufually 



tracTied by a horfe, who trots along the margin to a limited 



diilance, after which he is relieved by another. Falconer. 

 ; TRACKING, denotes the art of pulling any veffel or 



floating body along the ftream of a canal or river, by means 



of a rope extending from the veflel, &c. to the adjacent 



fhore, and drawn along the banks of the river by men or 



liorfes. Whence TwAVK-Scout ; which fee. 



TRACONITIS, in Ancient Geography, a rude and 

 [ mountainous country of Paleftine, on the other fide of 



Jordan. M. d'Anville places it at the bottom of Anti- 

 1 Ivibonus, inclofed within feveral branches of this mountain, 

 ! extending towards the S.E. among which is found mount 



Hermon : the principal place was iEnos. 



TRACOSSOZ, in Geography, a town of Spain, in the 



province of Leon ; 30 miles W. of Zaraora. 



TRACT, Tractos, properly denotes an extent of 



ground, or a portion of the furface of the terraqueous 

 [ globe. 



' Tract, TraBate, or TraUatus, does alfo fignify a fmall 

 I treatife or written difcourfe upon any fubjeft. 

 \ Tract, in Hunting, denotes the trace or footing of a 

 ' wild beaft. 



TRACTION, Drawing, the aft of a moving power, 

 j by wliich the moveable is brought nearer to the mover, 



called alfo attraSion. 

 ! Traction, Line of, in Mechanics. See Wheels. 

 I TRACTORI.1E, among the Romans, were diplomas or 

 1 tickets given by the emperor to fuch as he fent into, or 

 ' called out of, the provinces ; by which they were entitled 

 ! to the ufe of the public poll, and to be maintained at the 

 , expence of the government. 

 I TRACTRIX, in Geometry, a curve line, called alfo 



catenaria ; which fee. 



TRADE, Traffic, Commerce, the aft, or art, of dealing, 

 j buying, felhng, exchanging, &c. of commodities, bills, 

 j money, &c. 



I For the origin, progrefs, &c. of trade, fee Commerce 

 j and Navig.\tiox. 



It is obferved by Dr. Smith, that all wholefale trade, all 



buying in order to fell again by wholefale, may be reduced 

 j to three different forts ; aiiz. the home trade, the foreign 

 , trade of corfumption, and the carrying trade. The home 

 1 trade is employed in purchafing in one part of the fame 

 \ country, and felling in another, the produce of the in- 

 ' duftry of that country ; and it comprehends both the inland 

 and the coafting trade. The foreign trade of confumption 

 I is employed in purchafing foreign goods for home confump- 

 ; tion. The carrying trade is employed in tranfafting the 



commerce of foreign countries, or in carrying the furplus 



produce of one to another. 



The capital that is employed in the firft kind of trade 

 generally replaces, by every fuch operation, two diftinft 



capitals, that had both been employed in the agriculture or 



manufaftures of that country, ajid thereby enables thfin to 



T R A 



continue that employment. When it fends out from the 

 refidence of the merchant a certain value of commodities, it 

 generally brings back in return at lead an equal value of 

 other commodities. When both are the produce of domeftic 

 induilry, it neceflarily replaces, by every fuch operation, 

 two diltmft capitals, which had both been employed m 

 fupporting produftive labour, and thereby enables them to 

 continue that fupport. 



The capital employed in purchafing foreign goods for 

 home confumption, when this purchafe is made with the 

 produce of domertic induftrj-, replaces, too, by every fuch 

 operation, two diftinft capitals ; one of which only is em- 

 ployed in fupporting domeftic induftry. Though the 

 returns of the foreign trade fhould be as quick as thofe of 

 the home trade, the capital employed in it will give but 

 one-half the encouragement to the induftry or produftive 

 labour of tlie country. But, in faft, the returns of the 

 foreign trade are very feldom fo quick as thofe of the 

 home trade ; the former coming in before the end of the 

 year, and fomctimes three or four times in the year ; and 

 the latter feldom coming in before the end of the year, and 

 fometimes not till after two or three years. The capital, 

 therefore, in the home trade will fometimes make twelve 

 operations, before a capital employed in the foreign trade 

 of confumption has made one. If the capitals are equal, 

 therefore, the one will give twenty-four times more encou- 

 ragement and fupport to the induftry of the couritry than 

 the other. 



That part of the capital of any country which is em- 

 ployed m the carrying trade, is altogether withdrawn from 

 fupporting the produftive labour of that particular country, 

 to fupport that of fome foreign countries. And though 

 it may replace, by every operation, two diftinft capitals, yet 

 neither of them belongs to that particular country. See 

 the illuftration of thefe principles in Smith's Wealth of 

 Nations, vol. ii. p. 60, &c. See Capital. 



The offences againft trade, confidered in a legal view, 

 are oivlivg, or the offence of tranfporting wool or (heep out 

 of this kingdom, to the detriment of its ftaple manufafture, 

 (fee OwLZR,) fmuggling, fraudulent bankruptcy, ufury, cheat- 

 ing, (fee Cheats,) forejialling, regrating, (fee Regrator,) 

 engrojfing, monopely, exercifing a trade in any town, without 

 having previoully ferved as an apprentice for feven years, 

 punifhable by ftatute 5 Ehz. c. 4. with the forfeiture of 

 40;. per month ; and tranfporting and feducing our arti- 

 Jicers and manufaSurers to fettle abroad. See each head. 



Trade, Balance of. See Balance. 



Trade, Board of. See Board. 



Tradinb Society. See Society. 



TRADB-iyinds, denote certain regular winds at fea, blow- 

 ing either conftantly the fame way, or alternately this way 

 and that ; thus called from their great ufe in navigation, 

 and the Indian commerce. 



The trade-winds are of different kinds, fome blowing 

 three or fix months of the year one way, and then the like 

 fpace of time the oppofite way : thefe are very common in 

 the Indian feas, and are called monfoons ; which fee. 



Others blow conftantly the lame way : fuch is that 

 general wind between the tropics, which off at fea is found 

 to blow all day long from eaft to weft. For the pheno- 

 mena of each, with their phyfical caufes, fee Wind. 



Dr. Lifter has a conjefture in the Philofophical Tranfac- 

 tions, N° 156, that the tropical or trade-winds arife, in 

 great part, from the daily and conftant exhalations of a fea- 

 plant, called the fargojfa, or lenticula marina, which grows 

 in vaft quantities from 36° to 18° north latitude, and clfe- 

 where upon the dcepeft feas. For the matter of wind, 

 9 coming 



