T R E 



T R E 



treaty, obligatory upon the whole nation ; it is aKo a real 

 treaty, obliging fucceflbrs as well as the prince who figned it, 

 fince it obhges the ftate itfelf. 



Treaties of commerce are the compafts or agreements by 

 which different ftates fectire to themfclves and to one another 

 fomething conftant in their muttial trading intercourfe ; and 

 they are ufually followed by various tarifs, to adjuft the 

 duties of exportation and importation of merchandizes into 

 the refpeftive dominions of the contrafting powers. 



A nation having a full right to regulate itfelf in com- 

 mercial affairs by what is ufeful or advantageous, it may 

 make fuch commercial treaties as it fhall think proper ; and 

 no other has a right to take offence, provided thefe treaties 

 do not affedt the perfeA rights of another. Every fuch 

 treaty is allowable among nations, and the execution of it 

 ought not to be oppofed ; but that alone is in itfelf juft and 

 commendable, which, as far as is poffible and reafonable in 

 the particular cafe, is tranfafled with a tendernefs for the 

 general intereit. Nations may accordingly, in their treaties, 

 infert fuch claufes and conditions as they think proper ; and 

 tliey are at liberty to make them perpetual or temporary, 

 or dependent on certain events. But when once a nation 

 has entered into engagements by treaty, it is no longer at 

 liberty to do, in favour of others, contrary to the tenor of 

 the treaty, what it might otherwife have granted to them, 

 agreeably to the duties of humanity, or the general obliga- 

 tion of reciprocal commerce ; being to do for others no 

 more than what is in its power. Having deprived itfelf of 

 the liberty of difpofing of a thing, that thing is no longer 

 in Its power. Therefore, when a nation has engaged to 

 another that it will fell only to them certain goods or pro- 

 vifions, as, e. gr. corn ; it can no longer carry them for 

 fale to another market. The cafe is the fame in a contraft 

 to purchafe certain goods only of that nation. The natural 

 liberty of trade is not hurt by treaties of this nature ; for 

 this liberty confifls only in every nation being unmolefted in 

 the right of trading with thofc which confent to traffic with 

 it ; every one remaining free to clofe with or decline a par- 

 ticular commerce, as it fliall judge mofl advantageous. 



The celebrated treaties are thofe of Nimegucn, of Mun- 

 fter, of the Pyrenees, of Welfphalia, of Ryfwick, of 

 Utrecht, of Hanover, Vienna, &c. 



The great treaty of peace, commerce, navigation, &c. 

 between England and France, was figned at Utrecht, the 

 ill of April, 17 13, and confifts of 39 articles. 



For other treaties, fee the general titles. 



It is the king's prerogative to make treaties, leagues, and 

 alhances, with foreign princes and ftates ; and yet, left this 

 plenitude of authority ftiould be abufed to the detriment of 

 the public, the conftitution has intcrpofed a check, by the 

 means of parliamentary impeachment, for the punifhment 

 of fuch minifters as, from criminal motives, advife or con- 

 clude any treaty, which fhall afterwards be judged to dero- 

 gate from the honour and intereft of the nation. 



Treaty, Guarantee of a. See Guaraxty. 



TREBA, or Treb.B Augujlte, in Ancient Geography, a 

 town of Italy, in the interior of Latium. Ptol. 



Treba, in Geography, a town of Saxony, in Thuringia ; 

 2 miles S.W. of Salza. 



TREBAU, or Mahrifch Trebaii, a town of Moravia, 

 in the circle of Olmutz ; 10 miles W. of Muglitz. 



TREBBIN, a town of the Middle Mark of Branden- 

 burg ; ao miles S.S.W. of Berlin. N. lat. 52^ 10'. E. 

 long. 13- 6'. 



TREBBIO ANTieo, a town of the Popedom, in the 

 duchy of Urbino ; 17 miles E.N.E. of Urbino. 



TREBEJO, a town of Spain, in the province of Leon ; 

 46 miles S. of Civdad Rodrigo. 



TREBELLIANICA, or Trebellian Fourth, in the 

 Roman Jiirijpriidence, a right belonging to an heir inftituted 

 by teftament. If the teftator, after appointing a full and 

 general heir, fpent and difpofed of all his effefts in legacies ; 

 or if he went ultra dodranlem, beyond three-fourths thereof ; 

 in that cafe, the heir was allowed to retrench and detain one 

 fourth part of the legacies to his own ufe. This was called 

 the trebell'ianka. 



In lik^ manner, if the teftator charges hi? heir with a 

 feoffment of truft, and to reflore the inheritance to another ; 

 in that cafe, the heir might likewife retain a fourth of the 

 whole fucceffion, that the quality of heir might not be ren- 

 dered wholly vain and fruitlefs. 



TREBELLIUS-POLLIO, in Biography, a Latin hif- 

 torian, flourifhed about the year 298 of the vulgar era. 

 According to Vopifcus, he wrote the lives of the Roman 

 emperors from the two Philips to Claudius ; but we have 

 extant only the latter part of the reign of the elder Valerian, 

 that of his fon, the lives of the two Gallicni, thofe of the 

 thirty tyrants, and that of Claudius. He is reckoned one 

 of the ." HiftoricE Auguftae Scriptores," and pi-aifcd by 

 Vopifcus for his exaftnefs, which applies only to fome 

 dates, as in other points he is very iiicorreft. His ftyle is 

 fomewhat fnperior to that of the other hiftorians. VofTuis. 



TREBENDA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia 

 Minor, in the interior of Lycia. Ptol. 



TREBENITZ, in Geography, a town of Bohemia, in 

 the circle of Leitnieritz ; 70 miles S.W. of Leitmeritz. 

 N. lat. 50=27'. E. long 1 4° 5'. 



TREBENTSCHIKOV, a fortrefs of Ruffia, in the 

 government of Caucafus, on the Ural ; 64 miles N. of 

 Gnriev. 



TREBERK, a town of Germany, in the duchy of 

 Anhalt-Cothcu ; 4 miles N. of Cothen. 



TREBES, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Aude ; 6 miles E. of Carcaffone. 



TREBIA, in Ancient Geography, a river which ran from 

 fouth to north, commencing in Liguria, foulh of the valley 

 inhabited by the Friniates, and paffing into Gallia Cifpa- 

 dana, acrofs the territory of the Anamani, watered the 

 town of Placentia, and difcharged itfelf into the Padus. 

 The Trebia was famous for the viftory obtained by Han- 

 nibal, near its mouth, over the prefumptuous and imprudent 

 Sempronius, in the year of Rome 435 ; on which occafion 

 the Romans loft 26,000 men. 



Trebia, in Geography, a river of Italy, which runs into 

 the Po, 2 miles W. of Piacenza. 



TREBIGNO, a town of European Turkey, in Dal- 

 matia ; the fee of a bifhop ; 60 mUes S. of Moftar. 



TREBINA, a town of Naples, in Bafihcata ; 5 miles 

 S.S.W. of Turfi. 



TREBISACCIA, a town of Naples, in the province 

 of Cal^^bria Citra, on the coaft ; 10 miles N.E. of Caffano. 



TREBISOND, or Tarabosan, a city of Afiatic 

 Turkey, witii a harbour, on the Black fea, in the countr_ 

 of the Colchians : founded by a Greek colony of SinopeJ 

 defcended from the Milefians. It derives its hiftorical famq 

 more from the circumftance of its hofpitable reception on 

 the 10,000 Greeks after their celebrated retreat, than ioi 

 having been the capita! of that portion of the Lower empireJ 

 From the Romans it was taken by the Scythians, or TarJ 

 tars, in the time of Valerian. The Greek emperors became 

 afterwards mailers of Trebifond, and erefted it into a prinJ 

 cipahty ; Alexis Comnenes took poffeffion of it in the yea 

 1204. When the French and Venetians made themfelvesj 



maflers 



