TRIFOLIUM. 



fiotjlalht even to its uppermoft oppofite haves, and alfo an 

 em3.rgm3.te Jiandard ; from oehroleucum in the JUpulas being 

 ovato-lanceolate, with a long point, and tie calyx-teeth 

 nearly equal ; from both it is diftinguifhed by the annual 

 or biennial root, roundifli leasts, vihxte Jlotuen , and whole 

 ■afpedl. IVilldenow. 



55. T. maritimum. Teafel-headed Trefoil. Hudf. ed. i. 

 284. Fl. Brit. n. 8. Engl. Bot. t. 220. Willd. n. 43. 

 (T. fteUatum ; Hudf. ed. 2. 326. T. ilellatum glabrum ; 

 Ger. Em. 1208. Pluk. Phyt. t. 113. f. 4. T. fpicatum 

 minus, flore minore dilute purpureo ; Morif. feft. 2. t. 14.) 

 — Spikes terminal, nearly globofe. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, 

 leafy ; finally fpreading. Stipulas lanceolate. Leaflets 

 obovate — Native of muddy marfhes, efpecially near the 

 fea, in various parts of the Englifix coaft, from Norfolk to 

 Somerfetfhire, nor does this Tri folium feera to be known in 

 any other part of the world. The plant is annual, flowering 

 in June and July. Stems numerous, near a foot high, 

 fpreading or decumbent, branched, very leafy, round, 

 ftriated, a Kttle hairy. Leaflets from half an inch to an 

 inch long, of a narrow obovate form, nearly entire, dark 

 green, hairy. Footjlalhs moftly longer than the leaflets, and 

 ufually much longer than the lanceolate, taper-pointed 



fiipulas. Uppermoft leaves oppofite. Spiles denfe, more 

 or lefs ftalked, about half an inch in length and breadth. 

 Calyx chiefly hairy at the top of its tube ; teeth, after 

 flowering, enlarged, leafy, deep green, three-ribbed, per- 

 manent ; the lower one rather longeft. Corolla pale purple. 

 Legume turbinate, with one feed. 



56. T. incarnafum. Crimfon Trefoil. Linn. Sp. PI. 1083. 

 Willd. n. 45. Ait. n. 34. Curt. Mag. t. 328. Sm. Fl. 

 GrsEC. Sibth. t. 748, unpublirtied. (Lagopus maximus ; 

 Cluf, HilL V. 2. 246. Ger. Em. 1192. L. latifobus ; 

 Rivin. Tetrap. Irr. t. 17.) — Spikes cylindrical, obtufe, 

 leaflefs, hairy. Leaflets inverfely heart-ftiaped, rounded, 

 crenate, hairy. Calyx-teeth awl-fliaped, nearly equal. — 

 Native of Italy, France, Switzerland, &c. Gathered by 

 T)r. Sibthorp on the celebrated mount Athos. This is a 

 hardy, annual, and confiderably ornamental, plant, long 

 known in our gardens, flowering in July, but not in fuch 

 general cultivation as it defervcs. The broad roundifli 

 leeiflets ; obtufe, wavy, red- veined Jlipulas ; and efpecially 

 the long denfe fiower-fpiles, of a peculiarly rich and beau- 

 tiful crimfon or carmine colour, readily diftinguifh this 

 fpecies. As the fteds ripen, the fpreading, rigid, pointed 

 ralyx-teeth render the/piies very prickly. The Jlem is eredl, 

 foftly hairy, eighteen or twenty-four inches high. 



57. T. anguflifolium. Narrow-leaved Trefoil. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1083. Willd. n. 48. Ait. n. 37. Sm. Fl. Gr<ec. 

 Sibth. t. 749, unpubliftied. (T. alopecurum anguftifolium 

 clatiu« ; Barrel. Ic. t. 698. Lagopus hifpanicus ; Rivin. 

 Tetrap. Irr. t. 16. L. anguftifolius hifpanicus ; Cluf. Hift. 

 V. 2. 247. Ger. Em. 1193.) — Spikes cylindrical, hairy. 

 Leaflets linear, pungent. Calyx-teeth briftle-fliaped ; the 



lowermoft rather longelt Native of the fouth of France, 



Spain, Italy, Germany, Carniola, Caucafus, Greece, and 

 the Archipelago, flowering early in fummer. In the latter 

 countries it goes by various modern Greek names, fynoni- 

 mous with Cat's-tail. This Trefoil has often been raifed in 

 our gardens, being a hardy annual, diftinguirtrcd from the 

 laft by its long, very narrow, grafiy leaflets, and the pale 

 pink, or lilac, hue of its corolla. 



58. T. arvenje. Hare's-foot Trefoil. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1083. Willd. n. 50. Fl. Brit. n. 9. Engl. Bot. t. 944. 

 Curt. Lend. fafc. 6. t. 50. Purfli n. 7. Fl. Dan. t. 724. 

 (Lagopus; Fuchf. Hift. 494. Camer. Epit. 724. Rivin. 

 Tetrap. Irr. t, 15. Lagopodiuro, Pes leporis ; Ger. Em. 



'.■93-) — ^; Lagopus perpufillus fnpinus perelegans mari- 



timus ; Dill, in Rail Syn. 330. t. 14. f. 2 Spikes very 



hairy, nearly cylindrical. Calyx-teeth briftle-fliaped, longer 

 than the corolla. Leaflets narrow-obovate. — Native of dry 

 fandy fields, throughout Europe and the Levant, as well as 

 in North America, from Canada to Virginia, flowering in 

 July and Auguft. Root annual. Herb very various as to 

 luxuriance, ereft or decumbent. Stems much branched, 

 rather zigzag, round, hairy. Leaflets from half an inch to 

 an inch long. Stipulas ovato-lanceolate, acute, ribbed, often 

 red. Spikes from half an inch to an inch and a half long, 

 but always about half an inch thick, very foft and downy, 

 the flender, prominent, equal (alyx-teeth being denfely 

 fringed, with fine, filky, reddifli hairs, and projecting far 

 beyond the little white corolla. Legume very fmall. An 

 entirely ufelefs weed, not eaten readily by any animals that 

 we are acquainted with. 



59. T.flellatum. Starry-headed Trefoil. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1083. Willd. n. 51. Ait. n. 39. Compend. Fl. Brit, 

 ed. 2. no. Engl. Bot. t. 1545. Sm. Fl. Grace. Sibth. 

 t. 750, unpubliflied. Ger. Em. 1028. (T. fteUatum pur- 

 pureum monfpeftirlanum ; Bauh. Hift. v. 2. 376. f. 2. 

 Morif. feft. 2. t. 13. f. 9. Lagopus minor ereftus, capite 

 globofo ftellato, floribus purpureis ; Barrel. Ic. t. 860.) — 

 Spikes terminal, hairy, ovate. Calyx-teeth fpreading, 

 leafy, equal, taper-pointed. Leaflets inverfely heart-fliaped, 

 toothed. Stipulas elliptical. Stems fpreading. — Found in 

 fandy fields throughout the fouth of Europe, and every 

 part of the Levant, flowering in June and July. Tradef- 

 cant cultivated this pretty plant, and Gerarde has left us a 

 good defcription, but no figure. Hudfon latterly miftook 

 his own maritimum, n. 55, for the flellatum ; but the latter 

 was difcovered by Mr. W. Borrer in Suflex, in 1804, grow- 

 ing plentifully between Shoreham harbour and the fea. 

 The herb is annual, varying much as to luxuriance, always 

 confiderably hairy, fpreading or diffufe. Leaflets fmall and 

 abrupt. Flowers white, or blufti-coloured, monopetalous, 

 the Jlandttrd ereft, rifing much above the very hairy calyx, 

 whofe enlarged, red or tawny, teeth fpread in a ftarry man- 

 ner after flowering, when their crimfon bafes are elegantly 

 contrafted with a denfe tuft of vehite cottony hairs, which 

 clofe the mouth, and conceal the little membranous fingle- 

 feeded legume. 



60. T. leueanthum. White-bloflomed Tartarian Trefoil. 

 Bieberft. Taur. v. 2. 214. — " Spikes villous, nearly globofc, 

 ftalked. Calyx fpreading, with nearly equal teeth, ftiorter 

 than the corolla. Stipulas awl-fhaped. Leaflets obovate- 

 oblong, flightly ferrated at the exttemity." — Native of dry 

 hills, in the fouthern parts of Tartary, flowering in May 

 and June. Pallas miftook it for T.flellatum, to which it is 

 defcribed, in the above work, as being very near ; but the 



flems are only about a finger's length, flipulas laiiceolate- 

 awlftiaped, entire, (which is the moft material diftinftion,) 

 leaflets more oblong, at leaft the upper ones, flowers fmaller, 

 the villous hairs of the calyx (we prefume in its mouth) 

 reddifli, not white. 



61. T. clypeatum. Buckler-fliaped Trefoil. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1084. Willd. n. 52. Ait. n. 40. Allien. Pedem. 

 V. I. 306. Sm. Fl. Grac. Sibth. t. 751. (T. clypeatum 

 argenteum ; Alpin, Exot. 307. t. 306.) — Spikes terminal, 

 ovate. Calyx-teeth ovate, leafy, very unequal, finally 

 fpreading ; the lower one very large. Stipulas ovate. Leaf- 

 lets roundifli-obovate. — Native of Crete, Cyprus and Pied- 

 mont ; alfo of Greece and Afia Minor. Cultivated in 

 Chelfea garden, early in the laft century, and at Cambridge 

 by the late Mr. Donn. A hardy annual, flowering in fum- 

 mer. The general habit and fize of the plant are not unlike 



I i 2 T. pratenfe. 



