TRANSPLANTATION. 



rich glow of fruit in the autumn, they may be tranfplanted 

 out fingly into lawns, fields, and parks, where, when judi- 

 cioufly interfperfed with other trees, they may higlily deco- 

 rate fuch fituations. The elevation of ftately trees in clumps, 

 •parks, lawns, or fields, is confidered, on the whole, as having 

 ;a moft agreeable efFeft, but that in new defigns they cannot 

 loften be had without waiting many years, and incurring 

 'much labour, diificulty, and expence. However, by means 

 lof the direftions which have been given above, and the ufe 

 'of the tranfplanter for large trees, it is thought the dif- 

 ficulty may be greatly removed, and a figure be foon made, 

 ;even in bare fields, parks, and about new-built houfes, with- 

 out fuffering fuch inconveniences, which mufl be a great 

 jinducement to fach perfons as are advanced in life to have 

 jrecourfe to the praftice. See Transplanter, Tree. 

 j In the work of preparing for the removal and tranfplant- 

 |ing of large tall foreft -trees, it is recommended as proper to 

 idig a circular trench all round them two or three feet deep, 

 las early as poffible in the fpring ; by which many new 

 (roots will fhoot from thofe which have their ends cut off, 

 [and by which the baUs of earth will be better held together, 

 I when the trees are removed in the fucceeding autumn ; and, 

 Iby their having previoufly produced fo many more fine 

 jradicles of the abforbent kind, be more certain of growing 

 jin their new fituations. After which, the firft ftep to be 

 ■taken in the following autumn, is to mark out the places 

 f where the trees arc to be removed and tranfplanted to, and 

 ; there to dig pits three, four, five, or fix feet wide, having 

 1 the depth of from twenty-four to thirty-fix inches, as the 

 I fize of the roots and balls of earth which hang about them 

 I may be. The top-foil in thefe diggings is to be thrown to 

 I the fides of the pits where the trees are to come, and the 

 ' bottom or poor foil to the other fides. It this ftate the 

 ! pits are to remain until the trees are nearly ready for re- 

 moval, which is to be efFefted in this manner, and is the 

 j next ftep in the bufinefs. It is carefully to raife the trees 

 j which are to be the moft healthy, and fuch as are of the 

 , pyramidical form, with as many roots, herby fibres, and as 

 ' mtich earth about them as poffible. This is to be accom- 

 I plilhed by digging trenches round about them, two, three, 

 ' or four feet from the bodies of the trees, as their fizes may 

 i be, and about three or four feet deep, floping them on 

 ' the fides where the tranfplanter is to receive the trees. Then 

 , to bend the trees fo far to one fide, by the affiftance of ropes, 

 that the bottom roots may be eafily got at, when they may 

 be cut acrofs with a fharp hatchet, and the extremities 

 I fjnoothed, whicli have been fcattered, by a ftiarp hedging-bill, 

 when rearing them upright again, bend them to the con- 

 trary fide, and drefs the roots in the fame way, then raife 

 them up a fecond time, when they will be ready for tranf- 

 planting. In which cafe, it is direfted that one fet of hands, 

 as one, two, or three men, (hould fill the pits half full of 

 water, the top-foil and other frefh mould being mixed with 

 it to the confiftence of a thin puddle. That another fet of 

 men, as two, four, fix, or eight hands, as the fizes of the 

 trees may be, (hould rear up the tranfplanter of the trees 

 againft them by means of the rope for the purpofe, balancing 

 them properly by the machine, and leaving the fore-carriage 

 part of it upon the ground, taking care to furround the 

 places well with ftraw, where they reft upon the bars and 

 bolts, in order to prevent the bark from being galled and 

 rubbed off', which would greatly injure the trees. The 

 whole Ihould then be pulled and brought down together, in 

 a gentle manner, by the rope for the purpofe ; three or 

 four men and a horfe being employed in the bufinefs, where 

 jdecefTary, fteadying well the motion downwards, and at the 



fame time a man or two are to guide the bolt of the machine 

 into the fore-carriage, into which the horfes are then tp be 

 put, and the trees conveyed to the pits, which by this 

 time will be ready for their reception. The carriage is then 

 to be drawn up along that fide of the pits on which the 

 top-foil was laid, backing it until it gets into fuch a pofition, 

 that by rearing the machine and trees upright, as in loading, 

 the root parts with the balls of earth about them, may be 

 dropped exaftly into the centres of the pits, amidft the 

 puddle, wliich will fo run among and into the cavities of 

 the balls hanging to the roots, as to furround and cover 

 every fibre. The pits are then to be filled completely up, 

 and a mound of eai-th raifed about a foot higher than the 

 furface all round each of the trees to two or three feet 

 diftant from the centres, hollowing it towards the trees, for 

 the better reception and retention of moifture. After this, 

 it is fuppofed the trees will be able to brave and defy the 

 rudeft affaults of the winds, without any fupports, even at 

 the firft tranfplanting out. In this manner, the whole 

 bufinefs of tranfplanting large foreft-trees is to be proceeded 

 in, and which has been found very fuccefsful in a variety of 

 trials. 



In garden management, too, large old fruit-trees of both 

 the wall, efpalier, and ftandard kinds have lately been found 

 capable of being tranfplanted with great fuccefs and advan- 

 tage, when performed fomewhat in this fimple manner. 

 When for large wall-trees, it is to be done by forming 

 a half-circle for each in extent equal to the fize of the 

 trees, as feven or eight feet for fuch as cover a large fpace, 

 meafuring from the trunks of them ; digging a trench 

 round that three feet in width, and fix inches below the 

 roots, carefully preferving the whole, and working out 

 the earth from among them with a blunt tool, and cafting 

 out the loofe mould by the fpade. Proceeding thus until 

 got fully under the trees to be raifed. The roots are then 

 to be tied loofely together, and the branches freed from 

 the walls, and put in parcels to prevent their being injured. 

 The trees are now to be conveyed to the places into which 

 they are to be tranfplanted ; where proper-fized pits, for 

 allowing the roots to be fpread out and extended, are to be 

 provided, placing them upright in them, ufing frefti earth 

 alone or mixed with dung, and difpofing them, fo as that 

 the furface roots may be equal with the top of the border 

 in which they are put ; then packing in the weU-broken 

 earth underneath, and for about a foot round the bottoms of 

 the trunks, to fill all vacancies where the roots proceed from. 

 After which, the whole of the perfeft roots are to be 

 attentively fpread out at full length, cutting off any dead, 

 bruifed, or knotty parts ; the ends of the remaining ones 

 being fmoothed and preferved at different lengths, keeping 

 fome at full length, others at five, four, and three feet, and 

 a few even at one foot long, taking care to fave as many of 

 the fmall fibres attached to the leading roots as poflible ; 

 beginning by lajjing the whole out in fets or layers from the 

 bottom at the wall-fide of the half-circle, in tlie fan manner, 

 until the top be reached, arranging the fmall fibres in re- 

 gular order, and covering the different layers of roots with 

 two or three inches in thicknefs of mould, packing it in well 

 by the hand, and never fetting the foot on the roots which 

 have been covered. Proceeding in this way with each fide 

 of the half-circle, until they meet in the middle part of it, 

 raifing the whole with earth to the height of two inches 

 above the level of the border ; and above all applying three 

 inches thick of good rotten dung. A full watering is then 

 to be given, to fettle the earth about the roots. Boards are 

 to be laid to prevent the roots being trodden upon in nail- 

 T 2 ing 



