T R A 



T R A 



is about loo miles in circuit, on the continent, produces 

 very little wine, and fcarcely any oil. The flocks that feed 

 there, together with thofe on the ifland under the fame 

 jurifdiftion, yield about 400,000 pounds of cheefe, and 

 wool in proportion. The number of inhabitants in this 

 territory is about 20,000 ; 1 2 miles W. of Spalatro. N. 

 lat. 43° 30'. E. long. 16^ 30'. 



Trau Vecchia, a town of Dalmatia ; 1 2 miles S.W. 

 of Trau. 



TRAVAIATO, a town of Italy, in the department of 

 the Mela ; 6 miles W.S.W. of Brefcia. 



TRAVAIL, (from the French verb, travaUler,) labour, 

 toil, fatigue ; but it is more generally applied to the pains 

 of labour, or child-birth. See Labouk. 



Travail, in the Manege. See Tkavice. 



TRAVAILLER, Fr., in Mufc, to labour, work. In 

 Englifh mufic, a fugue is faid to be ivell-ivoried, when the 

 fubjeft is frequently and ingenioufly brought in, with new 

 accompaniments and modulation : and an inward pai't of a 

 Polyphonic compofition is faid to be nvell-iuorked, if fome 

 particular defign is carried on in a fpirited manner, while 

 the other parts are fullaining flow notes in pure and pleafing 

 harmony. The Italians exprefs much the fame at prefent 

 by the term ttrato. A fubjeft or theme well treated, is 

 faid to be ben tirata. The old Italian mafters ufed to call 

 any feries of notes afcending or defcending, regularly ttrata, 

 in the fame fenfe as the French tirade ; which fee. 



TRAVANCORE, in Geography, a city of Hindooftan, 

 and capital of a country of the fame name ; 108 miles 

 S.S.W. of Madura. N. lat. 8° 22'. E. long. 77° 14'. 



Travancore, a country of Hindoollan, lituated ia the 

 S. part of the coaft of Malabar, and weftward of the Car- 

 natic ; about 90 miles in extent from N. to S. ; governed 

 by a rajah. This country began to rife into importance 

 about the year 1730, by the abihties of the king, or rajah. 

 Around the capital and chief province, he fuffered the 

 woods to grow for a number of years, till they formed an 

 impenetrable belt of great depth. This, cut into labyrinths, 

 afforded c;ify egrefs to his people, and rendered all attacks 

 from without imprafticable. Immured within thefe natural 

 fortifications, he encouraged the cultivation of the arts and 

 fciences ; he invited the approach of men of genius and 

 knowledge ; he cultivated the friendfliip of the Brahmins, 

 and was himfelf admitted into their fociety, by the ceremony 

 of paffing (as Raynal fays) through a golden cow, which 

 became the property of the Brahmins, the cow being facred 

 in India, as formerly ia Egypt ; and by preparing his own 

 military ftores, calling iron, making gunpowder, &c. he 

 rendered himfelf independent of foreign aid. The fubjefts 

 of his remoter provinces, who, to avoid the ravages of war, 

 had taken refuge within the woody circle, now returned 

 with their families and effefts to their former habitations. 

 Even the approach to this difficult retreat was impeded by 

 the famous lines of Travancore, which extended from the 

 fouthern banks of the river Cranganore, clofe to the fea, to the 

 foot of the Ghauts, ftrongly fortified in their whole extent. 

 Thefe proved the firft check to the ambition of Tippoo 

 Sultan. Tippoo, from the outfide of the lines, was a fpec- 

 tator of the horrid carnage of his foldiers. The Nayrs 

 preffed on him on all fides, and being repulfed with difgrace, 

 and himfelf thrown from his horfe in the retreat, he is faid 

 to have made an oath, that he never would wear his turban 

 again, till he had taken the rajah's lines ; and accordingly 

 he prepared to attack them by regular approach. On April 

 1 2th, 1790, he completely executed his menaces, and laid 

 Cranganore in ruins, carried defolation through the coun- 

 try, and put every opponent to flight. 

 8 



TRAVAY Bay, a bay on the S.W. coaft of Tiree, 

 one of the Weilern illands of Scotland. N. lat. 56° 31'. 

 W. long. 6° 48'. ' 



TRAUCHBURG, or Trauenburg, a town and caftle 

 of Germany, in the circle of Swabia, which gives name to 

 a fmall county fituated to the S.W. of the territory of 

 Kempten ; 12 miles E. of Wangen. 



TRAVE, a river of Germany, which rifes from a lake 

 in the duchy of Holftein, 2 miles W. of Arenfboeck, pafles 

 by Oldeflohe, Lubeck, &c. and runs into the Baltic, about 

 10 miles N.E. of Lubeck. N. lat. 54°. E. long. 10° 55'. 



Trave, in Agriculture, a term applied, in fome diftrifts, 

 as Eflex, to a large fort of ilouk of the wheat kind. In the 

 work of traving, fourteen flieaves are fet in a flanting pofi- 

 tion, head to head, acrofs a furrow, and preffed together as 

 clofe as may be ; a fingle fheaf being then firmly placed in 

 the furrow againft each end of the trave. The traves are 

 by this means made quite fecure, folid, and compaft, and 

 may defy almoft any force and violence of the wind. In 

 fome cafes, infl;ead of placing flieaves at the ends in this 

 way, they are laid along the top or ridge of the trave ; 

 which, without doubt, at once better preferves the trave 

 from the rain and wet, and gives a freer paffage to the air 

 between the flieaves, and fooner dries them, in cafe of their 

 having been thoroughly foaked with rain ; but then they 

 are not nearly fo ftrong to withlland powerful florms and 

 blaft;s of wind as in the other mode of conftrufting them. 

 See Harvesting. 



Trave, among Farriers, the fame with travice. , 



TRAVELLER, in a Ship, a fort of thimble, whofe 

 diameter is much longer, in proportion to the breadth of its 

 furface, than the common ones. It is furnifhed with a tail 

 formed of a piece of rope, about three feet in length, one 

 end of which encircles the ring to which it is fpliced. 

 Thefe machines are principally intended to facihtate the ] 

 hoilling or lowering of the top-gallant-yards at fea: for 

 which purpofe, two of them are fixed on each back-ftay, 

 whereon tiiey Aide upwards and downwards, like the ring of 

 a curtain upon its rod ; being thus attached to the extremi- 

 ties of the top-gallant -yard, they prevent it from fwinging 

 backwards and forwards, by the agitation of the fliip, whilfl 

 the yard is hoifting or lowering at fea. Falconer. 



Traveller'j- Joy, in Botany. See Clematis. 



TRAVEMUNDEN, in Geography, a fea-port of the i 

 duchy of Holftein, on the Baltic, at the mouth of the 

 Trave, belonging to the city of Lubeck, which appoints a 

 governor or commandant. The harbour is capable of con- 

 taining 60 veflels, and deep enough for thofe of 200 tons. 

 Men of war ride at anchor in the road. Travemunden is j 

 defended by a fmail fortrefs, mounting 40 guns, and a gar- j 

 rifon of 50 men ; 8 miles N.E. of Lubeck. N. lat. 54° 

 E. long. 10° 51'. 



TRAVENDAL, a town of Holftein, on the Trave; 

 2 miles S.W. of Segeborg. 



TRAVE RON, a town of France, in the department ' 

 of the Meufe ; 10 miles E. of Gondrecourt. 



TRAVERS, John, in Biography, a mufician brought 

 up in St. George's chapel at Windfor, and afterwards bound 

 apprentice to Dr. Greene, about the year 1730, was eletled 

 organifl: of St. Paul's Covent-Garden ; and in 1737, on 

 the death of Jonathan Martin, was appointed one of the 

 organifts of the king's chapel. He afterwards attached 

 himfelf to Dr. Pepufch, and confined his ftudies folely to 

 the correft, dry, and fancilefs ftyle of that mailer. His 

 compofitions, however pure the harmony, can only be 

 ranked with pieces of mechanifm, which labour alone may 

 produce, without the affiftance of genius. 



His 



