THE 



T R E 



liquors are fcverally to be boiled down in a copper till they 

 begin to iiifpifTate, and then to be poured into a balneum 

 Maria;, when the remainder of the evaporation may be 

 finifhed without burning tli' infpiflated juices : thus pre- 

 pared, it may be at any time reduced to the ftate of wort, 

 only by adding a fufFicient quantity of warm water. 



Treacle is employed for the more quickly fattening fome 

 forts of domeftic animals, fuch as Iheep and neat cattle, 

 when properly mixed and united with different forts of 

 dry materials, fuch as pollard, bruifed grain, cut hay, and 

 many other matters of the fame nature, as they mollly foon 

 become very fond of it, and it is well known to be of a very 

 nutrient quality. Trials have been made with it in this 

 view, with great fuccefs. See STALL-FeeJIng. 



TREACLE-MiiJlarJ, or Mithridate, in Botany. See 

 Thlaspi. 



The feed enters into the compofition of the theriaca, 

 and externally ufed, cleanfes all forts of ulcers, and is alfo a 

 ptarmic, but not very common. It is reckoned an enemy 

 to pregnant women, becaufe it kills the foetus. James. 

 See Thlaspeos Semen. 



TREACLE-MiiJlnrJ, is alfo a name given to the clypeola. 



TnEACLE-IVii/er, /Iqua Tbermcalh, a compound cor- 

 dial, or fpirituous water, dillilled with a fpirituous men- 

 ftruum, from any cordial and fudorific drugs and herbs, 

 with a mixture of fome of the theriaca Andromachi, or 

 Venice treacle ; whence its name. 



TREAD, in the Manege. See Piste. 



The tread of a horfe is confidered to be good, when 

 firm, and without the animal refting upon one fide of the 

 foot more than upon the other, or fetting down the toe or 

 heel one before the other. Where the heels are firft fet 

 down to the ground, it is often fuppofed to be a fign that 

 the animal is unfound in its feet. And where the toes are 

 firft put to the ground, it is confidered as (hewing that the 

 horfe has been ot the team or draught kind. Confequently, 

 in a good going horfe of the faddle fort, the whole foot 

 fhould be fet down equally, at the fame inftant of time, and 

 neither turned out nor in, in any perceptible degree. 



Tread upon the Coronet, is a term apphed to any injury 

 which is done to it by the treading of the other horfes or 

 animals on it. See Coronet. 



TREADHAVEN Creek, in Geography, a branch of 

 the river Choptank. 



TREADING m Wheat, in Agriculture, the praftice of 

 making fuch land as is light, fandy, and friable, hard and 

 P.rm by fuch means after the feed has been put into it, in 

 order to lecure its vegetation and growth in a more perfeft 

 manner. It has been fuggefted as ufeful on different kinds 

 of foil, but it is evidently the moft proper for thofe that are 

 light and open, either from their particular nature and 

 quality, or the forts of crops by which they have been occu- 

 pied, as thofe of the potatoe, turnip, or other fimilar kinds. 

 In all fuch cafes, it will be found of great utility and ad- 

 vantage in promoting the ellablifhment of the roots of the 

 plants, by forcing the wheat to ftrike more ilrongly into 

 the foil, and by keeping the frofts from injuring and tlu-ow- 

 ing them out while in the early (late of their growth. But 

 in ftronger lands it may be injurious and hurtful in many 

 inftances, and moftly unneceffary. 



The bell mode of cfFecfing it is probably by the ufe of 

 (heep immediately after the land has been fown and harrowed, 

 by turning them upon it in fufficient quantities, as they 

 do it in a very effeftual manner. Some have, however, re- 

 courfe to other forts of animals, as neat cattle and horfes, 

 and to rolling ; but this lall feldom anfwers well, as it is 

 liable to increafe the friability below in fuch foils. The 



cattle and horfes, when in fufficient number, often produce 

 much benefit in this way ; and in fome places, where the 

 land is of a foft abraded ilony quality, teams of fix or eight 

 oxen are ufed in covering in the feed, in drawing a lio-ht 

 pair of harrows, in this intention. Wherever treading is 

 neceffary in this view, it fhould conftantly be performed in 

 an effeilual manner, with whatever fort of live-ftock it is 

 done, whether fheep, oxen, or horfes. Sometimes treading 

 is found beneficial for wheat, on fuch foils, fo late as 

 March, even more fo than at the time of putting in the feed, 

 as tending to deftroy weeds, fuch as the corn-poppy, &c. 



The praftice of treading in the wheat is, of courfe, 

 moftly to be adopted, in all thefe cafes, as tending to fecure 

 and increafe the quantity of the produce whenever fuch 

 forts of land are fown with that kind of crop. See 

 Wheat. 



TREASON, Treachery, the aft or crime of infidelity 

 to one's lawful fovereign. 



Treafon is a general appellation made ufe by the law, 

 to denote not only offences againft the king and government, 

 but alfo that accumulation of guilt wiiich arifes whenever 

 a fuperior repofes a confidence in a fubjeft or inferior, be- 

 tween whom and himfelf there fubfifls a natural, civil, or 

 even Ipiritual relation ; and the inferior fo abufes that con- 

 fidence, and fo forgets the obligation of duty, fubjeftion, 

 and allegiance, as to deftroy the life of any fuch fuperior or 

 lord. Whence 



Treafon, in our laws, is of two forts, high and petty. 



TiiEA.s(jM, High, or Treafon Paramount, which is equi- 

 valent to the crimen UJ'ie majejlatls of the Romans, (asGlanvil 

 denominates it alio in our Englilh law,) is an offence com- 

 mitted againft the fecurity of the king or kingdom, whether 

 by imagination, word, or deed. 



In order to prevent the inconveniences which arofe in 

 England from a multitude of conftruftive treafons, the 

 ftatute 25 Edw. III. c. 2. was made ; which defines what 

 offences only for the future ftiould be held to be treafon : 

 and this ftatute comprehends all kinds of high-treafon 

 under feven diftinft branches. 



I. " When a man doth compafs or imagine the death of 

 our lord the king, of our lady his queen, or of their eldefl 

 fon and heir." A queen pregnant is alfo within the words 

 of the aft, though it does not extend to the hufband of 

 fuch a queen. And the king here intended is the king in 

 poffelfion, without any refpeft to his title : confequently, a 

 king who has refigned his crown, fuch refignation being 

 admitted and ratified in parliament, is no longer the objeft 

 of high-treafon : and the fame reafon holds in cafe the king 

 abdicates the government ; or, by aftions fubverfive of the 

 conftitutiou, virtually renounces the authority which he 

 claims by that very conftitution. As the compaffing or 

 imagination, expreffed by this llatute, is an aft of the mind, 

 it cannot poffibly fall under any judicial cognizance, unlefs 

 it be demonftrated by fome open or overt aft. The ftatute 

 expi-efsly requires, that the accufed " be thereof upon fuf- 

 ficient proof attainted of fome open aft by men of his own 

 condition." Thus to provide weapons or ammunition for 

 the purpofe of killing the king, is held to be a palpable 

 overt aft of treafon in imagining his death : to confpire to 

 imprifon the king by force, and move towards it by affem- 

 bhng company, is an overt aft of compaffing the king's 

 death : and taking any meafures to render treafonable pur- 

 poles effeftual, as affembbng and confulting on the means 

 to kill the king, is a fufficient overt aft of high-treafon. It 

 flow feems clearly to be agreed, that, by the common law 

 and the ftatute of Edw. III., words fpoken amount only to 

 a high mifdemeanor, and no treafon. If the words be fet 



down 



