T R 1 



T R I 



ikin is ufed for (hoes, and for covering the fides of boats. 

 The Ruffians call this animal " Morlkaia Korowa," or fea- 

 cow, and " Kapuftnik," or eater of herbs. Pennant's 

 Quadr. vol. ii. Shaw's Zoology, vol. i. pt. i. 



TRICHERIjE, in Natural Hijlory, the name of a genus 

 of foffils, of the clafs of fibraris ; the charafters of which 

 are, that they are not elaftic, and are compofed of ftraight 

 and continuous filaments. 



The word is derived from the Greek i^'X^;, capillaments 

 or fibres. The bodies of this genus are divided into thofe 

 whioJi have narrower filaments ; and there are fix known 

 fpecies of it, all which burn very readily to a fine plafter, 

 like the gypfums ; and fome of them are found in particular 

 places in fuch great abundance, that it would be very ad- 

 vantageous to coUeft and burn them. Hill. 



TRICHESTRUM, the name of a genus of fofGls, of 

 the clafs of the felenites, but differing extremely in figure 

 and ftrufture from the common kinds. 



The word is derived from the Greek tm^^ec, hairs or Jila- 

 ments, and arrf, a Jlar, and expreffes a fet of bodies, com- 

 pofed of filaments arranged into the form of a ftar. The 

 felenitae of this genus are compofed of filaments, fcarcely any 

 where vifibly arranged into plates or fcales, but difpofed 

 in form of a radiated ftar, made up of a number of disjunft 

 Arise. 



Of this genus there is only one known fpecies, which is 

 of a pale brown, and is compofed of extremely fine and 

 flender filaments. It is formed like the lepaftrum in the 

 accidentally open cracks in the feptaria, or ludus Helmontii, 

 and is no other way different from the bodies of that genus, 

 than as in all the felenitas the plates they are compofed of 

 are made up of filaments nicely arranged : in this, as in fome 

 other of thofe bodies, the filaments have never arranged 

 themfelves into plates at all, but are difpofed into the form 

 of a ftar compofed of fingle threads. This body very readily 

 and regularly fplits according to the arrangementa of the 

 fibres ; and is in fome pieces tolerably pellucid. 



It is found only in one place, fo far as is yet knovpn, 

 which is under the cliffs of Sheppcy idand, in Kent ; where 

 it is very plentiful, and makes a very elegant figure on the 

 broken mafTes of feptaria, which are in immenfe numbers 

 ftrewed upon the (hore. Hill. 



TRICHIA, in Botany, firft, we believe, received its 

 name from Haller, though he admitted fome things into this 

 genus of Fungi, which other botanifts have rejected, or re- 

 ferred to other places. The above name is formed from 

 Sp'l> T^'X"-' <^ hair, or Ir'ijlle, in allufion to the internal mafs 

 of elaftic fibres, gradually expanding after the head burfts. — 

 Hall. Hift. V. 3. 114. Perf. Syn. Fung. 176. Lamarck 



lUuftr. t. 890 Clafs and order, Cryptogamia Fungi. 



Nat. Ord. Fungi. 



Eff. Ch. Head at length burftmg irregularly, per- 

 manent. Internal fibres compaA, attached to the bafe of 

 thf- head, expanding elaftically, and difcharging the powdery 

 fetds. 



To (hew the limits of this genus, as defined by the moft 

 eminent botanifts in this department, we fhall give a com- 

 pendious view of Perfoon's eleven fpecies. 



Seft. I. Head turbinate, or pear-Jhaped. 



I. T. Botrytis. " Perf. Difp. Meth. 9. and 5'4." 

 (" T. pyriformis ; Hoffm. Veg. Crypt, v. 2. i. t. I. 

 f. i.") — Stalked, cluftered, opaque, dark red; ftalks 

 longer than the heads, combined, fomewhat racemofe. — 

 Found on decaying trunks of trees in autumn. Several 

 fpecimens, cohering together, form a fort of tuft. Perfoon 

 mentions a fmall and fimple-ftalked variety, with a folitary 

 bead, wkich he {ufpefte may be T. ferotina of Schradcr's 



Journal, v. 2. 67. t. 3. f. 1, (not f. 2, as erroneoufly cited 

 by the author, and by Perfoon ; that being Stilbum tomen- 

 tofum, p. 65.) The figure having been fo widely miftaken, 

 may account for the doubt expreffed ; but we are left in 

 great uncertainty as to what Perfoon intended by his 

 variety. 



2. T. rubiformis. " Perf. Difp. Meth. 54. t. 4. f. 3. and 

 t. 1. f. 3." (T. n.2167; Hall. Hift. V.3. 115. t.48. 

 f. 5. ) — Stalked, cluftered, of a fiiining blue ; ftalks com- 

 bined, fpreading at the bafe, (horter than the heads. — 

 Not rare on the rotten bark of trees in autumn. There is 

 a fmaller variety, of a red or rufty afpeft. Perfoon is re- 

 markably incorreft in his citation of Haller, (n. 2162^ 

 t. 40. f. 2. ) 



3. T.fallax. Perf. Obf. Mycol. fafc. i. 59- t. 3. 

 f. 4, 5. (" Clathrus Ifipitatus, reticulo deciduo ; Schmid. 

 Ic. t. 33. f. I — 18." Sphaerocarpus ficoides ; Bull. Fung, 

 V. I. 130. t. 417. f . 3 ; excluding the fynonyms. Mucor 

 miniatus ; Jacq. Auftr. t. 299.) — Simple, ftalked ; at firft 

 red ; then of a dull grey. Bale of the head, and top of 

 the ftalk, plaited. — Found in autumn, upon foft rotten 

 wood. The head when young is bright red, and roundifti ; 

 by age it becomes pear-fliaped, on a Jlali about its own 

 length, and altogether of a dirty flate-colour, cracking and 

 expanding at the top into a kind of cup. Jacquin's figure 

 reprefents the young, Bulliard's the old, plant. 



4. T. clavata. Perf. Obf. Mycol. fafc. 2. 34. — 

 " Simple, yellow and (hining. Stalk rugged, elongated, 

 tapering downwards." — Found on the trunks of trees, either 

 folitary, or compofing denfe tufts. It is among the larger 

 fpecies. The Jlalk is flender, of a reddilh-yellow. We 

 have feen no fpecimen nor figure. 



^. T. nigripes. Perf. n. 5. (T. pyriformis ; Perf. Obf. 

 Mycol. fafc. 2. 33. Bull. Fung. v. i. 129. t. 417. f. 2 ?) 

 — Rather fcattered. Head pear-fhaped, yellowifh, longer 

 than the blackifh ftalk. — On the trunks of trees, but rare. 

 The head is obovate and obtufe. Sta/i half a line long, 

 black, ftanding on a manifeft membranous bafe common to 

 many individuals. Perfoon remarks, that the Jia/k in 

 Bulhard's plate is thicker than his, befides being of the 

 fame colour as the head. He mentions alfo a fmaller more 

 common variety, verging towards an olive hue, and more 

 brittle than the above-defcribed. The following, originally 

 thought diftinft, are now reduced by Perfoon to the fpecies 

 before us. 



g. T. cordata. Perf. Obf. Mycol. fafc. 2. 33.— 

 Nearly feffile, fmall, fcattered, yellowifh. Heads fome- 

 what compreffed, inverfely heart-fhaped. Stalk very ihort, 

 blackifli. — On trunks of trees. 



■>. T. cylindrica. Ibid — Rather fcattered, ochre-co- 

 loured. Heads cyhndrical or ovate, contrafted in the middle. 

 Stalk blackifh, extremely fhort. — A pretty little fungus, 

 occurring rarely on mofles, or the trunks of trees. 



i. T. vulgaris. Ibid. 32. (T. turbinata ; Sowerb. 

 Fung. t. 85 ?) — Scattered. Head roundifh, fomewhat tur- 

 binate. Stalk blackifh, extremely fhort ; fometimes entirely 

 wanting. — Frequent after heavy rains in autumn, upon 

 rotten beech-trees ; appearing when young m the form of 

 white granulations, turning afterwards of the colour of 

 yellow ochre, and more opaque. The Jlali in an early ftate 

 is hardly difcerniblc. Mr. Sowerby's fynonym feems to us 

 to belong to the followinjj, as he himfelf fuppofed. 



6. T. ovata. Perf. Obf. Mycol. fafc. 1. 61. fafc. 2. 35. 

 (T. pyriformis ; ViUars Dauph. v. 3. 1060. T. n. 2168 ; 

 Hall. Hift. v. 3. 116. t.48. f. 7. Clathrus turbinatns ; 

 Hudf. 632. Bolt. Fung. 94. t. 94. f. 3.) — Crowded, 

 feffile, obovate, opaque, of an ochrey tan-colour — Frequent 



