I TRI 



common every-day ufe. They are now however nfuall)' 

 >ralled fpecitic names, in contradiftinftion to generic ones ; 

 the original fpecific names of Linnseus being at prefent more 

 properly termed fpecific definitions, or differences. Trivial 

 inames may contain the efTential charafters of the feveral fpe- 

 icies, as Sagiita procitmbetis and apcfa/a, in which cafe they are 

 but a repetition, or an anticipatii*, of the fpecific differences. 

 iThey more ufiially ferve to exprefs fome concomitant cir- 

 cumflance, tolerably certain as a diftinftive mark of each 

 fpecies, though not in the fpecific charafter, fuch as annua, 

 pereniiis, fmUciifa ; or alba, lutea, rubra, &c. Former ap- 

 pellations of eaoii fpecies, fnch as Hydropiper and Pcrjicaria, 

 efpecially if the plants be remarkable for their medical or 

 economical ufes, as Cinnamomum, Rhabarharmn, Ahjtnlh'ium, 

 Napus, Rapa, &c. are very commodious, though injudi- 

 cioudy laid afide by fome reformers. Thefe mull always 

 begin with a capital letter, being proper names, not required 

 to agree in gender with the generic name. In Zoology, fuch 

 appellations of fpecies as we have lail mentioned are pecu- 

 liarly ufeful, and generally preferred by Linnxus to all 

 others. 



TRIVICARY, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 the Carnatic ; 20 miles S.E. of Gingee. 



TRIVICUM, Trivico, in Ancient Geography, a fmnll 

 town of Italy, on the frontiers of the Hirpins and of Apulia. 

 It lay on the Trajan way, at a diftance E. of Benevento. 



TRIVIDHA, in Mythology, a name of the Hindoo 

 goddefs Parvatl. The word is faid to mean three -fold, the 

 Hindoo goddefs correlponding in many points with the triple 

 Hecate of the Greeks. 



TRIVIER, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Sefia ; 6 miles N.E. of Biella. 



TRIVIGILLO Bay, a bay in the gulf of Honduras, 

 on the coaft of Mexico. 



TRIVIGNANO, a town of Italy, in the Trevifan ; 7 

 miles W.N.W. of Trevigio. 



TRIVIKERA, or Trivikrama, in Mythology, a name 

 of the Hindoo god Viflinu. It means the three-ftepper, 

 alluding to his having in one of his avataras, or incarnations, 

 deceived a powerful fovercign into a promife of giving him 

 all he could cover in three fteps. 



TRIVIUM, a term invented in the times of barbarifm 

 to exprefs the three fciences that were firft learned in the 

 fchools, via,, grammar, rhetoric, and logic ; and the fchools 

 in which thefe fciences were ta\ight were called triviales. 



The quadrivium, to which the fcholar next proceeded in 

 his way to the fummit of literary fame, comprehended the 

 four mathematical fciences, viz. arithmetic, mufic, geometry, 

 and aflronomy. 



TRIUMFETTA, in Botary, named by Plumier, ferves 

 to commemorate John Baptift Triumfetti, of Bologna, doftor 

 in medicine and philofophy, and lefturer at the botanic gar- 

 den of Rome, which was under his direction. He pnbhfhed 

 there, in 1685, a thin quarto volume entitled Obfervationes de 

 ortu ac vegetatione phntarum, including dcfcriptions and en- 

 gravings of feveral new fpecies. This is an able work, 

 though more frequently quoted for its figures than its phi- 

 lofophy ; a very common cafe. The author publifhed in 

 1 703 a refutation of fome criticifms that had appeared againft 

 his book. He died in 1707. His brother, Lxlius Trium- 

 fetti, likewife profefTor of botany at Rome, is faid to have 

 been well (killed in the knowledge of plants, though he does 

 not appear as an author. — Linn. Gen. 239. Schreb. 321. 

 832. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 853. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. 

 Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 3. 14J. Plum. Gen. 40. t. 8. Juff. arjo. 

 Lamarck Illullr. t. 400. Gaertn. t. III. (Bartramia; 

 Linn. Gen. cd. 5. 184. Lamarck lUuflr. t. 400. G-ertn. 



T R I 



t. III. ) — Clafs and order, Dodecandrla Monogynia. Nat. 

 Ord. Columnifera, Linn. Tiliarea-, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of five lanceolate, deci- 

 duous leaves, with a briflly point juft below the fummit. 

 Cor. Petals five, linear, obtufe, ereft, concave, bent back- 

 ward juft above the bafe. Stam. Filaments fixteen, equal, 

 afcending, awl-fhaped, ftraight, tlie length of the corolla ; 

 anthers fimple, roundifh, of two cells. Pijl. Germen 

 fuperior, roundifh ; ftyle the length of the ftamens ; fligma 

 in two acute divifions. Perie, Capfule globofe, covered all 

 over vvfith hooked prickles, feparating into four cells. Seeds 

 one or two in each cell, ercft, convex at the outfide, angular 

 at the inner. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx of five leaves, deciduous. Petals five. 

 Capfule prickly, feparating into four parts. 



Obf. The fuppofed want of a calyx in the original Tritim- 

 fetta is a manifefl error, fubfequently correfted by Linmus ; 

 as is likewife, if we miftake not, the dorfal point attributed 

 to each petal. Yet Gaertner ufes the former charafter to 

 ftrengthen the difference between Triumfetia and the original 

 Bartramia, though furely every principle of charailer and 

 habit proclaim their identity. Bartramia therefore, is 

 now retained as the name of a very diftiaft and elegant genus 

 of Moffes. See Musci. 



1. T. Lappula. Bur Triumfetta. Linn. Sp. PI. 637. 

 Willd. n. I. Ait. n. I. (T. fruftu echinato racemofo ; 

 Plum. Ic. 253. t. 255'. Lappula bermudenfis althfoides 

 fpicata, fruftu orbiculari majore ; Pluk. Phyt. t. 245. f. 7. ) 

 — Leaves heart-fhapcd at the bafe. Calyx foon deciduous. 

 Flowers in denfely whorled aggregate fpikes. — Native of 

 the Weft Indies and South America. A fhrub four or five 

 feet high, flowering about July and Auguft in our ftoves, 

 where it was cultivated in Miller's time, hut is f.-ldom much 

 noticed, the yellow Jloiuers being fmall and inconfpicuous. 

 The leaves are ftalked, alternate, feveral inches broad, round- 

 ifli, toothed, downy, with three or five fhallow acute lobes. 

 Capfules the fize of a pea, armed with prominent hooked 

 prickles, which ftick to the coats of animals, and are widely 

 (lifperfed, each capfule fplitting when ripe into four parts, 

 lodging folitaryy^ffl'j-. The /piles are terminal, feveral toge- 

 ther, alternate. 



2. T. glandulofa. Glandular Triumfetta. Forfk. Cat. 

 Fl. Arab. Fel. 112. n. 297. Vahl Symb. v. 3. 62. Willd. 

 n. 2. — Leaves ovato-lanceolate ; downy and hoary beneath ; 

 their lower ferraturcs more or lefs glandular. Flowers ax- 

 illary, from the upper leaves.— Gathered by Forn<a!l in the 

 middle region of the hills of Arabia Felix. Branches woody, 

 round, villous. Leaves on ftiort ftalks, numerous, three 

 inches long, gradually fmaller upward, clothed on both 

 fides with foft ftarry hairs, but grccneft on the upper ; 

 entire at the bafe, but otherwife ferratcd. Stifiulas awl- 

 fhaped. 



3. T. Bartramia. Currant-leaved Traimfetta. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 638. Willd. n. 3. Ait. n. 2. (Lappago amboi- 

 nica ; Rumph. Amboin. v. 6. book 10. 59. t. 25. f. a. 

 Lappula bengalenfis tetrafpermos, ribefii foljo, cchinis orbi- 

 cularibus ad foliorum exortiis plurimis fimul feffilibus ; Pluk. 

 Phyt. t. 41. f. 5.) — Leaves acutely lobed and toothed; 

 entire at the bafe ; roughifti on both fides. Flowers race- 

 mofe, partly aggregate ; the lower ones axillary — Ritive 

 of the Eaft Indies. The Itaves arc rou^hiih to the touch, 

 not downy. We are not certain of havmg feen authentic 

 fpecimens, Linnxus having been very fuperficially acquainted 

 with the fpecies of this genus. Oar's has but four feeds in 

 each capfule. 



4. T. velutina. Velvet-leaved Triumfetta. Vahl Sjhiib. 

 v. 1. 62. Willd. n. 4. — Leaves roundifh-ovate, flightly 



•^ lobcd. 



