T R I 



a» they increafed, carried the orbital edge of the tarfus out- 

 wards, and, in the fame proportion, inclined the ciliary edge 

 towards the globe of the eye. 



An inverfion of the inferior palpebra is fometimes pro- 

 duced by inflammation and fweUing of that part of the con- 

 junftiva which connefts the eye-Hd wath the eye-ball. In 

 cafes of ophthalmy, this membrane often forms between the 

 latter parts a diftinft fold, which is fituated juft on the in- 

 fide of the orbital edge of the tarfus, and pufhes it outward ; 

 while the contraftion of the orbicularis mufcle turns the 

 ciliary edge inwards, and inchnes it between the fwelling of 

 the conjunftiva and the eye. In this particular cafe, Mr. 

 Saunders affures us, that replacing the eye-lid in the early 

 ftage of the difeafe, and maintaining it fo, until the oph- 

 thalmia has been leflened by proper means, will be found 

 effeftual. But when the conjunftiva is much thickened 

 ind indurated, Mr. Saunders recommends cutting fuch 

 difeafed part of it away, and the application of compreffes 

 to keep the orbital margin of the tarfus inward. 



Albinus has recorded a fpecies of trichiafis, which origi- 

 nated from the growth and inverfion of one of the hairs 

 upon the caruncula lachrymahs. The plan of relief con- 

 fided in plucking out the irritating hair ; but, as Scarpa 

 obferves, it fliould have been mentioned whether the hair 

 grew again, and in what direftion. Scarpa on Difeafes 

 of the Eyes, ch. 4. Saunders on Difeafes of the Eyes, 

 chap. 3. Crampton on Entropeon. S. Cooper's Praftice 

 of Surgery, p. 308. edit. 3. 



TRICHIDES, in Ichthyology, a name ufed by the an- 

 cients for a fi(h of the harengiform kind, probably the pil- 

 chard, which tliey called -Ah fardinia and fardella. 



TRICHILIA, in Botany, a name apparently originating 

 with Browne, and which De Theis has derived from Tjip^ja, 

 three-fold, no otherwife applicable to this fine genus, than 

 as the capfule has three cells and three valves, very confpi- 

 cuous in Sloane's figure of the original fpecies, which pro- 

 bably the author liad under his eye. Profeflbr Martyn 

 leaves this name unexplained. — Browne Jam. 278. Linn. 

 Gen. 211. Schreb. 285. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 552. Mart. 

 Mill. Dift. v. 4. Ait. Epit. 375. Swartz Ind. Occ. 730. 

 Juff. 265. Poiretin Lamarck Dift. v. 8. 56. Gaertn.t.95. 

 (Portefia ; Cavan. DifT. 369.) — Clafs and order, Decandrta 

 Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Trihilatit, Linn. Melia, Jufi". 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, bell- 

 fhaped, (hort, with five fmall teeth. Cor. Petals five, lan- 

 ceolate, fpreading. Neftar)^ cylindrical or conical, tubular, 

 with ten teeth, fhorter than the petals, formed, as it were, 

 out of the ten combined filaments. Stam. Filaments none ; 

 anthers ten, eredl, feffile on the margin of the neftary, and 

 nfing above it, deciduous. Pijl. Germen fuperior, obovate, 

 obfcurely three-lobed ; ftyle fhort ; ftigma capitate, with 

 three notches. Peric. Capfule roundifh, flightly triangular, 

 of three cells, and three valves at length reflexed, with pfar- 

 titions from the centre of each. Seeds foUtary, pendulous, 

 ovate, with a pulpy coat, or tunic. 



EfT. Ch. Calyx with about five fmall teeth. Petals five. 

 Neftary cyhndrical, bearing the anthers on its teeth. Cap- 

 fule of three cells, and three valves. Seeds fohtary, with a 

 pulpy coat. 



Obf. The parts of the flower vary, or differ in different 

 fpecies, from five and ten to four and eight. The cells and 

 valves of the capfule are, in fome inftances, but two, as in 

 the Portefia of Cavanilles. The feeds have truly a more or 

 lefs pulpy coat, though not a diftinft tunic. It is remarkable 

 that Cavanilles has not admitted Tr'tchilia into his Differta- 

 tions on Monadelphous Plants, where this genus is as much 



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entitled to a place as any others of JufJieu's Mel'ne. Pro- 

 bably he was not furnifhed with any materials to defcribe or 

 delineate the fpecies. The gardens certainly could nor 

 fupply him. 



i.T.hirta. Green-flowered Trichilia. Linn. Sp. P1.5J0- 

 Willd. n. I. Swartz Obf. 171. (T. n. i -, Browms 

 Jam. 278 ? Pruno forte afSnis arbor, folio alato, flore her- 

 baceo pentapetalo racemofo ; Sloane Jam. v. 2. 128. t. 220. 

 f. I.) — Leaves pinnate, of about feven elliptical, pointed, 



fmooth leaflets. Clufters denfe, Jlamens combined Native 



of Jamaica, in the meadows about Kingfton and other places, 

 on a dry gravelly foil. Browne calls it ^ fhrub ; Sloane a 

 tree, about twenty feet high, with a fmooth greyifh bark, and 

 fending out at the height of feven feet, or more, feveral de- 

 clining branches. The leaves are fcattered, not numerous, 

 pinnate with an odd one ; the leaflets oppofite, an inch and 

 half long, uniform, fmooth, entire, dark green, on (hort par- 

 tial ftalks. Flowers greenifli-white with purple anthers, in 

 axillary compound clufters. Browne fays the feeds of all 

 the fpecies are enveloped in a fcarlet waxy fubftance. Lin- 

 naeus, and perhaps Browne, confounded this with the follow- 

 ing. We do not find much reafon for the fpecific name 

 hirta, which feems more applicable to the following. 



2. T. fpond'wides. White-flowered Trichilia. Jacq, 

 Amer. 128. Hort. Schoenbr. v. i. 54. t. 102. Willd. n. 2. 

 Swartz Ind. Occ. 730. (Euonymus caudice non ramofo, 

 folio alato, fruftu rotundo tripyreno ; Sloane Jam. v. 2. 103. 

 t. 210. f. 2, 3.) — Leaves pinnate, of about fifteen ovato- 

 lanceolate, pointed leaflets ; downy at the edges. Clufters 

 rather lax. Stamens diftinft. — Native of mountainous woods 

 m Jamaica and Hifpaniola, flowering m the fpring. Sivartz. 

 In the ftove at Schoenbrun, according to Jacquin, it bloffomed 

 in September and Oftober. — The flem is fifteen or twenty 

 feet high, {lightly branched at the top. Leaves a foot long ; 

 their leaflets much more numerous than the former, ovato- 

 lanceolate, not elliptical, more or lefs hairy, efpecially at the 

 edges. Cluflers feveral, lefs crowded than in the foregoing. 

 Flowers yellowifh or greenifh-white. Stamens not united, 

 though clofely converging into a cylinder, or cone. Capfule 

 roundifh, downy, the fize of a fmall cherry. We ftiould 

 conceive this rather to be Browne's plant, which he terms 



fiibhirfuta, but we have no fpecimen to determine the point. 



3. T. emetica. Emetic Arabian Trichiha. Vahl Symb. 

 V. I. 31. Willd. n. 3. (Elcaja; Forfl<. jEgypt.-Arab. 127.) 

 — " Leaves pinnate ; leaflets elliptical, downy beneath, the 

 outer ones largeft." — Frequent on the mountains of Yemen. 

 The Arabs call this tree Roia. The flowers refemble orange- 

 bloflbms. The fruit, mixed with perfumes, is ufed by the 

 Arabian women for waffling their hair. The ripe feeds are 

 made into an ointment with oil of Sefamum, againft the itch. 

 Forfliall found mention of the fruit, in an Arabic book, as 

 an emetic, by the name of Djouz elkai, whence he took his 

 barbarous generic name above quoted. He defcribes this 

 fpecies as a large tree, with alternate downy branches. Leaver 

 alternate, pinnate vi'ith an odd one, of nine oval-oblong, ftalked 

 leaflets, the lower ones two inches in length, the upper or 

 outer ones three ; all fmooth above, but, according to Vahl, 

 downy beneath ; their common flail, about a fpan long, is alfo 

 downy. Stipulas none. Stalks axillary, corymbofely pa- 

 nicled. F/owtrj twice the fize of the laft, greenifli-yellow. 

 Stamens united halfway up. Capfule obovate, downy, an inch 

 long, with two feeds in each cell. Forfiall, Vahl. 



4. T. glabra. Smooth Havannah Trichilia. Linn. Syft. 

 Nat. ed. 12. v. 2. 294. Willd. n. 4. (T. havanenfis; 

 Jacq. Amer. 129. t. 175. f. 38.) — Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 

 obovate, obtufc, iniooth : tapering at the ba% ; the outer- 



moft 



