T R I 



bears alfo a leaf at the junftion of their ftalks. The fiower 

 of the prefent plant is uncommonly handfome, near two 

 inches long, of a rich crimfon ; violet at the bafe ; its three 

 outer fegTTients yeUowifh at the back, with crimfon veins. 

 The Jheath is narrow, green and leafy, lefs membranous, or 

 coloured, than in moft of tiie reft. 



5. T. pudicum. This is merely mentioned by Mr. Ker, 

 as the Ixia pudica of Dr. Solander in fir Jofeph Banks's 

 herbarium, without any indication of its charadler or dif- 

 tinAions. 



The able writers from whom we adopt this genus, indi- 

 cate feveral European as well as African fpecies, that 

 remain hitherto undefined. Of the latter we have not fuf- 

 ficient materials to judge ; but the probability of there 

 being fome fuch cannot be doubted. What we have feen 

 of the European fpecimens would, however, render us much 

 on our guard againft thofe of exotic origin. 



TRICHONIUM, in Ancient Geography, a town of 

 Greece, in Etolia. 



TRICHOPHORUM, in Botany, from S^.?, T^.^'f. a 

 briftle, and <P'.^!>.; to bear, becaufe of the briftles encompaffing 

 the feed, in allufion to Eriophorum, (fee that article,) 

 out of which the prefent genus is extrafted. — " Perfoon 



Ench. V. I. 69." Purfh 57 Clafs and order, Triandria 



Monogynta. Nat. Ord. Calamari^, Linn. Cyperoldea, 

 Juir. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Spike, or Catkin, imbricated every 

 way, with ovate, flattifh, pointed, keeled, loofe fcales, dif- 

 tinguifhing the flowers. Cor. none. Stam. Filaments three, 

 capillary ; anthers ereft, oblong. Pi/l. Germen fuperior, 

 roundifh, very fmall ; ftyle thread-fhaped, the length of the 

 fcale, deciduous ; ftigmas three, elongated, reflexed. Perk. 

 none. Seed folitary, beaked, ovate, triangular, with from 

 fix to nine capillary, wavy, brown briftles at the bafe, fix 

 times its o\yn length. Receptacle cylindrical, cellular, and 

 toothed. 



Eff- Ch. Glumes chaffy, imbricated every way. Co- 

 rolla none. Style deciduous. Seed triangular, beaked, 

 furrounded at the bafe with from fix to nine hairs, fcarcely 

 longer than the fpike. 



Obf. The difference between this genus and Eriophorum 

 confifts in the comparatively fmall number of hairs furround- 

 ing the bafe of the feed, and their much (horter proportion, 

 to fay nothing of their brown hue. All thefe circumftances 

 certainly give the Trichophoritm a different, and far lefs bril- 

 liant, afpeft. It is in faft more akin to various fpecies of 

 Scirpus, whofe feeds are accompanied by (hort, flat, rough 

 briftles. 



1. T. cyperinum. Many -headed Hair-ru(h. Purfh n. i. 

 ( Eriophorum cyperinum ; Linn. Sp. PI. 77. Willd. Sp. 

 PI. v. I. 313. Ait. H. Kew. v. I. 134. Scirpus Erio- 

 phorum; Michaux Boreal. -Amer. v. 1. 33. Cyperus mi- 

 liaceus ex provincia Mariana, panicula villofa aurea ; Pink. 

 Mant. 6z. t. 419. f. 3.) — Stem leafy. Panicle doubly 

 compound. — In ditches and near ponds, from Canada to 

 Carolina, flowering in July and Auguft, perennial, very 

 tall. Purjh. The tufted partial fiower-Jlalks, angular and 

 rough, refemble little compound umbels, with many fcaly 

 braSeas at the bafe. Heads numerous, each the fize of a 

 large pea, their brown fcales partly concealed by the fine 

 prominent tawny hairs. Seeds white. 



2. T. alpinum. Alpine Hair-rufh. Purfh n. 2. (Erio- 

 phorum hudfonianum ; Michaux Boreal. -Amer. v. i. 34.) 



— Stem naked. Spike folitary In bogs on die mountains 



of Pennfylvania, Vermont, &c. flowering in Auguft. Pe- 

 rennial. Stem triangular, as in the firft fpecies, but quite 

 naked. Leaves radical, few, fetaceous, channelled. Mi- 



T R I 



chaux, PurJh. We have Newfoundland fpecimens from 

 Mr. Frafer, which anfwer to thefe charafters. If fo, the 

 fpike confifts of fcarcely more than three or iowr Jlotuers, 

 and the briftles of the feed are about the length of the 

 ftiining tawny fcales. 



TRICHOPUS, from 9i|, r^ix°'> ^ hair, and iroi/f, a 



foot, expreffive of the long taper ftalk of the capfule 



Gasrtn. v. 1. 44. t. 14. — Clafs and order unknown. 



Elf. Ch. Capfule inferior, membranous, with three 

 wings, and three cells, not burfting. Seeds two in each 

 cell, triangular, deeply notched. 



I. T. zeylaniciis. Bempul of the Cingalefe, defcribed 

 by Gsertner from the coUettion at Leyden. Capfule ovate, 

 very thin, without valves, each angle extended into a wavy 

 membranous border ; each fide marked with a longitudinal 

 furrow ; partitions from the centre of each valve, very thin ; 

 the bafe running down into a triangidar ftalk, gradually ta- 

 pering to a fine capillary extremity. Seeds rufty-coloured, 

 tumid, varioufly and deeply notched or lobed. Skin fimple, 

 Albumen conformable to the feed, with a longitudinal furrow, 

 hard, cartilaginous, pale. Embryo very minute, in the 

 loweft part of the albumen, monocotyledonous. 



Gaertner obferves fome affinity between this plant and the 

 Commelina tribe, but the inferior capfule appeared to him to 

 denote a very diftinft genus, of which he could difcover no 

 traces in any author. 



We do not perceive why the great length of the ftalk was 

 admitted by Gaertner into the generic charafter, as the cap- 

 fule being inferior, renders it a mere flower-ftalk. No fcj- 

 lowing botanift has thrown any hght on this genus. 



TuiCHOPUS, in Iththyology, a new genus of fifties, de- 

 fcribed by Cepede from the MSS. and drawings of Com- 

 merfon ; the charafters of which are, that the body is 

 compreffed, and that the ventral fins have an extremely 

 long filament. Cepede has unneceflarily divided thefe fifties 

 into two diftindl genera, calling one " Ofphronemus," and 

 the other " Trichopodus." Thefe fifties are natives of the 

 Indian feas and rivers, and are diftinguiftied, one fpecies 

 excepted, by the remarkable length of one ray of the ventral 

 fins, which extends the whole length of the body, or even 

 beyond it. J 



Species. 



GoRAMV ; Rufefcent Trichopus. With a filvery caft: 

 on the fides, and the fecond ray of the ventral fins extremely 

 long ; Ofphronemus Goramy of Cepede. Native of the frefli 

 waters of China, where it is greatly efteemed as an article of 

 food, and known by the name of " Goramy." It is a pro- 

 lific fpecies, and eafily introduced into new fituations ; 

 having been imported into Java, and many other of the 

 eaftern iflands. 



Arabicus ; Greenifti Trichopus. With violet and blue 

 ftripes, and fecond ray of the ventral fins extremely long ; 

 the Ofphroneme Gal of Cepede, the Labrus Callus of Linn. 

 Syft. Nat. Gmel., and the Scarus Gallus of Forfti. Arab. 

 See Labrus Gallus. 



Satyrus. With finking forehead, projefting chin, and 

 extremely long, fingle-rayed ventral fins ; Trichepode Mm- 

 tonier of Cepede. This fifti is known in fome countries by 

 the name of " Goramy," or " Gouramy." 



Pallasii ; Brown Trichopus. With pale undulations; 

 a black fpot on each fide of the body and tail ; and long 

 fingle-rayed ventral fins. Defcribed by Dr. Pallas as a 

 fpecies of Labrus, and by Kolreuter, in the Peterftiurg 

 Tranfaftions, as a Sparus. See Labrus Trichopterus. 



MoNODACTYLUs ; Silvery Trichopus. With brownifh 

 back ; and ftiort, fmgle-rayed, rigid ventral fins ; Mono- 



dadyU 



