T R E 



Sea-kale has likewife been raifed in trenches with great 

 I advantage. They were made the fame depth as above, eight 

 j inches of loofe foil being left in tlie bottom, with wliich, fix 

 ! inches depth of river-fand were then mtiuiately blended. The 

 I trench was now a foot deep, and being filled with iix inches 

 j more of very light fandy loam, and the whole well mixed 

 [ together, was fown in a line along the middle ; and as the 

 I plants grew they were earthed up. The plants became, in 

 ; this mode, fo ftout in the fecond year, as to be made ufe of 

 by being blanched by means of ftraw (haken loofely over 

 them, removing it as it became wet and heavy. 



There are probably many other plants, feeds, and roots, 

 that have not yet been tried, which may be raifed in this 

 method of planting with great fuccefs and advantage. 



TRENCH-P/oaf A, in jlgriculture, that fort of tool of this 

 kind, which is contrived for the purpofe of opening and 

 working land to a much greater depth than the common 

 kind, fo as to allow tap-rooted plants to ftrike them deeper, 

 and form them better. See Plough and Tap-RooI. 

 , TREncH-Ploug/xng, the praftice of opening and loofen- 

 I ing the foil of lands to a great depth by means of fuch 

 I ploughs, which is a method that is elTentially neceflary 

 i where the roots of crops are to fiioot and ftrike down to 

 tjreat depths, as without it fuch roots are incapable of being 

 t rown in the beft and moft profitable manner. The work is 

 lometimes performed at one operation, but in other cafes the 

 tool does it by going twice in the fame track, rendering the 

 earth loofe, and capable of being penetrated to a ftill greater 

 depth. This mode of preparing land is much too little had 

 recourfe to by farmers in many cafes. 

 I Trenches, in Fortification, are ditches which the befiegers 

 . cut, to approach more fecurely to the place attacked ; 

 ' whence they are alfo called lines of approach. See Paral- 

 lels. 



They fay, mount the trenches, that is, go upon duty in 

 1 them. To relieve the trenches, is to relieve fuch as have been 

 upon duty there. 



The enemy is faid to have cleared the trenches, when they 

 i have driven away, or killed, the foldiers who guarded them. 

 Trench, Tail of the, is the place where it was begun : 

 . and the head, that to which it was carried. 



Trenches are of feveral forts, according to the nature of 

 '< the foil : if the adjacent territory be rocky, the trench is 

 I cnly an elevation of bavins, gabions, wool-packs, or epaule- 

 ments of earth, caft round about the place ; but where the 

 ; ground may be eafily opened, the trench is dug in it, and 

 I bordered with a parapet on the fide of the befieged. 

 I The breadth of the trenches is from eight to ten feet, 

 ' and the depth from fix to feven : they are cut in talus, or 

 ■ aflope. 



The trenches are to be carried on with winding-lines, in 

 I fome manner parallel to the works of the fortrefs, fo as not 

 [ to be in view of the enemy, nor to expofe their length to the 

 I enemy's fliot : for then they will be in danger of being 

 enfiladed, or fcoured by the enemy's cannon : this carrying 

 ' of the trenches obliquely, they call carrying them by coudees, 

 or returns. See Parallels. 



Trenches, Opening of the, is when the befiegers begin to 

 v;ork upon the hiie of approaches ; which is ufiially done in 

 the night ; fometimes within mu(ket-fhot, and fometimes 

 within half, or only whole cannon-fhot of the place, if there 

 be no rifing ground about it, the garrifon ftrong, and their 

 cannon well lerved. 



The workmen that open the trenches, are alivays fup- 

 ported by bodies of men againft the fallies of the befieged ; 

 and fometimes thofe bodies lie between them and the place, 

 as alfo on their right and left. 



T R E 



The pioneeys fometimes work on their knees ; and th." 

 men that are to fupport them, lie flat on their faces, in 

 order to avoid the enemy's fhot ; and the pioneers are like- 

 wife ufually covered with mantelets, or faucilfons. 



TRE^CH-GiiarJ. See Guard. 



Trench the Ballafl, To, is a fea-phrafe, fignifying to di- 

 vide the ballaft into feveral trenches in a fhip's hold. 



TRENCHARD, John, 'i\\ Biography, a political writer, 

 was the ion of fir John Trenchard, lecretary of ftate under 

 king William, and born in 1669. Liberally educated, he was 

 placed in one of the inns of court, with a view to the itudy of 

 lav/. He was called to the bar, but as he preferred a political 

 hfe, he abandoned the profeffion, and obtained the place of 

 the commiffioner of the forfeited eftates in Ireland. Having 

 acquired confiderable wealth By marriage, by the death of 

 an uncle, and by the deceafe of his father in 1695, he came 

 into parliament for the borough of Taunton, and appeared 

 as a patriotic member and writer. He was a zealous oppocent 

 of a Handing army ; and foon after the peace of Ryfwick 

 in 1697, which rendered needlefs fuch a force, he publiihed 

 a pamphlet, entitled " An Argument (hewing that a Stand- 

 ing Army is inconfiftent with a free Government, and abfo- 

 lutely dellruftive to the Conftitution of the Englifh Mo- 

 narchy." This was followed, in 1698, by " A ibort Hif- 

 tory of Standing Armies in England." Thefe pamphlets are 

 fuppoled to have occafioned tlie king's fending away his 

 Dutch guards, and the army's being reduced to a very low 

 eftabhfhmcnt. In many fubfequent years, Mr. Trenchard 

 continued to write occafionally in favour of liberty ; and 

 having taken Thomas Gordon, a perfon of fimilar fenti- 

 ments, into his houfe, they began in 1720 to pnblifh periodi- 

 cally a feries of papers, entitled " Cato's Letters," for the 

 profefied purpoie of promoting civil and religious liberty. 

 Trenchard died in 1 723, at the age of fifty -four ; and Gor- 

 don publiihed his eulogy in the " Independent Whig." 

 Biog. Brit. 



TRENCHE', in Heraldry. See Tranche. 



Trenche'j Jfland, in Geography, an ifland near the coaft 

 of South Carohna ; 25 miles in circumference. N. lat. 32" 

 13'. W. long. 80° 58'. 



TRENCHING, in Agriculture, the operation and prac- 

 tice of working over land in trenches by the fpade. It is 

 had recourfe to in bringing fome kinds of wafte lands into 

 cultivation, in fome cafes and particular fituations, as in the 

 northern parts of the ifland, where labour is cheap ; but in 

 others it is moftly too expenfive. 



It, however, anfwers fometimes in cafes where it could 

 hardly have been expefted, on account of its being fo very 

 complete, as fcarcely to require any thing being done after- 

 wards to the ground. 



The term alfo fignifies the laying up land in the ridge, 

 form, either by the Ipade or plough. 



TRENCHMORE, the name of an old Englirti dance ; 

 of which nothing certain is now known, but that it was a 

 lively movement. 



TRENCK, Frederic, Baron -von, in Biography, an ad- 

 venturer, was defcended from a noble Pruffian family, and 

 born at Konigfb-'rg in 1726. Haviugbeen too much indulged 

 in his yontli, and lofing his father when he was twelve years 

 of age, he became ungovernable, and the fport of his own 

 impetuous pallions. In 1742, at the age of fi.-;Lcen years, 

 he entered into the Prulliaii guards, then quartered at Potf- 

 dam. In 1744, at the commt-ucement of the l^coiid Sile- 

 fian war, he attended the king as an aid-de-camp ; but being 

 fufpeiled of a traiiorous correfpondence, h.' ma& arrefted, 

 and confined in the prifon of Glatz, and faihiig in his firft 

 attempt to make his efcape from prifon, he at lengili fuc- 



cceded 



