TRIFOLIUM. 



Stipulas awned. Stem branched. Leaflets ovate, obtufe, 

 flightly and minutely toothed." — Found by Mr. Schoufboe 

 in Morocco. Root annual, or biennial. fVillJ. We know 

 nothing more of this fpecies. 



49. T. penfylvanlcum. Pennfylvanian Buffalo Clover. 

 WiUd. Enum. 793. Purfh n. 6. — " Spikes ovato-cylin- 

 drical, folitary, denfe. Lowed tooth of the calyx (horter 

 than the monopetalous corolla. Stipulas awned. Stem 

 much branched, zigzag. Leaflets ovate-elliptical, obtufe, 

 entire." — In woods and fields, from Pennfylvania to Vir- 

 ginia, flowering from June to September, and known by 

 the name of Buffalo Clover. It refembles T. medium very 

 much. The flowers are of a fine red. Purjh. 



50. T. pannon'uum. Hungarian Trefoil, or Clover. 

 Jacq. Obf. fafc. 2. 21. t. 42. Linn. Mant. 276. WiUd. 

 r. 40. Ehrh. PI. Seleft. n. 9. AUion. Pedem. v. i. 

 304. t. 42. f. 2. (T. orientale majus villofiflimum, floribus 

 flivefcentibus ; Tourn. Cor. 27.) — Spikes denfe, elliptic- 

 oblong, folitary. Calyx hairy ; its loweft tooth longeft. 

 Corolla monopetalous ; ftandard very long and linear-lanceo- 

 late. Stipulas with awl-lhaped points. Leaflets hairy, 

 nearly entire, minutely pointed. Stem ereft. — Native of 

 meadows in Lower Hungary, Armenia, and about the 

 Bithynian Olympus. Cultivated by profefTor Wilhams, at 

 Oxford, in 1799. One of the moft ftriking fpecies, on 

 account of its very large and denfe oh\oT\^ /pikes of innu- 

 merable cream-coloured _^oiycrj, whofe corolla is about an 

 inch and a quarter long. The root is perennial. Stem a 

 foot and a half or two feet high, fometimes a little branched. 

 Leaflets an inch and a half or two inches long, elliptic- 

 lanceolate, either quite entire, or bluntly toothed towards 

 tlie end, which is tipped with a little fpinous point. Stipulas 

 oblong, ribbed, united to the lower half of edic\i footjiali ; 

 their points nearly twice as long, awl-fliaped, hairy. Calyx 

 furrowed, its upper part, and long teeth, clothed with 

 long and denfe filky hairs. The prominent rounded angle 

 of each wing of the corolla retains, in the dried fpecimens, 

 a remarkable whitenefa, fomething of which may be feen 

 in T. ochrolcucum. 



Profeffor Willdenow, in a note to his Enumeratio, 793, 

 has feparated Tournefort's plant by the name of armenium, 

 diilinguifhing it chiefly by the leaflets being linear-lanceolate, 

 and emarginate ; for the flight differences in the proportion 

 of the lower calyx-tooth and tube of the corolla, as well as 

 the cafual branching of the flem, are of no moment. Our 

 Bithynian fpecimens have certainly narrower leaflets than one 

 fent from Piedmont ; but thofe in the Linnaean herbarium, 

 as well as the plates of Jacquin and Allioni, are intermediate 

 between the two. We have not examined an authentic 

 fpecimen of Tournefort, but there is no reafon, from Will- 

 denow's definition, to fuppofe his a different fpecies. 



51. T. elongatum. Long-beaked Trefoil. Willd. n. 41. 

 — " Spikes lax, elliptical, folitary. Lower calyx-tooth the 

 length of the wings of the monopetalous corolla. Standard 

 very long. Stipulas lanceolate. Leaflets lanceolate, vil- 

 lous. Stem afcending, branched." — Native of Galatia. 

 Perennial. The whole plant is villous. Stem half a foot 

 high, branched from the bafe, round, ftriated. Leaflets 

 toothed at the extremity. Stipulas oblong, with a lanceolate 

 point. Calyx tubular, villous ; with fetaceous teeth, four 

 of which are nearly equal. Standard lanceolate, twice as 

 long as the wings or keel. Differs from T. alpeflre in having 

 fmall leaves, a longer flandard, a branched afcending ^cm, 

 and in being a hairy plant. IVilldenow . 



52. T. canefcens. Hoary Oriental Trefoil. Willd. n. 42. 

 Ait. n. 31. Sims in Curt. Mag. t. 1168. (T. trichoce- 

 phalum; Bieberft. Taur. v. 2. 212. T. orientale canefcens, 



12 



capitulo oblongo, fordidJ albo ; Tourn. Cor. 27.) — Spikes 

 ovate, lax, folitary. Calyx-teeth hairy, lanceolate, all nearly 

 equal. Corolla monopetalous. Stipulas taper-pointed. 

 Leaflets elliptical, villous. Stem fimple, afcending. — Na- 

 tive of Cappadocia, and of the alpine heights of Caucafus, 

 towards Armenia. Mr. Loddiges of Hackney received it 

 from the neighbourhood of mount Caucafus. A hardy 

 perennial, flowering in May. Root cylindrical, rather woody, 

 branching at the top into feveral leafy tufts. Stems feveral, ■ 

 a fpan high, or not fo much, covered with clofe filky hairs, ■ 

 flightly leafy. Leaflets hardly an inch long, more or lefs 

 acute, very nearly entire ; moll ftriated with fine elevated 

 ribs near the edge. Stipulas pale, membranous, gradually 

 tapering into a hairy point. Spike thick, two inches long. 

 Calyx hairy ; its lower tooth very little the longeft. 

 Corolla cream-coloured. We conceive there can be no 

 doubt of the correftnefs of the above fynonyms, though we 

 have not compared fpecimens. 



53. T. ochroleuciim. Sulphur-coloured Trefoil. Linn. 

 Syft. Nat. ed. 12. v. 3. 233. Willd. n. 47. Ait. n. 36. 

 Fl. Brit. n. 5. Engl. Bot. t. 1224. Jacq. Auftr. t. 40. 

 Curt. Lond. fafc. 6. t.49. Mart. Ruft. t.35. Afzel. Tr. 

 of Linn. Soc. v. i. 229. (T. fquarrofum ; Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1082. AVilld. n. 44. Ait. n. 33.) — Spikes elliptical, 

 hairy. Loweft calyx -tooth very long, linear, finally re^ 

 flexed and rigid. Stem ereft, downy. Loweft leaflets in- 

 verfely heart-fhaped. — Found in dry, bufliy, gravelly or 

 calcareous* paftures, in England, Switzerland, Auftria, 

 and the fouth of Europe, as far as Conftantinople, flowering 

 in June or July. Root branching, perennial. Habit of the 

 plant between pratenfe, medium, &c. with which it agrees in 

 fize, and pannonicnm, which it refembles in colour of the _ 



flowers. The white point of the wings, when dry, is con- 

 fpicuous in both. The flems are twelve or eighteen inches 

 high, foKd, but little branched, and of a ftift, flender, bare 

 afpeft. Leaves diftant, on longifli ilalks ; the uppermoft 

 oppofite ; leaflets linear-oblong, or fomewhat elliptical, thofe 

 of the lower leaves ftiort, rounded, or obcordate ; all hairy, 

 and almoft perfeftly entire. Stipulas linear, tubular, clofe, 

 with fimple ribs, and a very taper point. Head terminal, 

 ftalked, ereft. Calyx furrowed, hairy, with briftle-fliaped 

 teeth, the lower one thrice the length of the reft, and, after 

 flowering, ftill more elongated, wiry, and reflexed, giving 

 the head a teafel-like afpeft. Corolla monopetalous, ■vel- 

 lowifli cream-coloured, with a long ereft ftandard. Le- 

 gume membranous, with one feed, in the fwelling tnbe of 

 the calyx. 



We remove this fpecies nearer to its alhes than where 

 Willdenow has placed it. In an advanced ftate, it was 

 defcribed by Linna;us as diftinft, by the name of fquarrofum, 

 but the original fpecimen from Sauvages's herbarium has 

 enabled us to correft this miftake. The fynonym of 

 Morifon, feft. 2. t. 13. f. i, evidently belongs to T. anguf- 

 tifoUum, n. 57, though poffibly his " other fpecies, with 

 a round leaf," may be oehroleucum ; but this is of little 

 importance. What T. fquarrofum of Bieberft. Taur. v. 2. 

 214, with a purphfli flower, may be, we cannot determine. 

 It is requifite to correft an error in Fl. Brit, where Fuch- 

 fius is cited improperly, his plant being 7'. montamim, here- 

 after defcribed. 



54. T. pallidum. Pale Hungarian Trefoil. Willd. n. 46. 

 Ait. n. 35. "Waldft. et Ki-taib. Hung. v. i. 35. t. 36." 

 — " Spikes fohtary, roundifli. Stipulas membranous ; the 

 upper ones oppofite. Leaflets roundifli. Corolla mono- 

 petalous. Border of the calyx bearded internally ; its 

 teeth nearly equal." — Native of meadows in Upper Hungary. 

 Annual or biennial. Differs from T. pratenfe in having 



footflalts 



