TRIFOLIUM. 



tic'tn. Corolla pale, reddifli iil decay, like thofe fpecies. 

 Petals dillinft. Stiiiulartl much longer and narrower than 

 in thofe. Legume (hort, often fingle-feeded. Marfchall a 

 Bteherjie'in. The creeping Jhm furely dillinguiflies this 

 fpecies from hyhridum ; it is much to be wirtied the learned 

 author had told us whether it be hollow or not. The form 

 of the lea/lets and Jlandar J, and the fmall number oi feeds, 

 appear fufficiently unlike repent. 



26. T. ccmofum. Tufted Trefoil. Linn. Sp. PI. 1080. 

 Willd. n. 20. Ait. n, 18. (T. carolinianum ; Michaux 

 Boreal. -Amer. v. 2. 58? Purlh n. 3? Poiret in Lamarck 

 n. 2 \ Lagopus americanus, floribus majoribus comofis ; 

 Pettv. Muf. 26. n. 254. ) — "Heads globofe. Flowers 

 ftalked, imbricated. Standard deflexed, permanent. Le- 

 gumes four-feeded." — Native of America. Linnnus. The 

 carolinianum of authors, here quoted with doubt, is de- 

 fcribed as diminutive and ereft ; its leajlets inverfely heart- 

 Ihaped, roundilh, fmooth, fringed and finely crenate ; 



Jlipulas cloven ; heails reflexed, of few flowers ; corolla hardly 

 projefting beyond the caiyx ; feeds about three. This is 

 found in fandy fields near Charleftown, South Carolina, 

 flowering from June to Auguft, and is perennial. Flowers 

 fmall, white. Purjli, How far the opinion of Poiret, 

 adopted by Purfh, that the above two plants conftitute one 

 fpecies, is correft, we are utterly unable to determine, 

 having fcen neither ; but Petiver's definition of the jloiuers 

 is altogether at variance with that of Michaux and Purfli. 



27. T. alpinum. Dwarf Alpine Trefoil. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1080. Willd. n. 21. Ait. n. 19. Dickf. Dr. PI. 38. 

 (T. n. 369; Hall. Hift. v. I. 161. T. alpinum, flore 

 magno, radice dulci ; Bauh. Prodr. 143, no figure. T. 

 alpinum rheticum, aftragaloides ; Bauh. Hift. v. 2. 376. 

 T. anguftifolium alpinum; Ger. Em. 1207. Trifoglio 

 anguftifogho alpino ; Pon. Bald. 194-) — Heads hemi- 

 fpherical, fomewhat racemofe and whorled. Flower-ftalks 

 radical, naked. Legumes two-feeded, pendulous. Leaflets 

 linear-lanceolate Abundant in the alpme paftures of Swit- 

 zerland, Italy, the Pyrenees, and the fouth of France, 

 flowering in Auguft. The moft unfcientific vifitant of thofe 

 beautiful fcenes could hardly overlook this plant, whofe 

 large bright crimfon Jloiuers, each above an inch long, feem 

 to fpring almoft immediately from denfe tufts of no lefs 

 elegant leaves. If this fpecies, procured for the Englilh 

 gardens above forty years ago by Dr. Pitcairn and Dr. 

 Fothergill, be ftill preferved, a coloured figure of it would 

 be highly acceptable to the public. The root is perennial, 

 thick and woody, running very deep into the ground, and 

 faid to have the fvveetnefs of liquorice. Stems very (liort, or 

 fcarcely any. Herbage fmuoth. Stipulas long, lanceolate, 

 membranous, finely ftriated. Common Jloiuer-jlalks fimple, 

 often not taller than the leaves. No other fpecies can be 

 confounded with this. 



28. T. involiicratum. Striped-flowered Trefoil. Willd. 

 n. 49. Donn. Cant. ed. 5. 183. — Heads roundifh, denfe, 

 each with an orbicular, ribbed, many-toothed, fpinous in- 

 volucrum. Stem ereft, branched. Leaflets lanceolate. 

 Stipulas many-toothed. Legumes two-feeded. — Native of 

 the weft coaft of North America, from whence its feeds 

 were brought by Mr. Menzies, and raifed in the Cambridge 

 garden in 1791. We obtained fpccimens there Auguft 3d, 

 1796. Yet this fpecies does not occur either in Hort. Kew., 

 or in Purfh, nor did we difcover it in Willdenow, till we 

 had hit on the fame name, he having greatly mifplaced it, 

 in the next feftion, after T. anguJlifoUum. The root is an- 

 nual. Stem twelve or eighteen inches high, branched, leafy, 

 hollow, round, fmooth like the reft of the plant. Stipulas 

 membranous, with many unequal briftly teeth. Leajlets 



elliptic -lanceolate, toothed, an inch 01 an inch and half 

 long. Heads of flowers above an inch broad, on long, 

 ftout, ftriated, axillary ftalks, and each fubtended by a 

 very remarkable membranous orbicular involucrum, whofe 

 ftrong, clofe, radiating ribs, end in unequal fpinous teeth. 

 Flowers feffile. Calyx ribbed and fpinous, membranous, 

 pale with green teeth. Corolla variegated with purple and 

 white. Legume ovate, abrupt, comprelTed, with two en- 

 tirely diftin<a valves, and two feeds. The whole plant 

 fometimes becomes very diminutive from ftarvation. 

 Seft. 3. Lagopoda. Calyx more or lefs villous. 



29. T. fulterraneum. Subterraneous Trefoil. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 1080. Willd. n. 22. Fl. Brit. n.4. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 1048. Curt. Lond. fafc. 2. t. 54. Rivin. Tetrap. Irr. 

 t. 13. f. I. (T. pumilum fupinum, flofculis longis albis ; 

 Raii Syn. 327. t. 13. f. 2.) — Heads of about four flowers. 

 Calyx-teeth linear, hairy. Involucrum central, reflexed, 



rigid, ftar-Uke, embracing the fruit Native of Italy, the 



Levant, France, and England, on dry gravelly heaths, 

 among ftiort grafs, flowering in May, and very common in 

 Hyde park, Greenwich park, &c. Root annual, knobbed. 

 Stems depreflt-d, fpreading, almoft concealed by the nume- 

 rous, broad, pale purple-veined Jlipulas. Leaflets inverfely 

 heart-fliaped, dark green, hairy. Flowerjlalks at firll 

 ereft, each bearing three or four Jlowers, confpicuous for 

 their long white corolla. After flowering, thefe ftalks l.ury 

 the legumes, which are thin and fingle-feeded, in the ground, 

 and fix them there, by fliooting out feveral fpreading firm 

 and thick fibres, conftituting an involucrum of the fruit, 

 though apparently hke roots. The herbage of this fpecies 

 is trifling, and though it conduces to the fpring verdure 

 of many an otherwife barren traft, has nothing to encou- 

 rage cultivation. 



30. T. globofum. Globular Cotton-headed Trefoil. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 108 1. Willd. n. 23. Ait. n. 21. Sm. Fl. 

 Grxc. Sibth. t. 744, unpubl. (T. orientale, caplte lanu- 

 ginofo ; Tourn. Cor. 27.) — Heads globofe, many-flowered. 

 Calyx very hairy all over, with linear teeth. Upper flowers 



numeroully abortive, denfely villous. Stems decumbent 



Native of Arabia and Syria, as well as of Cyprus and Afia 

 Minor. A rare annual fpecies, which Linnaeus cultivated 

 from Hafl'elquift's feeds, and which may have been in our 

 gardens a century ago, though not at prefcnt to be met 

 with. It preferves fome analogy with the laft, though 

 very unlike in appearance, having many pink Jlowers, in 

 upright heads, and the Jlems are far lels depreflcd. The 

 leajlets have each a white trar.fverfe ftripe, but not con- 

 ftantly. The analogy alluded to confifts in the Jlowers, 

 which perfeft feed, being overwhelmed and borne down 

 by a number of abortive ones above them. Thefe feem to 

 grow out as the others fade, in the form of empty calycet 

 with innumerable, woolly, entangled teeth. No figure of 

 the prefent fpecies has yet appeared, but Mr. Bauer has 

 prepared a very admirable drawing for the Flora Grsca. 



31. T. hifpidum. Briftly-headed Trefoil. Desfont. 

 Atlant. v. 2. 200. t. 209. f. I. Willd. n. 24. (T. hir- 

 tum; AUion. Auftuar. 20.) — Heads terminal, folitary, 

 globofe. Calyx very hairy, with taper teeth. Involu- 

 crum of fever.-J roundiftt-ovate pointed leaves. Stem ereft. 

 — Gathered by Desfontaines in fields in B.arbary, near Maf- 

 car ; by Allioni in Monteferrato. Root annual, long and 

 tapering. Stem ereft, a fpan high, more or lefs branched 

 in a corymbofe manner, llriated, leafy, Ihaggy with foft 

 hairs, as are likewife the leaves and their fooljlalks. Leaf- 

 lets obovate, finely toothed, obtufe, not emarginate. Heads 

 many-flowered, feflile, fubtended by three or four clofe, 

 membranaceous, ribbed, hmy IraP.eas, all pointed, and a 



folitary 



