T R E 



Treasurer of the County, he that keeps the county 

 ftock. 



There are two of them in each county, chofen by the 

 major part of the juilices of the peace, &o. at their general 

 quarter-feflion ; under previous fecurity given for the money 

 entrufted with them, and the faithful execution of the trufts 

 repofed in them. 



The juftices may continue or remove thefe trcafurers at 

 pleafurc, and allow each of them a falary of 20/. a year. 



The county ftock, of which this officer hath the keeping, 

 is raifed by rating every pariih yearly ; and is difpofed of to 

 charitable ufes, for the relief of maimed foldiers and ma- 

 riners, prifoners in the county-gaols, paying the falaries of 

 gorernors of houfes of correftion, and relieving poor alms- 

 houfes, &c. And the duty of thefe treafurers, with the 

 manner of raifing the ftock, and how it ftiall be difpofed of, 

 is fet forth particularly in the ftatutes of 43 Eliz. cap. 2. 

 Jac.I. cap.4. II & 12 W. III. cap. 18. 5Ann.cap.32. 

 6 Geo. I. cap. 23. See particularly 1 1 Geo. II. c. 20, and 

 12 Geo. II. cap. 29. 



Treasurer, in Cathedral Churches, an officer whofe bufi- 

 iiefs was to take charge of the veftments, plate, jewels, relics, 

 and other treafures belonging to the faid churches. At the 

 time of the Reformation, the office was extinguifhed as need- 

 lefs in moft cathedral churches ; but it is ftill remaining in 

 thofe of SaHft)ury, London, &c. 



T RE ASU R Y, the place in which the revenues of a prince 

 are received, preferved, and dift)urfed. 



In England, the treafury is a part of the exchequer ; by 

 fome called the lower exchequer. 



The officers of his majefty's treafury, or the lower exche- 

 quer, are the lords-commiflioners, one of whom is chancel- 

 lor, two joint fecretaries, private fecretary to the firft lord, 

 two chamberlains, an auditor, four tellers, a clerk of the pells, 

 ulhersofthe receipt, a tally-cutter, &c. See each officer 

 under his proper article, Chancellor, Teller, Tally, 

 &c. 



At Rome, under the emperors, there were two kinds of 

 treafuries, the one called tsrarlum, wherein the monies d«f- 

 tined to fupport the charges of the government were kept ; 

 the oihet Jifcus, wherein were preferved thofe intended for 

 the particular fubliftence of the emperor and his court. In 

 effeft, the serarium belonged to the people, and the fifcus to 

 the prince. See ^Erarium and Fiscus. 



We have ftill a refemblance of this difference among us ; 

 but it is confounded in France, &c. where the king difpofes 

 abfolutely of the public treafure, &c. 



The Athenian treafury was facred to Jupiter Imt)i§, or 

 the Saviour, and to Plutus the god of riches. Befides the 

 public monies, there were always a thoufand talents kept in 

 it, which it was capital to touch, unlefs on the moft preffing 

 occafions. See Opisthodomus. 



The funds among the Athenians, which fupplied their 

 treafury, were four ; viz. the tele, ran ; the phori, if o^oi ; the 

 etfphora, liy^a^ou ; and the timemata, tI|U)i^«tx. 



The public treafury was divided into three parts, accord- 

 ing to the ufe it was apphed to : as, i . The ^f "M""* "!> 

 JioixuViajf, or that expended in civil ufes. 2. The rfalioTixa 

 X^Kfjiy-x, or money defigned to defray the charges of war. 

 3. The SnojiKa, or money intended for pious ufes, in which 

 they included the expences at plays, public ftiows, and fef- 

 tivals, &c. Potter Archjeol. GrjEC. torn. i. p. 82. 



To each of tliefe branches of the public revenue there was 

 a treafurir appointed, as ra/^iaj tSj JioiJctio-stif, -ruv r^altoliKut, 

 and Citii^iK'jty. 



Tbeasurv, Lordi of the. In lieu of one fingle direftor 

 and adminiftrator of his majefty's revenues, under the title 



T 11 E 



of lord high-trealurer, it is frequently thought proper to 



put that office in comraiffion, i. e. to appoint feveral perfons 



■ to difcharge it, with equal authority, under the title of lords- 



commiffioners of the treafury. See Lord-high-'TR'EJi.s.VKZK 



Treasury Iflands, in Geography, a clufter of ifland 

 among Solomon's iflands. S. lat. 6^ 38' to 7° 30'. E. long. 

 155° 34' to 156°. 



TREAT, in our old Law-Books, fignifies as much as 

 taken out, or luithdrawn. Thus a juror was cliallenged, be- 

 caufe he could not difpend 40/. and therefore was treat by 

 the ftatute, or difcharged. 



TREATISE, Tractatus, a let difcourfe in writing, 

 on any fubjcft. 



A treatife is fuppofed more exprefs, formal, and metho- 

 dical, than an eflay ; but lefs fo than a fyftem. 



TREATY, Lat, Fediis, a covenant between feveral na- 

 tions ; or the feveral articles or conditions ftipulated and 

 agreed upon between fovereign powers. 



Sovereigns treat with each other by their proxies, who are 

 inverted with fufficient power, and who are commonly called 

 plenipotentiaries. The rights of the proxy are exprefled in 

 the inftruftions that are given him ; but every thing he pro- 

 mifes within the terms of his commiffion, and the extent of his 

 powers, bind his conftituent. At prefent, in order to avoid all 

 danger and difficulty, princes referve to themfelves the rati- 

 fication of what has been concluded upon in their name by 

 their minifters. A treaty is valid, if there be no fault in the 

 manner in which it was concluded ; and for this purpofe 

 nothing more can be required than a fufficient power in the 

 contrafting parties, and their mutual confent, fufficiently de- 

 clared. If, however, a treaty has been honeftly concluded by 

 a fovereign without his perceiving any iniquity in it, and turns 

 at length to the detriment of an ally, nothing can be more 

 amiable, more laudable, more conformable to the reciprocal 

 duties of nations, than to yield as much as poffiblc, without 

 being wanting tohimfelf, vrithout putting himfelf in danger, 

 or without fuffering a confiderable lofs. Since every treaty 

 ought to be made with a fufficient power, a treaty pernicious 

 to the ftate is null, and not at all obligatory ; no conduftor 

 of the nation having the power to enter into engagements to 

 do fuch things as are capable of dcftroying the ftate, for the 

 fafety of which the empire is entrufted to him. Moreover, 

 a treaty made for an unjuft and difhoneft intention is abfo- 

 lutely null ; nobody having a right to engage to do things 

 contrary to the law of nature. Nations and their conduc- 

 tors ought to keep their promifes and their treaties inviola- 

 ble. This great truth, though too often neglefted in prac- 

 tice, is generally acknowledged by all nations : the reproach 

 of perfidy is efteemed by fovereigns a moft atrocious injury ; 

 and he who does not obferve a treaty is certainly perfidious, 

 fince he violates his faith. On the contrary, nothing adds 

 fo great a glory to a prince, and the nation he governs, as 

 the reputation of an inviolable fidelity to his promife. To 

 violate a treaty, is to violate the perfeft right of him with 

 whom we have contraftcd, and this is to do him an injury. 

 No fubfequent treaty can be made contrary to tliofe that ac- 

 tually fubfift. Nothing hinders a fovereign from entering 

 into engagements of the fame nature with two or more na- 

 tions, if he is at the fame time able to fulfil them with re- 

 fpeft to all his allies. But in caufes of competition or dif- 

 ference, the moft ancient ally ought to be preferred ; and, 

 befides, the juftice of the caufe is another reafon of pre- 

 ference between two allies ; nor ought we to affift him whofe 

 caufe is unjuft, whether he be at war with one of our allies, 

 or with another ftate. 



Grotius (De Jure BeUi et Prin. 1. ii. c. 15. § ^.) divides 



treaties into two general daffes : viz. 1. Thofe which turn 



7 merely 



