T R O 



T. puniceus of Linn. Gmel., and crefted brown humming- 

 bird of Latham. 



Minimus. Gold-green ; meafuring about an inch and 

 half in length ; beneath whitifli, with violet -brown wings 

 and tail. Leaft humming-bird of Edwards and Shaw, &c. 

 The fmalleft of the genas, and confequently of the whole 

 feathered tribe : its general length being fomewhat more 

 than an inch and a quarter. Shaw's General Zoology, 

 vol. viii. 



Striatijs. Brown ; beneath white, with a longitudinal 

 Ilria or ftreak green-gold ; brown cap ; black quill-feathers ; 

 bafe of the tail cinnamon-coloured, tip obfcure. The 

 brown-crowned humming-bird of Latham. Found in the 

 ifland of Tobago. 



Obscurus. Blue ; crown obfcure ; chin and throat 

 gloffy-green ; middle of the back greenifh ; rump, wings, 

 and tail purple. The dufky-crowned humming-bird of 

 Latham. 



Cyanocephalus. Green-gold, with head, tail-feathers, 

 and crown blue ; abdomen red. Found in Chili. 



Glaucopis. Green-gold, with blue front ; white vent ; 

 violet-brown tail-feathers ; pennated feet ; tail fteel-blue 

 fub-furcated. The blue-fronted humming-bird of Latham. 

 Found in Brafil. 



Cyanomelas. Variegated with white and blue ; throat 

 and breaft red. Black and blue humming-bird of Bancroft 

 and Latham. Found in Terra Firma and the Caribbee 

 ifiands. 



GuiANENSls. Green, with craft and breaft red ; quill- 

 feathers and tail-feathers green, variegated with red and 

 purple. Guiana humming-bird of Latham. 

 FlMBRIATUS. See Mellivorus. 

 LONGICAUDUS. See Pi-aturus. 

 Campylopteru.s. See Latipennis. 

 Niger. See Vielloti. 

 Leucogaster. See Pegasus. 

 Bicolor. See Smaragdo-sapphirinus. 

 ViRiDissiMUS. See Mellisugus. 

 RuFUs. See Collaris. 

 Puniceus. See Pileatus. 

 ToBACi. See Maugeanus. 

 Elatus. See Moschitus. 



Trochilus is alfo a name ufed by Ariftotle, Pliny, and 

 others of the ancient naturalifts, for the regulus criftatus, or, 

 as we call it, the golden-crowned wren. 



Trochilus is alfo the name of a remarkable water-bird, 

 being very long-legged, yet web-footed. 



It is a very fwift runner on the ground, and is thence 

 called by the Spaniards corrixa. Its beak is ftraight and 

 black at the end, and the opening of its mouth very wide ; 

 it has black eyes furrounded by a white naked membrane, 

 and that by a brown one. On its under part it is white ; 

 its back, flioulders, and wings, are of a ferruginous colour ; 

 its running is fo very fwift as to equal the flight of moft 

 birds. Aldrovand. de Avib. lib. xix. c. 35. 



TROCHING, the fmall branches on the top of a deer's 

 head. 



TROCHITjE, or Trochites, in Natural Hijlory, a 

 kind of figured foflile ftones, refembling parts of plants ; 

 vulgarly called St. Cuthbcrt's beads. 



They are ufually of an opaque, browni(h colour : they 

 break like fpar, glofly and Ihining, and are eafily ditTolvcd 

 in vinegar. Their figure is generally cylindrical, fometiracs 

 a little tapering, the circumference fmooth, and both the 

 flat fides covered with fine radii drawn from a certain hole 

 in the middle to the circumference. 



T R O 



Two or three, or more, of the fimple trochitje, joined 

 together, conftitute what the natur.ilifts call an entrochus. 



In thefe the trochitae, or fingle joints, are fo fet together, 

 that the rays of the one enter into furrows in the other, 

 as in the futures of the fl<ull. They are found in great 

 plenty in the bodies of the rocks at Braughton and Stock, 

 two villages in Craven, at all depths under ground ; alfo in 

 Mendip-hills, &c. fometimes only fprinkled here and there, 

 and fometimes in large ftrata, or beds, of all magnitudes, 

 from the fize of the fmalleft pin, to two inches about. 



They are often found ramous or branchy, feveral rudi- 

 ments of large branches arifing from the ftem, or cylinder, 

 and fometimes ftill fmaller from thefe. The branches being 

 deeply inferted' into the ftem, the tearing them off leaves 

 great holes in them. See Entrochus Ramofus. 



Dr. Lifter has difcovered a fort of little fragment among 

 them, which he takes to have been the apices of them ; and 

 another fort, which he imagines to have been the roots : for 

 he fuppofes them to be a fort of rock-plants. 



M. Beaumont, in the Philofophic.^l Tranfaftions, affures 

 us, that he has found, that all the cliffs in fome mines are 

 made up of thefe entrochi, fomc of which have been con- 

 verted into a reddifh matter ; while others, becoming white 

 fpar, compofe bodies of that fubftance : and confidering 

 that all the cliffs, for a very large circumference in fome 

 places, confift almoft wholly of thefe ftones, it has been 

 thought by fome, who fuppofe them plants, that there 

 have been, and ftill are, whole fields or forefts of thefe under 

 ground, as there are of coral in the Red fea. In the courfes 

 between the cliffs are found of thefe foffils, at all ftages 

 and degrees of maturity, growing up in the gritty clay, 

 and rooted in the rake-mold ftones, many of them of the 

 form and dimenfions of a tobacco-pipe, with the evident 

 beginnings of circles and futures ; and others fuU-grown, 

 formed of perfeft fpar, and at their point of maturity. 



The central matter, in many, continues ftill white and 

 foft, as the whole fubftance is, by fome, thought to have 

 been at firft ; and is continually refreflied by the mineral 

 ftreams and moifture, which have free accefs to it through 

 five hollow (Tits, or feet, in the figured roots, or through 

 the mafs of clay ufually lying under the plain roots. 



From the curiofity of their make, and from this acci- 

 dental refemblance of plants, many have thought them to 

 be fuch ; and af&rm, that they may vie with moft of the 

 vegetable kingdom, and are fhaped and formed like them ; 

 having ftem, branches, roots, an inward pith, as likewife 

 joints and runnings in their grit, and fometimes cells to fup- 

 ply the place of veins and fibres. 



Others have thought it highly probable, thefe rock-plants 

 are lapides fui generis, and not parts of animals or plants 

 petrified, as many authors have imagined. If the figured 

 roots, on which they fometimes grow, give any fufpicion 

 they might have belonged to an animal, particularly a fpccies 

 of the ftella arborefcens, the trunks feem to them to e%-ince 

 the contrary : nor are they reducible to any known fpecies 

 of vegetables. M. Beaumont tells us, that he had by him 

 above twenty different fpecies of ti-Qchkes, all of them won- 

 derfully regular, and not to be paralleled by any vegetable 

 he knows of in nature ; and it is inconceivable how fo 

 many fpecies, diffufed through many parts of the earth, 

 /hould come to be loft. They are certainly, indeed, 

 not vegetable remains, but are truly parts of the ftella 

 arborefcens petrified. Ste farther, Kcppellus Effai de 

 Entroch. and the articles Entrociius, Star^, and 



^TAV.-Jlone. 

 TROCHITIFER Gi-ans. 



See Glans Trochilifera. 

 TROCH- 



