T R O 



TRODENA, a towu of the county of Tyrol ; i6 miles 

 S.S.E. of Bolzano. 



TRCEZEN, or Trezen, Damala, m AucienI Gsography, 

 a town fituated towards the S.E. extremity of the peninfula 

 of the Argolide, at a fmall diltance from the fea, and at 

 the junftion of the two rivers, the Chryforrhoes and the 

 Hylycus. This town took its name from a hero, the fon 

 of Pelops, and the brother of Pitheus. The lail reigned 

 there, and was admired for his virtues and the mildnefs of 

 his government. The veneration which his conduft had ex- 

 cited, remained to the time of Paulanias. 



Troezen abounded with a variety of monuments ; among 



■ which we may reckon the tomb of Pitheus in a temple con- 



ftrufted in honour of Diana Confervatrix by Thet'eus, after 



his return from Crete, as an acknowledgment of his having 



efcaped the fury of the Minotaur ; a portico ornamented 



with the llatues of women and children ; a chapel confe- 



crated to the Mufes, and a great number of ten\ples. The 



inhabitants of HalicarnafTus, in Caria, regarded Troezen 



, as their capital. A great part of the territory of Troezen 



was an illlimus extending into the fea, and as far as Her- 



niione to the W. The port lay N. of the town, and was 



, called " Pogonis portus." 



I Trcezen, a town of the Peloponnefus, in the interior 

 [ of MefTenia. Ptolemy. 



TRCEZENE, a town of Afia Minor, in Carii. 

 Sti-abo. 



TROGEN, in Geography, a town of Switzerland, and 

 chief place of the Proteftant part of the canton of Appen- 

 zell, celebrated for its manufacture of cloth. Near it is 

 a mineral fpring, containing copper, fulphur, and alum, 

 ufed externally for feveral complaints ; 7 miles S.E. of 

 St. Gall. N. lat. 47° 14'. E. long. <f 33'. 



TROGILIUM, in /Indent Geography, a promontory 

 of Afia Minor, in Ionia, W.S.W. of mount Mycale, and 

 S.S.E. of the promontory Pofidium. 



TROGILUS, a country of Macedonia. Steph. Byz. 

 TROGLODYTES, Troglodyt.«, formed of xfi-yx^, 

 caverna, and Ji/w, / enter, a people of Ethiopia, faid to have 

 lived in caves under ground. 



Pomp. Mela gives a ftrange account of the Troglodytes. 

 — He fays, they did not fo properly fpeak as fhriek ; and 

 that they lived on ferpents, &c. Tzetzes calls them Ichthy- 

 ophagi. Montanus takes them to be the fame with thofe 

 called in Scripture Ghanam'tm. Pintianus in Strabo will 

 have the name written without the /, Trogodita. 



Thefe Troglodytes, fo called by the Greeks from their 

 primeval habitations in natural caverns, or in mountains 

 excavated by their own labour, were probably, as fir 

 William Jones conjeftures (Works, vol. iii. p. 166, 8vo. ) 

 the firft inhabitants of Africa, where they became in time 

 the builders of magnificent cities, the founders of feminaries 

 for the advancement of fcience and philofophy, and the in- 

 ventors (if they were not rather the importers) of fymbolical 

 charafters. Upon the whole he concludes, that the Ethiops 

 of Meroe were the fame people with the firft Egyptians, 

 and hence hkewife, as might be eafily fliewn, with the ori- 

 ginal Hindoos. We have already, aided by the conjeftures 

 and hiftorical details of the learned Bryant, .and of the inde- 

 fatigable traveller Bruce, traced the probable origin of thefc 

 people under the article Cush. Having accompanied the 

 Cufhites or Cuthites in their migrations to Abyffinia, and 

 laggefted the reafon of their forming excavations in the 

 mountains and rocks for their habitations, we (hall now at- 

 tend them in their peregrinations towards the fouth. Bc- 

 fides other arts, with which they fccni to have been 

 Vol. XXXVI. 



T R O 



.icquainted, they employed themfelves in allronomical ob- 

 fervations; and accordingly willied to difengage themfelves 

 from the tropical rains and cloudy flcics, that hindered their 

 corrcfpondcnt obfervations with their countrymen, defccndcd 

 from the fame anceftors, who had eflabliihed themfelves at 

 Meroe and Thebes. But upon advancing witliin the 

 fouthern tropic, they ftill found rains ; and, therefore, con- 

 ftrufted houfes, fuch as the fears of a deluge had induced 

 them to prepare. They found folid and high mountains in 

 a fine cHmate ; but, more fortunate than their countrymen 

 to the northward, they found gold and filver in large quan- 

 tities, which determined their occupation, and conftituted 

 the riches and confequence of their country. In thefe 

 mountains, called the " mountains of Sofala," large quan- 

 tities of both metals were difcovered in their pure and un- 

 mixed ftate, lying in globules without alloy, or any necefllty 

 of preparation or feparation. The balance of trade, fo long 

 againll the Arabian and African continents, turned now in 

 their favour, from the immenfe influx of thefe precious 

 metals, found in the mountains of Sofala, juft on the verge 

 of the fouthern tropical rains. The northern colonies ad- 

 vanced gradually from Meroe to Thebes, intent upon th« 

 improvement of architefture and building of towns, which 

 they began to fubftitute for the caves which they and their 

 anceftors, the Cufiiites, originally occupied ; and they thus 

 became traders, farmers, artificers in various branches, and 

 even practical aftronomcrs, from having a meridian night 

 and day free from clouds, for fuch was that of the Theb.iid. 

 As their brethren, .who ftill inhabited the mountains, did 

 not enjoy fimilar advantages, being confined by fix months' 

 continued rain to their caves, we may naturally imagine 

 that their fedentary hfe would render tiicm ufcful in re- 

 ducing to praftical purpofes the obfervations daily made by 

 thofe of their countrymen who lived under a purer (ky. 

 Letters too, or at leaft one fort of thcni, and arithmetical 

 characters, as we are informed, were invented by this middle 

 portion of the Cufiiites ; while trade and ailronomy, the 

 natural hiftory of the winds and feafons, were employing 

 that part of the colony which was eftabliflied at Sofala, 

 more to the fouthward. The very nature of the commerce 

 of the Cufiiites, the coUefting of gold, the gathering and 

 preparing of fpices, necefiarily fixed them perpetually at 

 home : but his profit depended on the difperfion of thefc 

 fpices through the continent, otherwife his mines, and the 

 trade produced by the pofleflion of them, would be of little 

 avail. A carrier was neceflary for the difperfion of their 

 difpofable commodities ; and fuch they found in their own 

 vicinity. Thefe carriers were denominated Berbers or 

 Shepherds, as well as diftinguilhed by other appellations 

 of fimilar import. Thefe fhepherds of the Thcbaid and 

 Ethiopia were wholly employed in the difperfion of the 

 Arabian and African goods all over the continent ; and 

 they rofe to be a great people. As that trade increafcd, 

 their cattle multiplied, and confequently they increafed in 

 number, and the extent of their territory was enlarged. 

 Nothing was more oppofite than the manners and life of the 

 Cufiiitc, and his carrier the fhepherd. The firft, although 

 he h.id forfaken his caves, and now lived in cities which he 

 had built, was necefiarily confined at home by his commerce, 

 amaffing gold, airanging the invoices of his fpices, hunting 

 in the k-alon to provide himfelf with ivory and with food 

 through the winter. The mountains, and the cities he after* 

 wards built, were fituated upon a loamy, black earth, fo 

 that as foon as the tropical rains began to fall, he was de- 

 prived of his cattle, by fwarms of flies (fee Zimb) which 

 appeared wherever that loamy earth was ; which made him 

 S f abfqiiitely 



