TRIFOLIUM. 



with pale purple and white, its petals diftinft. Cermen 

 hairy. 



41. T. Lagopus. Oblong Hairy Trefoil. Willd. n. 34. 

 ,— " Spikes oblong, villous, terminal, folitary. Calyx-teeth 

 briftle-fhaped, as long as the monopetalous corolla. Stems 

 fimple, diffufe. Leaflets obovate, toothed." — Native of 

 Spain. Poiirret. Root annual, (lender. Stems feveral, 

 four inches long, villous. Leaflets fmall, villous, obtufe, 

 not emarginate. Stipulas ovate, large, ribbed, finely toothed. 

 Spikes eight lines long, fubtended by a leaf. IFilldenow. 



42. T .Jl'ipulaceum. Stipulaceous Cape Trefoil. Thunb. 

 Prodr. 136. Willd. n. 35. — " Heads villous, ovate, ter- 

 minal. Stem herbaceous, decumbent at the bafe. Leaf- 

 lets jagged, villous." — Found at the Cape of Good' Hope, 

 by Thuiiberg, whofe fpecific charadter is all we know of 

 this fpecies. The word " herbaceous" is truly fuperfluous 

 in any fpecific charafter of a TnfoUum! 



43. T. microcephalum. Little-headed Trefoil. Purlh 

 n. 4. — " Afcending, downy. Leaflets obovate, emargi- 

 iiate, finely toothed. Stipulas ovate, pointed. Heads 

 minute, llalked, of a few feffile flowers. Involucrums 

 ovate, awned. Calyx awned, as long as the corolla." — 

 Found by governor Lewis, on the banks of Clarck's river, 

 flowering in July. Perennial. Flowers exceeding fmall, 

 pale purple. Purjh. Some fpecimens from the north-wefl; 

 coaft of America anfwer nearly to thefe charafters, except 

 being quite fmooth ; and we are perfuaded they are only a 

 diminutive fliate of T.invoburatum, n. 28. 



44. T. rubens. Red Long-fpiked Trefoil, or Clover. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 108 1. Willd. n. 36. Ait. n. 26. Jacq. 

 Auftr. t. 385. Mart. Ruft. t. 9. (Lagopus major, 

 ipica longiore ; Ger. Em. IIQ2.) — Spikes long and cyhn- 



' drical. Calyx-teeth hairy ; the lowermoft about the length 

 of the monopetalous corolla. Stipulas fword-lhaped, longer 

 than the footllalk. Leaflets lanceolate, fharply ferrated. 

 Stem ereft. — Native of Italy, the fouth of France, Ger- 

 many, and Switzerland, efpecially in the warmer meadows 

 .of the latter, where, according to Haller, this handfome 

 fpecies is very common. It flowers in fummer, and found 

 a place in our Enghfli gardens in Gerarde's days. Root 

 perennial. Stem one or two feet high, ereft, firm, full of 

 folid pith, fmooth like the very elegant, finely ferrated, and 

 veined, Lajlets, which are two inches long. Their common 

 Jlalt is united almofl entirely to the long, entire, even, fliarp- 

 pointed Jllpu las, which reach far beyond it. Flowers crim- 

 fon, in denfe, cylindrical, thick, hlunt fpiies, two or three 

 inches long, befet with the prominent briitly calyx-teeth, of 

 which the lowermoft is much the moft confpicuous. This 

 Trefoil, though not hitherto brought into cultivation, feems, 

 as profeffor Martyn obferves, of a good quality, and fuf- 

 ficiently productive. 



45. T. pratenfe. Common Purple Trefoil, or Clover. 

 Lnm. Sp. PI. 1082. Willd. n. 37. Fl. Brit. n. 6. 

 Engl. Bot. t. 1770. Mart. Ruft. t. 3, and t. 36. Fl. 

 Dan. t. 989. Afzel. Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. i. 240. 

 Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 189. (T. pratenfe purpureum ; 

 Fuchf. Hift. 817. Trifohum ; Rivin. Tetrap. Irr. t. 11. 

 f. I.) — Spikes ovate, denfe. Stems afcending. Corolla 

 monopetalous, unequal. Four of the calyx-teeth equal. 



Stipulas awned Common in grafly meadows and paftures 



throughout Europe, flowering from May to September. 

 In its native fituations, particularly on dry calcareous or 

 gravelly hills, this valuable plant is truly perennial, though, 

 like Saintfoin, lefs permanent in cultivated manured land. 

 For its agricultural properties, and management, fee 

 Clover. Great difficulties have long attended the botani- 

 cal difcrimination of this and fame other fpecies, which we 



Vol. XXXVI. 



(hall prefently defcribe ; but they are for ever fet at reft, 

 by the moft minute and laborious details of Mr. Afzebus, 

 in the firft volume of the Linn^an Scciety's Tranfaftions. 

 Nor is this queftion merely curious or fpeculative ; for the 

 quahties of the plants, in an economical view, are as widely 

 different as can well be. The root of T, pratenfe is taper- 

 ing and branched, but not creeping. Stems about a foot 

 high, more or lefs, (lightly branched, leafy, foUd, downy 

 in the upper part. Leafets elliptical, more or lefs acute, 

 entire, fmoothifh, with a pale lunate fpot. Upper leaves, 

 near the flowers, moftly oppofite. Stipulas rather broad, 

 ovate, pale, purple-ribbed, with taper points. Spikes 

 terminal, folitary, feffile, of numerous light -purple jloiuers, 

 with a fweet, but faint fcent, their petals united at the 

 bafe, and combined with the Jilamcnts. Calyx hairy, ten- 

 ribbed, its loweft tooth longer than the reft, but much 

 fhorter than the corolla. The figures in Fl. Dan. and 

 Martyn reprefent the cultivated plant ; that of Engl. 

 Bot. the wild one. What Dillenius reprefents, in his edi- 

 tion of Ray's Synopfis, t. 13. f. i, feems merely a ftarved 

 plant. There is faid to be a procumbent, very hairy, kind, 

 found on the loftieft mountains of Switzerland and Dau- 

 phiny, which is alfo but a variety. 



46. T. medium. Zigzag Trefoil, or Baftard Clover. 

 Linn. Faun. Suec. ed. 2. 558. Hudf. ed. i. 284. Afzel. 

 Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. i. 237. Willd. n. 38. Fl. Brit, 

 n. 7. Engl. Bot. t. 190. Mart. Ruft. t. 2. (T. flexu- 

 ofum ; Jacq. Auftr. t. 386. T. alpeftre ; Fl. Dan. t. 662. 

 Hudf. ed. 2. 326, but not of Linnaeus.) — Spikes lax. 

 Stems zigzag, branched. Corolla monopetalous, nearly 

 equal. Two upper calyx-teeth fliorteft. Stipulae linear, 

 taper-pointed. Native of moft parts of Europe, parti- 

 cularly in elevated calcareous paftures, or on a gravelly foil 

 over clay, flowering in July. Differs from the laft in its 

 zigzag, more branched, Jlem, whofe pith is fo very thin and 

 pellucid, that the centre feems hollow. The longer and 

 linear Jlipulas, and more lax fp'ikes, as well as the fringed 

 elliptical leafets, fomewhat glaucous beneath, further mark 

 this fpecies, which ought to be carefully diftinguiftied, as 

 being deftitute of any value to tlie farmer. The root is 

 perennial. 



47. T. alpejlre. Oval-fpiked Narrow-leaved Trefoil, or 

 Clover. Linn. Sp. PI. 1082. Willd. n. 39. Ait. n. 29. 

 Jacq. Auftr. t. 433. Mart. Ruft. t. I. Afzel. Tr. of 

 Limi. Soc V. I. 234. (T. folio longiore, flore purpureo ; 

 Rivin. Tetrap. Irr. t. 12. f. i.) — Spike globofe, moftly 

 folitary. Calyx-teeth hairy ; the low:;rmoft as long as the 

 monopetalous corolla. Stipulas briftle-pointed. Leaflets 

 lanceolate, nearly entire. Stem limple, cndl — Native of 

 mountain forefts, in Siberia, Germany, Thrace, and Swit- 

 zerland. The late Mr. Davall, who never met with this 

 fpecies, except in one httle fpot, in a foreft near Orbe, was 

 perfuaded it was unknown to H.aller, his n. 376, though 

 taken for this, being probably our medium. Among fifteen 

 or fixteen plants, Mr. Davall faw but one with two heads 

 of flowers. The root is perennial. Stem ftraight, angular, 

 downy, a foot high. Leaves moft like T. rubens, as beau- 

 tifully ftriated with veins, but far Ids vifibly toothed. 

 Stipulas hairy, linear, united to the fooljlali about half its 

 length only ; their points almoft thrcad-fliaped, very long, 

 hairy, fiiorter than the lower foo/JlalL, longer than the 

 upper. Flo-wers crimfon, in a round head, overtopped by 

 the upper leaves. Of no ufe for cultivation, affording few 

 leaves, and never branching. 



48. T. braaeatum. Morocco Clover. Willd. Enum. 

 702.—" Spikes conical, fomewhat ovate, denfe, folitary, 

 feffile. Corolla monopetalous. Calyx-tccth nearly equal. 



J j otipuias 



