T R I 



T R 1 



tree is a native of mountainous woods in Cochinchina. 

 The name is liable to much objeftion. 



TRIPLARIS, from triplex, threefold, becaufe of the 

 prevalence of the number 3, in all the parts of fruftification. 

 —Linn. Gen. 41. Schreb. 57, 814. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 

 812. Mart. Mill. Dia. v. 4. Juff. 83. Lamarck Illuftr. 

 t. 825. — Clafs and order, 7V;a«^Wa TV/fjima, Linn. Dioecla 

 Dodecandria, Schreb. Dioecia Enneandrla, Willd. Nat. 

 Ord. Polygonett, Jufl". 



Gen. Ch. Male, Cal. Perianth of one leaf, turbinate, 

 in fix ovate, acute, concave fegments, externally hairy. 

 Cor. none. Stam. Filaments nine to twelve, thread-fliaped, 

 inferted into the calyx below its divifions, which they ex- 

 ceed in length, behind a crown of very fhort hairs ; anthers 

 heart-ftiaped, ereft. 



Female, Cal. Perianth of one leaf, inferior, large, per- 

 manent ; tube ovate, fwelling ; limb ereft, in three deep, 

 lanceolate, membranous, veiny, obtufe fegments. Cor. 

 Petals three, linear, obtufe, veiny, permanent, clofely preffed 

 to the germen. Stam. Filaments about twelve, very (hort, 

 awl-fhaped, ereift, inferted as in the male, but dellitute of 

 anthers, and often altogether wanting. Pi/l. Germen 

 fuperior, large, triangular ; ftyles three, very fhort ; ftigmas 

 awl-fhaped, keeled, hairy. Perk, none, except the per- 

 manent calyx. Seed. Nut triangular, pointed, invefted with 

 the tube of the calyx. 



Eff. Ch. Male, Calyx in three deep fegments. Corolla 

 none. Stamens nine or twelve. 



Female, Calyx inferior, in three deep fegments. Petals 

 three. Styles three. Nut triangular, clothed with the 

 calyx. 



1. T. americana. Terminal-flowered Triplaris. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 130. Loefl. It. 256. Willd. n. I. Aubl. Guian. 

 910. t. 347. Vahl Symb. v. 2. 100. (T. pyramidahs ; 

 Jacq. Amer. 13. t. 173. f. 5.) — Clufters terminal as well as 

 axillary, oppofitely branched — Native of woods in South 

 America, flowering in November. A tree, whofe trunk is 

 forty feet high ; its fummit pyramidal and denfe ; its 

 branches hollow, ufually full of fmall red ants. Leaves 

 elliptic-oblong, alternate, acute, entire, fmooth, on (hort 

 ftalks. Stiptda annular, intrafoliaceous, membranous, (hort. 

 Spikes hairy ; the male Jlowers green, fragrant ; female ones 

 rofe-coloured. 



2. T. ramiflora. Lateral-flowered Triplaris. Jacq. 

 Amer. 14. Vahl Symb. v. 2. 100. Willd. n. 2. — 

 Clufters lateral, flmple, moftly folitary. — Native of Car- 

 thagena. 



TRIPLE, Threefold. See Ratio and Sub-triple. 



Triple, in Mujic, is one of the fpecies of meafure, or 

 time. 



Triple time confifts of many different fpecies, of which 

 there are in general four, each of which has its varieties. 

 The common name of triple is taken hence, that the whole, 

 or half meafure, is divifible into three equal parts, and is 

 beaten accordingly. 



The firtt fpecies is caHed the Jimple triple, in which the 

 meafure is equal to three femi-breves, three minims, three 

 crotchets, three qaavers, or three femi-quavers, which are 

 marked thus, 4, or 4, 4, s > tV > ^JUt the lail is not much 

 ufed, except in church mufic. 



In all thefe the meafure is divided into three equal parts, 

 or times, called thence triple times, or the meafure of three 

 times ; of which two arel^eat down, and the third up. 



The fecond fpecies is the mixt triple ; its meafure is equal 

 to fix crotchets, or fix quavers, or fix femi-quavers, and ac- 

 cordingly it is marked ^, or |, or -,V > t)ut tlw iaft is feldoro 

 iifed. .. 



Some authors add other two ; -viz. fix femi-breves and fix 

 minims, marked t, or f ; but thefe are not in ufe. 



The meafure here is ufually divided into two equal parts, 

 or times, of which one is beat down and one up : but it 

 may alfo be divided into fix times ; of which the firft two 

 are beat down, and the third up ; then the next two down, 

 and the lalt up ; ;'. e. each half of the meafure is beat like 

 the fimple triple (on which account it may be called com- 

 pound triple), and becaufe it may be thus divided either 

 into two or fix times [i. e. two triples), it is called mixed ; 

 and, by fome, the meafure of fix times. 



The third fpecies is the compound triple, confifting of nine 

 crotchets, or quavers, or femi-quavers, and marked 4, -sr -rr ^ 

 the firft and laft are httle ufed ; and alfo add ?, -i, which are 

 never ufed. 



This meafure is divided into three equal parts, or times, 

 of which two are beat down, and one up ; or each third part 

 may be divided into three times, and beat hke the fimple 

 triple ; on which account it is called the meafure of nine 

 times. 



The fourth fpecies is a compound of the fecond fpecies, 

 containing twelve crotchets or quavers, or femi-quavers, 

 marked V > Vj -r.r ; to which fome add V', and V, which 

 are never ufed ; nor are the firft and third much ufed, efpe- 

 cially the latter. 



The meafure here may be divided into two times, and 

 beat one down, and one up ; or each half may be divided 

 and beat as the fecond fpecies, either by two or three ; in 

 which cafe it will make in all twelve times, and hence is 

 called the meafure of ttuelve times. 



The French and Italian authors make a great many more 

 fpecies and divifions of triple time, unknown, or at leall 

 unregarded by our Enghih muficians, and therefore not fo 

 neceflary to be dwelt upon here. 



While the modes or moods were in ufe, triple time was the 

 moft difRcult part of a mufician's ftudy ; and, indeed, feems 

 not to have been well underftood by the mafters themfelves, 

 as no two writers of elementary trafts on the fubjeft feem to 

 agree. But at prefent, by the ufe of bars and points, with the 

 Itahan technical terms for the degrees of quick and flow, 

 triple time is fo fimplified, that young ftudents find it eafier, 

 and feel it fooner than common time. (See Plate Time- 

 Table, and the article Notation. ) When every gentleman's 

 child learned to dance a minuet, young muficians found it 

 eafier to beat and to keep triple time, though it feems to 

 limp, than common, which is the moft fimple, natural, and 

 equable of all meafures and motions. See Minuet. 



Triple Progreffton, in Harmonics, fuppofed to have been 

 the invention, or rather to have been firft applied to mufical 

 ratios by Pythagoras. To fpeak praftically of this divifion 

 of the monochord, or general fyftem of mufic, it was the 

 guide not only of Pythagoras, but Euclid, and all the 

 Greek and Roman writers on harmonics, except Ariftoxenus. 

 It precluded all idea of temperament, by a feries of perfedt 

 5ths ; nor was a temperament thought of by any of the 

 ancients, except Didymus and Ptolemy ; but they feem 

 never to have been implicitly followed. 



Nothing but mere melody being in queftion, and the 

 major 3d being fo harfli as to be ranked among difcords, 

 temperament was not much wanted till counterpoint had 

 made fome progrefs ; and then it was as much oppofed by 

 the adherents to the praftice of the ancients, as the Coper- 

 nican fyftem was by the adherents to the Ptolemean. 

 Thefe prejudices, however, had been nearly aimihilated, and 

 the temperament of keyed and wind inftruments became fo 

 habitual, that the triple progreflion had had no champion 

 for a long time, till the abbe Rouflier, a Pythagorean 



enrage. 



