1: R A 



T R A 



num. and the fame extent laid the fame way will reach to 38 

 on the num. as before : and in like manner may the reft, 

 and all others of the like kind, be wrought with cafe and 

 difpatch. See Mountaine's Defcription of the Lines drawn 

 on Gunter's Scale, as improved by Mr. .]. Robertfon, and 

 executed by Mcflrs. Nairne and Blunt, p. 32, &c. 



TliAVEliSF.-Board, in a Ship, a little round board hanging 



\ip in the fteerage, and bored full of holes upon lines 



' iTiewing the points of the compafs upon it. By moving of a 



' little peg from hole to hole, the lleerfman keeps an account 



■ how many glaffes, that is half -hours, the (hip fteers upon any 

 ' point. 



This implement is particularly ufeful in light and va- 



; riable winds. Thus, if the wind is northerly at the be- 



I ginning of the watch, the (hip, being clofe -hauled on the 



i Lu-board-tack, will fteer W.N.W. If, after the firft half- 



hour, the wind changes toN. by W., the (hip will fall off to 



■ W. by N. Both thefe courfes are marked by the helmfman 

 upon the traverfe-board, by putting in one peg for every 



[ half-hour in which (he fteers the fame courfe : as one peg 

 into W.N.W. and two pegs into W. by N., if (he fails an 

 hour on the latter courfe ; and fo on. The lee-way and 

 variation of the compafs are afterwards allowed by the pilot, 

 on fumming up the whole. 



TaAVEKSE-7'iiWi', in Na-vigat'wn, is the fame with a table 

 of difference of latitude and departure ; being only the dif- 

 ference of latitude and departure ready calculated to every 

 degree, point, half-point, and quarter-point of the quadrant ; 

 and for any diftance under one hundred miles, though it 

 may conveniently ferve for greater diftances, by taking their 

 halves, thirds, fourths, &c. and doubling, tripling, quad- 

 rupling, &c. the difference of latitude and departure found 

 to thofe parts of the diftance. 



This table is one of the moft neceffary things a navigator 

 has occafion for ; for by it he can readily reduce all his 

 courfes and diftances, run in the fpace of twenty-four hours, 

 into one courfe and diftance ; whence the latitude he is in, 

 an d Ins departure from the meridian, may be found. 



See a t.ible of this kind, in which the diftances are con- 

 tinued to one hundred and twenty, for the fake of more eafy 

 fubdivifions, and which is divided into two parts ; the firft 

 containing the whole points and quarter-points in a quadrant, 

 and the fecond part fitted to every degree and quarter of a 

 degree in the quadrant ; in Robertfon's Navigation, at the 

 clofe of book 7. See alfo a table of the fame kind in 

 Mackay's Complete Navigator. 



Traverse the TarJ, on board a (liip, is to brace it aft. 



Traverse, in Law, denotes the denial of fome matter of 

 faft, alleged to be done in a declaration, or pleadings ; upon 

 which the other fide coming, and maintaining that it was 

 done, iftiie is joined for the caufe to proceed to trial. 



The formal words of a tra-jerfe are in the law-French 

 fans ceo; m Latin, ai/que hoc; in Englifti, without 

 that, &c. 



An anfwer, fays Weft, (fpeaking of bills in chancery,) is 

 that which the defendant pleadeth or faith in bar to avoid 

 the plaintiff's bill or aftion, either by confeffmg and avoid- 

 ing, or by denying and traverfing the material parts of it. 

 A replication is the plaintiff's reply to the defendant's anfwer, 

 which mull affirm and purfue his bill, and confefs and avoid, 

 deny or traverfe, the defendant's anfwer. 



A plea is naught, which neither traverfes nor confeffeth 

 the plaintiff's title, &c. Every matter of faft alleged by 

 the plaintiff may be traverfed by the defendant, but not 

 matter of law, or what is part matter of law and part 

 matter of faft ; nor may a record be traverfed, as this is not 

 to be tried by a jury. 



If a matter be exprcfsly pleaded in the affirmative, which 

 is exprefsly anfwered in the jiegative, no traverle is neceffary, 

 there bein^ a fufScient ifTue joined : alfo where the de'^nd- 

 ant hath given a particular anfwer in his plea to all the ma- 

 terial points contained in the declaration, he need not take a 

 traverle : becaufe when the thing is anfwered, there needs 

 no farther denial. 



Traver.se of an Indictment or Prefentment is the contra- 

 difting or denying fome chief point of it, and taking iffue 

 thereon. See Indictment, and Presentment. 



Thus, in a prefentment againft a perfon for a highway 

 overflowed with water, for default of fcouring a ditch, &c. 

 he may either traverfe the matter, by alleging that there is no 

 highway, or that the ditch is fufficiently fcoured ; or he may 

 tra-verfe the caufe, ihx. by alleging that he hath not the 

 land, or that he and they whofe eftate, &c. have not ufed 

 to clean the ditch. 



It is not cuftomary, nor agreeable to the general courfe 

 of proceedings, unlefs by confent of parties, to try perfons 

 indifted of fmaller mifdemeanors at the fame court in which 

 they have pleaded not guilty, or traverfed the indiftment. 

 But they ufually give fecurity to the court, to appear at 

 the next alTizes or felTions, and then and there to try the 

 traverfe, giving notice to the profecutor of the fame. 



Traverse of an Office, is the proving that an inquifition 

 made of lands or goods is defective, and untruly made. 

 See Office. 



No perfon (hall traverfe an office, unlefs he can make to 

 himfelf a good right and title : and if one be admitted to 

 traverfe an office, this admiflion of the party to the traverfe 

 fuppofes the title to be in him, or elfe he could have no 

 caufe to traverfe. 



Traverse is fometimcs ufed in Heraldry, for a parti- 

 tion of an efcutcheon, which they blazon parti per pale, 

 traverfe, argent and gules. 



Traverse, in the Manege. A horfe is faid to traverfe, 

 when he cuts his tread crofs-wife ; throwing his croupe to 

 one lide, and his head to another. 

 Traverse Tyles. See Tyle. 



Traverse Bay, Grand, in Geography, a bay on the 

 eaft fide of lake Michigan. N. lat. 44° 45'. W. long. 85°. 



Traverse Iflands, a chain of illands at the eaft end of 

 Noquet's bay, in lake Michigan : on one of the largeft is 

 a town of the Ottoway Indians. 



Traverse River, a river of Louifiana, which runs into 

 the Miffouri, N. lat. 38° 30'. W. long. 92° 5'. 



TRAVERSIERE, Flute, commonly called the Ger- 

 man-flute, being fuppofed of German invention. But it 

 has its title of Jlute traver/iere in France, from the dift'erent 

 manner of holding it from that of la flute a bee, or 

 common flute. 



Its original compafs was from the loweft J) in the treble, 

 to a in altifTimo. 



Such was the extent of the fcale in 1752, when Quantz 

 pubhfhed his " Methode de la Flute," who was the late 

 Frederic king of Pruffia's mafter on that inftrument, and 

 the firft who added keys to correft and clear the bad notes. 



In the foho Encyclopedic, torn. vi. there is a fcale of all 

 the tones, femi-tones, and (hakes poffible on the inftrument, 

 with an additional half-note, C* or Do, below tlie ufual 

 loweft note of its compafs, and three notes above A in 

 altifTimo, the higheft note of Quantz's fcale. See Mufic 

 Plates. 



For the hiftory of the flute traverfiere, Quantz tells us 

 that in the year 1620 it had no key to make D * or E b, 

 and was called the Swifs flute. It was the French who 

 added the firft key j but it was not known by whom or 



when. 



