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on the nortli of Greece, tliougli not in tliat courltry Itfelf, 

 ' uor the iieijrhbourinjr iflaiids. The wooden cut of Camera- 

 , rius, execnted, we beheve, under Conrad Gefner's infpeftion, 

 ( is one of the beft reprefentations of any known plant. — Lin- 

 I naeus miflook the radicles for fubmerfed foliage, like tliat of 

 I Myr'icbhyllum. 



2. T. bicornh. Chinefe Water-caltrops. Linn. Suppl. 

 I 128. Willd. n. 2. Ait. n. 2. Gxrtn. t. 95. Ofbeck's 

 \ Voyage, Engl. ed. v. i. 305. (Bucephalon ; Burm. in Plum. 

 Ic. 56. t. 67. at the bottom. Linkoa, Ling-kamm, or 

 X.eng-ka, of the Chinefe.) — Nuts comprefled, with two op- 

 poilte deflexed horns. — Native of ponds in China. Some of 

 its nuts were procured by fir Jofeph Banks, in bottles of 

 water, from China. Thefe being immerfed in mud at the 

 \ bottom of fome tubs of water at Kew, as well as in Mr. Lod- 

 diges' ftove at Hackney, vegetated, and produced plants 

 hardly diftinguiftiable, in any refpeft, from the foregoing, 

 of which we obtained fpecimens, from the cifterns at Kew, 

 in Oftober 1790. Thefe had the Ihell of the parent nut at 

 their root, fo that no deception could take place. This nut 

 is very different from the former, being twice as large, much 

 compreffed, with two large, divaricated, recurved, oppofite 

 horns, more or lefs pointed, which could hardly be fuppofed 

 to have originated from the calyx. We know nothing of 

 the Jloivers of this fpecies, nor are we perfuaded of its ex- 

 iftence at prefent in the Englilh gardens. Mr. Aiton indeed 

 marks it as a perennial greenhoufe plant, but not as having 

 flowered ; and we prefume, with deference to his well- 

 known accuracy, that it perilhed as an annual, without flow- 

 ering, we having never heard of it fince the firil feafon. One 

 of our fpecimens has feveral Jlems from a fmgle root, which 

 may poflibly be the cafe with T. imtans occafionally. Gaert- 

 ner's figure is difl'erent from Burmann's, and from our Kew 

 fpecimen, in the bluntnefs of its horns. We have a fpeci- 

 men like it, from China or the Eaft Indies, and are not 

 without a fulpicion that it may belong to a third fpecies, 

 whofe herbage is, as yet, unknown to botaniltsj 



TRAPANI, in Geography, a fea-port town of Sicily, 

 in the valley of Mazara, fituated on a peninfula, with a 

 good harbour, defended by a fort, which ft;ands on a fmall 

 ifland, called Colombara. This town was anciently called 

 Drepanum, from the fimilitude its haven is thought to have 

 borne to a fickle. It is ancient, and, according to Virgil, 

 exiftcd in the time of iEneas. According to Diodorus, it 

 was fortified in the firft Punic w ar by Hamilcar, the father 

 of Hannibal. The Carthaginians were always defirous of 

 pofFefrmg this city on account of its harbour. Here is a 

 good pearl-filhery on the coaft, and in the neighbourhood a 

 confiderable falt-work. The number of inhabitants is about 

 20,000; 43 miles W.S.W. of Palermo. N. lat. 38° 5'. 

 E. long. 12° 30'. 



TRAPESO, in Commerce, a weight in Malta, Sicily, 

 and Naples. At Malta, gold and filver arc weighed by the 

 libra or pound of 12 ounces. The ounce is divided into 

 16 parts, or into 32 trapefi, and the trapefo into iSgrani. 

 This pound weighs 4888 Englifii grains : and thus 720 lbs. 

 or oinicesof Malta = 611 lbs. or ounces troy. At Naples, 

 gold and filver are weighed by the libra of 12 ounces, the 

 ounce being fubdivided into 30 trapefi, and' the trapefo 

 into 20 acini. The pound of Naples weighs 4950 troy 

 grams : hence 64 lbs. or ounces =: ^^ lbs. or ounces troy 

 weight. 



TRAPEZA, in Ancient Geography, a promontory of 

 Afia Minor, in the Troade, at the entrance of the Hellef- 

 poiit, and 18 miles from the fmall town of Dardanium. 

 Pliny. 



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TRAPEZIOIDES.I . , , . 

 TRAPEZIUM f "1 -"'"^""y* ''0"6S ot the carpus. 



See ExTREMJTIES. 



Trapezium, in Geometry, a plane figure contained under 

 four unequal right lines. 



TRAPEZIUS, m Anatomy, (cucularis, dorfo-fus-acro- 

 mien,) a broad and flattened mufcle, of triangular fliape, 

 defcribing with that of the oppofite fide the lozenge figiure, 

 whence its name is derived, fituated on the pofterior furface 

 of the neck and back, and reaching from the head and ver- 

 tebral column to the fcapula and clavicle. Its line of origio 

 is very long. It arifes, by a thin aponeurofis, from the 

 occipital tuberofity, and the external tranfverfe ridge of the 

 bone ; from the ligamentum nuchse in its whole length ; 

 from the fpinous procefs of the laft cervical vertebra ;' from 

 the fpines of all the dorfal vertebrae, and the intervening 

 interfpinal ligaments, by means of (hort aponeurotic fibres, 

 except from the fixth cervical to the third dorfal vertebra 

 inclufively, where thefe fibres are much longer, and form a 

 broad femioval aponeurofis. At the lower part too, the 

 origin of the trapezius prefents an aponeurofis of fome 

 breadth. The mufcular fibres purfue various diredlions : 

 the fuperior, which are the thinneft, defcend ; the middle 

 ones pafs horizontally ; and the inferior ones afcend : the 

 two latter portions are much thicker than the upper. The 

 middle fibres are the fliorteil, the upper and lower confider- 

 ably longer. The fibres converge towards the flioulder, 

 and form a flat aponeurofis, which, having pafled over the 

 fmooth triangular fpace at the root of the fpine of the 

 fcapula, is fixed to the fuperior margin of that procefs in 

 its whole length, to the fuperior margin of the acromion, 

 to the ligaments of the fcapulo-clavicular joint, and to one 

 third of the pofterior edge of the clavicle. Numerous 

 flefliy fibres are inferted, with aponeurotic ones, in the 

 acromion and clavicle. 



The pofterior flat furface of the trapezius is every where 

 fubcutaneous ; the cellular fubftance between it and the Ikin 

 does not contain much fat, particularly about the neck. 

 Its anterior furface covers the complexus, fplenii, levator 

 fcapulje, ferratus fuperior pofticus, fuprafpinatus, rliom- 

 boideus, the triangular furface at the root of the fcapular 

 fpine, the infrafpinatus, latiflimus dorfi, and a fmall portion 

 of the longiflimus dorfi and facrolumbalis. The upper 

 and lower edges of the mufcle are oblique : the former from 

 the occiput to the clavicle, the latter from the laft dorfal 

 vertebra to the fcapula. 



The trapezius carries the fhoulder backwards, at the fame 

 time making the fcapula rotate, fo as to turn its inferior 

 angle forwards, and the fuperior backwards. In this way 

 the flioulder is elevated, as in fupporting a burden. If 

 the levator fcapula afts with it, the fcapula is moved di- 

 reftly upwards: if the rhomboidcus, direftly backwards. 

 When the flioulder is fixed, it will extend the head, and 

 incline it, with the trunk, to one fide. 



TRAPEZOID, in Geometry, a plane irregular figure, 

 having four fides, no two of which are parallel to each 

 other. 



TRAPEZOPOLIS, in Amlent Geography, a town of 

 Afia Minor, in the interior of Caria. Ptolemy. 



TRAPEZUNTINA Laurus, a name ufed by fome 

 botanical authors for the laurocerafus, or common laurel. 



TRAPEZUNTIUS, in Biography. See Geoi;ge of 

 Treb'ijond. 



TRAPEZUS, Treuisonde, in Ancient Geography, a 

 populous town of Greece, E. of Pontus, and on the coaft 

 of the Euxine fea. It was a colony of Sinope. i'o^ the 



retreat 



