TRIFOLIUM. 



which IS four-feeded, furnifhed with a long prominent beak. 

 Each flower has a narrow lanceolate bra9ea; befides the five 

 broader ones under the head. The latter are faid to be 

 wanting in T- turgidum, Bieberft. Taur. v. 2. 2l6, which 

 is perhaps a variety, with ^3\er Jlowers. 



74. T. recurvum. Recurve-branched Trefoil. Willd. 

 Enum. 795. " Waldft. et Kitaib. Hung. v. 2. 179. 

 t. l6j." — " Heads ovate in flower, oblong in feed. Calyx 

 of the fruit inflated, naked. Stems ereft. Branches re- 

 curved. Leaflets with briftly ferratures." — Native of Hun- 

 gary. Biennial. Willd. 



75. T. refuplnatum. Reverfed, or Salamanca, Trefoil. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 1086. Willd. n. 64. Ait. n. 48. (T. 

 foUiculatum, five veficarium, minus, purpureum ; Bauh. 

 Hift. 379. T. pratenfe foUiculatum, flore inverfo ; Barrel. 

 Ic. v. I. 73. n. 824. t. 872.) — Heads roundifli. Flowers 

 reverfed. Calyx of the fruit inflated, oblong, membranous, 

 reticulated, downy, with two terminal fpinous teeth. Stems 

 proftrate. — Native of Germany, Flanders, Italy, all Greece, 

 and the Archipelago, flowering in the fpring. A fmooth 

 annual plant, much agreeing in habit with our EngMlh 

 glomeratum, but larger, and the lateral headt of httle crimfon 

 jlo'tiers are fupported by longifli ftalks. Each flower is 



turned on its back. The heads in feed are twice as large, 

 being then near an inch broad. Calyx of the fruit much en- 

 larged, fplit length wife, pale green, beautifully reticulated 

 with ftrong veins, terminating in two teeth only, and be- 

 fprinkled with fliort tawny hairs. Legumes two-feeded. 

 Leaflets obovate, ribbed, ferrated. Stipulas (hort, abrupt, 

 with lanceolate teeth. We prefume T. bicorne, Forlk. 

 Egypt. -Arab. 139, can hardly be different from the prefent 

 fpecies. 



76. T. iomentofum. Woolly Ball Trefoil. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1086. Willd. n. 65. Ait. n. 49. (T. fragiferum ; 

 Rivin, Tetrap. Irr. t. 10. f. 2. T. fragiferum tomen- 

 tofum ; Magn. Monfp. 265. t. 264. T. glomeruhs tomen- 

 tofis per caulium longitudinem ; Bauh. Hirt. v. 2. 379.) — 

 Heads globofe. Calyx of the fruit inflated, globofe, mem- 

 branous, reticulated, denfely woolly, with two minute ter- 

 minal teeth. Stems proftrate. — Native of the fouth of 

 France, as well as of Spain, Portugal, Barbary, Greece, and 

 the Levant. Cultivated by Parkinfon, before 1640. jiit. 

 Root perennial. Stems numerous, from two to fix inches 

 long, branched, proftrate, but not creeping. Leaflets obo- 

 vate, fmooth, obtufe, neatly ribbed, bordered with mi- 

 nutely fpinous teeth. Stipalas ovato-lanceolate, pointed. 

 Heads lateral, ftalked, (horter than the leaves and footftalks, 

 hemifpherical while in flower, in which ftate the tube of the 

 calyx is very fmooth, with three teeth, on the under fide ; 

 gibbous and woolly on the upper, with two teeth. As the 



fruit ripens, each head becomes an aggregate ball, half an 

 inch in diameter, of globular, crowded, denfely woolly 

 calyces, exquiCtely reticulated with pink veins. Nothing 

 can be more diftindl from the laft, yet their fpecific cha- 

 rafters are not eafy to define in a ftriking manner. Linnaeus 

 juftly remarks, that this fpecies comes nearer to refupinatum, 

 with which its corolla agrees, than to fragiferum, which it 

 fo much refembles in fruit. Some copies of Rivinus want 

 the figure above cited, which was added to the plate after 

 its firft publication. 



77- '^•fragiferum. Strawberry -headed Trefoil. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 1086. Willd. n. 66. Fl. Brit. n. 14. Engl. 

 Bot. t. 1050. Curt. Lond. fafc. 2. t. 55. Fl. Dan. 

 t. 1042. Ger. Em. 1208. ( T. fragiferum, foho oblongo ; 

 Vaill. Parif. t. 22. f. 2.) — Heads roundifli, on ftalks much 

 longer than the leaves. Calyx of the fruit inflated, globofe, 

 >nembranous, reticulated, nearly fmooth, with two awj- 



ihaped, terminal, curved teeth. Stems creepisg Native 



of low moift paftures or heaths, efpecially by rivers, in a 

 black boggy foil, throughout Europe, from Sweden to 

 Greece, and in Afia Minor, flowering in fummer. Root 

 perennial. Herbage fo like T. repern as to be eafily eon- 

 founded therewith, except that the heads of flowers ar« 

 fmaller, and moft generally pink ; though oftener white in 

 Sweden. Stifulas lanceolate, large, acute, white and mem- 

 branous, with green veins. The heads, when perfecting 

 fruit, ftrikingly refemble a hautbois ftrawberry, in fize and 

 colour, being larger than thofe of the laft fpecies, nearly 

 fmooth, and more richly coloured with red and green. The 

 two fpinous points of the calyx are alfo far more con- 

 fiderable. Legume with two feeds. This Trefoil is eaten by 

 cattle, but its crop is late, and of trifling amount. 



78. T. phyfodes. Bladder-headed Trefoil. Bieberft. 

 Taur. v. 2. 217. — "Heads roundifli. Calyx of the fruit 

 inflated, membranous, downy, with five nearly equal briftle- 

 ftiaped teeth, as long as the tube. Flower -ftalks as long as 

 the leaves. Stems procumbent, very fmooth." — Native of 

 Georgia. Chev. de Steven. Refembles the laft, but is 

 a diftinft fpecies. Stems fcarcely taking root, long and 

 (lender, very fmooth, not clothed with fcattered fpreading' 

 hairs as in T. fragiferum, any more than the footflalks and 



floiuerflalks. Stipulas narrower, with a longer point. 

 Leaflets larger, and of a brighter green. Flotxierflalkt 

 fhorter. Flowers with partial ftalks a hne in length, which 

 render the head lefs denfe. Calyx-teeth all nearly equal, re- 

 fembling the two terminal teeth of the laft. Corolla redder ; 

 with a longer and mrcofiex flandard. Such is the defcrip- 

 tion of the author quoted. The calyx-teeth appear to us to 

 afford the moft decided fpecific diftinftion. T, tumeni of the 

 fame writer is probably, as he fufpefts, only a more flender 

 variety of his phyfodes, with longer flalis, fmaller heath, 

 and fewer flowers ; but efpecially fmaller calyx-teeth. 



Seft. 5. LuPULINA. Standards of the flowers inflexed. 



79. T. montanum. White Mountain Trefoil. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 1087. Willd. n. 67. Ait. n. 51. Bieberft, 

 Taur. V. 2. 218. (T. folio longiore, flore albo ; Rivin. 

 Tetrap. Irr. t. 12. f. 2. T. pratenfe album ; Fuchf. 

 Hift. 818. Ic. 472. T. majus primum ; Cluf. Hift. v. 2. 

 245. T. majus flore albo; Ger. Em. 1185.) — Spikes 

 roundifh. Standard awl-fhaped, withering. Stem ereA. 

 Leaflets elliptical, with briftly teeth. — Native of dry- 

 mountainous paftures, in Germany, Switzerland, Savoy, 

 and Crete, flowering in Auguft. Dr. Pitcairn is faid to 

 have imported it in 1786. The root is woody and peren- 

 nial. Stems about a foot high, filky as well as the font- 



flalks. Lower leaflets broadeft and obtufe ; upper more 

 lanceolate and very acute ; all fmooth above, hght green, 

 neatly ribbed. Heads ftalked, at firft hemifpherical, but 

 from the drooping of the lowermoft flowers, as they fade, 

 foon becoming elliptical, and near an inch long. Corolla 

 white. Tube of the calyx pale, hairy about the top only ; 

 teeth about as long, awl-fhaped, ereft, rather unequal, re- 

 maining unchanged. The flandard, hke the other petals, 

 does indeed remain in a dried hardened ftate, but fcarcely. , 

 more than in T. hybridum, repens, &c. to which the prefent . 

 fpecies is fo nearly related in every other refpeft, and fo 

 little hke the reft of this feftion, that we could wifli to re- 

 move it from hence, were not Linnseus and every other ■ 

 author againft us. ■ 



80. T. fpeeiofum. Purple and Yellow Trefoil. Zant ' 

 Hay. WiUd. n. 68. Ait. n. 52. Sm. Fl. Graec. Sibth. 



t. 754, unpubl. (T. creticum elegantiflimum, magno flore ; 

 Tourn. Cor. 27.) — Spikes hemifpherical. Standard kid- 

 ney-fhaped, toothed as well as the wings. Stems zigzag, 



decumbent, 



