T R A 



T R A 



TRAlN-5flW(/r, or TRAitiEV-Ban^s, a name given to the 

 militia of England, particularly to thofe of the city of 

 London. 



TRArN-0/7, the oil procured from the blubber of whales, 

 by boiling. See Whalb and IVha/e-FisuKRY. 



Tkain-/?»(7(/j-, a flight kind of rail-ways for fmall 

 waggons, ufed in mines. 



TRAlK-Scent, in the Manege, a method of trying the 

 fpeed and goodncfs of the horfes deilined to the fport of 

 hunting, fo denominated becaufe the fcent which the hounds 

 hunted, proceeded from fome animal which had previoufly 

 been trained along the fields and over hedges and ditches, 

 according to the pleafure of the perfon who trained or 

 dragged it after him. The rival horfes were to follow the 

 hounds which hunted this fcent, and give proofs of their 

 fpeed and merit, in competition with one another. Of all 

 chaces this was reckoned the fwifteft and moft trying, 

 becaufe the fcent lies the hotted ; fo that the hounds run all 

 the time at the utmoft flretch, and the horfes muft have been 

 exerted to their utmoft powers to keep pace with them. 

 Befides, in this manner of hunting, the fport was always 

 ready when a fox or hare might not eafily be found ; and 

 this mode of matching and running hunters, in order to try 

 their fpeed againft one another, while they followed the 

 dogs, was thought to be more cheering both to the riders 

 and horfes, than to make them run fimply againft one 

 another, or againft time, as the prefent praftice is. When 

 neither the hunting of the hare, nor tlie running of train- 

 fcents, could not decide which horfe is the beft, recourfe 

 was had to another kind of chace, called by horfemen the 

 luild-goofe chace or chafe. See Chase. 



Train, in Geography, a river of France, which runs into 



the Dyle, about 9 miles S. of Lovain Alfo, a town of 



Bavaria, on the Ambs ; 5 miles S. of Abenfperg. 



TRAINA, a town of Sicily, in the valley of Demona, 

 on a river of the fame name ; 56 miles S.E. of Cefalu. 



TRAINED Trees, in Gardening, fuch young fruit- 

 trees as are defigned for walls and efpaliers, being trained in 

 the nurfery to the intended form, by planting them againft 

 any kind of walls, pales, reed-hedges, or other clofe fences ; 

 when a year old from the gr.^fting or budding, training them 

 in the manner of wall or efpalier trees, for two, three, or 

 more years, till they obtain a good fpread of branches, and 

 are arrived to a fruitful ftate, in order that thofe who are in 

 hafte to have their walls or efpaliers covered at once with 

 bearing trees, may have it accompliftied in one feafon. The 

 trees thus trained in the nurfery, &c. on being planted out 

 in autumn or fpring to the places intended, cover the wall or 

 efpalier in fome manner at once, and often bear fruit the 

 enfuing fummer, when the feafon proves favourable for the 

 purpofe. 



In the public nurferies, large quantities of thefe forts of 

 trees are always kept ready trained for fale, particularly 

 peaches, neftarincs, and apricots for walls ; in many places 

 alfo, cherries and plums, &c. likewife apples, pears, and 

 other fruit-trees, for efpaliers ; and are proper to furnifh the 

 walls and efpaliers of new gardens, and occafionally thofe of 

 old ones, to bear fruit till younger trees, planted untrained, 

 become fruitful, or for fupplying the places of old trees that 

 fail, or bear bad fruit. In all cafes of this fort, this mode 

 of planting may often be adopted with great propriety and 

 benefit, and befides much time and trouble be faved by it, 

 in waiting for the trees to become in a bearing ftate, as well 

 as the expence which is conftantly incurred in carrying on 

 the operations and proceffes of preparing young fruit-trees. 

 The difference in the prices of trained trees over thofe of 

 untrained ones is a mere trifle, and of no confideration in fuch 



undertakings. Therefore, in all nurferies fome of the beft 

 forts of thefe trained fruit-trees, both for walls and efpaliers, 

 may be kept ready for thefe purpofes with great utility and 

 advantage. 



When, of courfe, it is intended to raife trained fruit-trees 

 for walls and efpaliers, a quantity of the beft young plants 

 ot the refpeiSive forts, dwarfs and half-ftandards, of one year 

 old, with the firft flioots from the budding and grafting 

 entire, (hould be planted out in autumn againft fome kind 

 of fence in a free open fituation, not lefs than four or five 

 feet high, placing them from five or fix to eight or ten feet 

 diftant, to remain for training. Thefe in the fpring follow- 

 ing, juft as they begin to make an effort for fliooting, 

 ftiould be headed down, with a clean floping cut upward, to 

 within four, five, or fix eyes or buds of their origin, or place 

 of infertion in the ftock, efpecially thofe intended for 

 dwarfs, and the half-ftandards, if worked on tall ftocks ; 

 which prevents their running up too high with a fingle 

 naked ftem, and caufes them to throw out lateral (hoots 

 from the lower part to fill the wall or efpalier regularly 

 with branches quite from the bottom upward ; as they foon 

 after pufli forth ftrong flioots from all the remaining lower 

 buds, fufficient to give the tree its firft proper formation as 

 a wall-tree, &c. ; which flioots, when advanced in length in 

 fummer, fliould be trained along to the fence equally to the 

 right and left, in a fomewhat flaming or inclined pofition at 

 full length till next fpring, when tliele flioots may alfo be cut 

 down to the length of fix or eight inches, to force out a fur- 

 ther fupply of more branches near the bottom, as it is pro- 

 per that they fliould be well furniflied with branches below, 

 in order to cover the wall, &c. at the bottom part, that 

 none of it may be loft or left in an uncovered ftate. 



The fummer's flioots fliould be fliortened in this manner ;' 

 more or lefs the two or three firft fprings, as may be necef- 

 fary, in order to obtain a proper fpread of lower branches 

 to give the tree its intended form ; though this work of 

 cutting in fliort to obtain laterals, may alfo be performed 

 occafionally in fummer, in May or early in June, on the 

 ftrong young flioots of the year, cutting or pinching them 

 down to a few eyes ; but the firft is the beft mode. This 

 laft mode, by forcing out lateral flioots the fame year, often 

 faves time. 



As the fupply of branches thus obtained arrive at proper 

 lengths, in the fummer they fliould be all trained in along 

 clofe to the wall, and if any fore-right or back flioots come 

 out, they fliould be rubbed off clofe, leaving all the well- 

 placed fide and terminal ihoots in every part, and letting the 

 whole, or as many as poflible, be trained in during this 

 feafon, to have a plenty to choofe from in the general 

 pruning feafons of winter and fpring, laying them in clofe 

 to the wall, &c. equally to the right and left, on each fide 

 of the tree, in a fpreading fomewhat horizontal or fan-hke 

 manner, no where croffuig one another but at parallel dif- 

 tances, and moftly all at full length during tlie fummer's 

 growth, to remain till the general winter or fpring pruning. 



In the winter pruning, where more wood was trained up 

 in fummer than appears neceffary, or that can be trained in 

 with due regularity, it fliould be retrenched, as well as any 

 remaining fore-right or back flioots and other irregular 

 growths omitted in the fummer, be now all pruned out, 

 cutting them quite clofe to their origin. The whole 

 fliould then be clofe-nailed to the wall, in fomewhat the 

 fan manner, removing in the firft place all the irregular fide 

 and other flioots of the different branches before they are 

 laid in and nailed. Sec Pruning. 



Having thus procured proper heads, they fliould after- 

 wards be pruned or cut in according to the method peculiar 



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