TRIFOLIUM. 



T.pralenfe, but the leaflets are (horter and rounder, fome- 

 times marked at each fide with a fnriall marginal purple 

 ftreak, not a central fpot. Flowers either light rofe- 

 coloitfed, or white. Calyx very remarkable, efpecially as 

 the fruit advances, for its broad, ovate, pointed, hairy, 

 many-ribbed teeth, or fegments, forming a fort of five- 

 angled fhield, green and leafy, its mouth clofed by an ob- 

 long valve, under which is the fmall, membranous legume, 

 with a gibbous yi'fi/. The great inequality of its calyx-teeth 

 diftinguifhes this plant from the Jlellatum and maritimum ; its 

 broad Jlipulas approach the former, but are totally unlike 

 the latter. Indeed thefe three fpecies, though more natu- 

 rally allied, by the peculiarities of their calyx, to each other 

 than to any of the foregoing befides, are very unlike in 

 habit. Many of the following accord with them in the 

 leafy nature of their calyx, but differ in having lateral heads, 

 to fay nothing of their much fmallcr dimenfions. 



62. T. alb'idum. Whitifh Starry Trefoil. Retz. Obf. 



fafc. 4. 30. Willd. n. 53. Ait. n. 41 " Spikes Italked, 



nearly globular. Calyx fpreading ; its lower tooth linear- 

 awl-fhaped. Stipulas linear-awlfhaped. Leaflets oblong. 

 Stems diffufe." — The native country of this fpecies is 

 unknown. ProfeiTor Retzius raifed the plant from feeds 

 fent him under a wrong name. Mr. Aiton mentions it 

 as introduced at Kew about 1796. It proves a hardy 

 annual, flowering in July and Auguft. The Jlems are 

 branched, round, (lightly downy ; branches knotty at 

 the bafe. Leaves oppofite ; leaflets of the lower ones 

 ovate, of the upper lanceolate, with a fliort recurved 

 terminal briftle, the margin and keel fringed. Stipulas 

 flreaked with green and white. Heads on long .-ftraight 

 ftalks, without floral leaves ; nearly globular when in flower, 

 ovate in fruit. Calyx cylindrical, downy, with clofe-preiTed 

 awl-ftiaped teeth ; the lowermoft three-ribbed, about the 

 length of the corolla, which is yellowifh-white and monope- 

 talous ; the dorfal ones, which are rather (horter than the 

 two next, are clapped fo clofe to the corolla, that their 

 points are hidden under the lateral teeth. As the fruit ad- 

 vances, the calyx-teeth become dilated and fpreadmg, as in 

 T.Jlellatum. Retzius. We have feen no fpecimen. 



63. T.fcairum. Rough Trefoil. Linn. Sp. PI. 1084. 

 Willd. n.54. Fl. Brit. n. ic. Engl. Bot. t. 903. Curt. 

 Lond. fafc. 6. t. 48. (T. flofculis albis, in glomerulis ob- 

 longis, afperis, caulibus proxim^ adnatis ; Vaill. Parif. t. 33. 

 f. I . T. minus, capite fubrotundo parvo albo et echinato ; 

 Barrel. Ic. t. 870.) — Heads ovate, fefTile, axillary. Calyx- 

 teeth unequal, lanceolate, rigid ; at length recurved. — Na- 

 tive of England, France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, 

 the Morea, and about Conftantinople, generally in dry 

 chalky ground, or on fand over a llratum of chalk, flower- 

 ing early in fummer ; chiefly occurring with us in Norfolk 

 and Kent, but not commonly in either. This is a fmall, 

 deprefTed, rigid, annual fpecies, of no account in agricul- 

 ture. Stems four to fix inches long, zigzag, angidar, hair}-. 

 Leaflets fmall, obovate or obcordate, hair\', toothed and 

 ftrongly veined. Stipulas broad-lanceolate, membranous. 

 Heads lateral and terminal, always axillary, half an inch 

 long. Calyx-teeth green and leafy, though narrow, rigid, 

 hairy, finally recurved and fpinous. Corolla white or flefh- 

 'Coloiired. Legume membranous, enclofed in the hardened 



furrowed calyx. 



64. T. echinatum. Little Hedge-hog Trefoil. Bieberft. 

 Taur. v. 2. 216. — " Heads ovate, terminal and axillary, 

 (talked, leaflefs. Calyx-teeth awl-(haped, unequal, hairy, 

 (horter than the corolla. Stem declining, branched. Leaflets 

 obovate'-oblong, entire." — Native of mount Caucafus. An- 

 nual. Habit of T. lappaceum, n. 38. Stem rather hairy, 



with fubdivided branches. Stipulas awl-(haped, hairy- 

 Leaflets entire, flightly hairv. Flower -flails much longer 

 than the heads. Calyx ilriated, downy all over ; tube very 

 fhort ; teeth extremely narrow, finely pointed, clothed with 

 fpreading hairs ; the lowermoft longeft; all widely expanded 

 when the fruit ripens, as in T. lappaceum. Corolla monope- 

 talous, pale, twice the length of the calyx, with a long lan- 

 ceoXsXe Jlandard. We have feen no fpecimen. This fpecies 

 appears indeed to be very near lappaceum,-\hon^ ranged after 

 fcabrum by the learned author who is our only guide. 



65. T. glomeratum. Round-headed Smooth Trefoil. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 1084. Willd. n. 55. Fl. Brit. n. 11. Engl. 

 Bot. t. 1063. Curt. Lond. fafc. 4. t. 51. (T. cum glo- 

 merulis ad caulium nodos rotundis ; Pluk. Phyt. t. 113. 

 f. 5. T. arvenfe fupinum verticiUatum ; Barrel. I c. t. 882.) 

 Heads hemifpherical, feflile, lateral, fniooth. Calyx-teeth 

 equal, heart-fhapcd, reflexed, veiny — Native of Spain, and 

 of gravelly meadows and paftures in various parts of Eng- 

 land, but not univerfally. Annual, flowering about Mid- 

 fummer. Root furni(hed wth flefliy knobs. Whole ^/ani 

 deilitute of pubefceiice. Stems (lender, various in length, 

 quite proftrate, fcarcely branched. Leaflets neatly toothed 

 and Ilriated, often marked acrofs with a white or yelIowi(h 

 ftripe. Stipulas ovate, membranous. Flowers rofe-coloured, 

 very pretty, with little green leafy calyx-teeth. Seed minute. 



66. T. parviflonim. Small-flowered Trailing Trefoil. 

 Ehrh. Beitr. v. 7. 165. PI. Select, n. 29. WiUd. n. 56. 

 Bieberft. Taur. v. 2. 218 ? — Heads globofe, axillary, 

 (talked, nearly fmooth. Calyx-teeth awl-(haped, rather un- 

 equal, fpreading, recurved, longer than the corolla. Stem 

 procumbent. Leaflets obovate, toothed. — Native of Hun- 

 gary and Siberia. Willdenow. Linnaeus knew this plant, 

 but confounded it with his flriBum ; fee n. zo. It is moft 

 akin to glomeratum, in fize, habit, fmoothnefs, mode of 

 growth, and peculiar charadlers ; but differs e(rentiaUy in 

 the length and form of its calyx-teeth, as well as the ftalked 

 heads, and remarkably membranous pellucid flipulas, with 

 green awl-(haped teeth. The corolla feems to be rofe- 

 coloured. A few hairs are fometimes feen on the calyx, 

 which is very ftrongly ribbed. 



67. T. flriatum. Soft Knotted Trefoil. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1085. Willd. n. 57. Fl. Brit. n. 12. Engl. Bot. t. 1843. 

 (T. parvum hirfutum, floribus parvis dilute purpureis, in 

 glomerulis moUioribus et oblongis, femine magno ; Raii 

 Syn. 329. t. 13. f. 3. Vaill. Parif. t. 33. f. 2.) — Heads 

 ovate, feirde, lateral and terminal. Calyx elliptical, hairy, 

 furrowed, with briftle-fhaped, rather unequal, teeth. Leaves 

 downy. — Native of dry, rather barren, fandy paftiu^es, io 

 Germany, Hungary, France, Spain, and England, flower- 

 ing in June. Root annual, with fmall flefhy knobs. Whole 

 herb downy, and verj- foft to the touch, by which it is known 

 from all the fpecies which it otherwife reienibles. Stems 

 procumbent, from three to fix inches long, branched, round, 

 often zigzag. Leaflets obovate, finely toothed. Stipulas 

 ovate, broad, pointed, fomewhat membranous between the 

 ribs. Heads moftly terminal. Calyx-teeth green, fringed, 

 lengthened out after flowering. Corolla pale rofe-coloured, 

 about as long as the calyx. Germen with rudiments of two 



feeds ; legume with only one, which is thrice as large as that 

 of glomeratum, n. 65. 



68. T.gemellum. Twin-headed Trefoil. Willd. n. 58. 

 — " Heads oblong, terminal, in pairs. Calyx hairy : its 

 teeth briftle-fhaped, unequal, longer than the corolla. 

 Leaflets wedge-lhaped, emarginate, finely toothed at the 

 extremity. Stems fimple." — Native of Spain, from whence 

 fpecimens were fent by the abbe Pourret, to profe(ror Will- 

 denow, under the above name. Root annual. Stems a 



finger's 



