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abfolutely dependent upon the fhepherd, who was himfelf 

 alfo afFefted by this circumftance. The (hepherd, as a 

 carrier, was enabled to perform his long and toilfome 

 journies acrofs Africa by means of the camel, emphatically 

 called by the Arabs " the (hip of the defert." When Cai-- 

 thage was built, the carriage of this commercial city fell 

 into the hands of the Lehabim, or Lubim, the Libyan 

 peafants, and became a great acceflion to the trade, power, 

 and number of the fhepherds. For a further account of 

 thefe fhepherds, fee Shepherds of Egypt. 



As the Abyflinians of the Arabian ftock had no fymbols 

 of their own to reprefent articulate founds, they borrowed 

 thofe of the Troglodytes above mentioned ; and to them we 

 mav with probability trace the origin of the Abyffinian 

 written language, or the Ethiopic, which is a dialeft of old 

 Chaldsean, and a filler of Arabic and Hebrew ; and many 

 improvements in fcience and the arts, as well as in commerce, 

 at an early period, were introduced into Africa, and 

 through Abyffinia and Ethiopia into Egypt, by thefe 

 people. It has indeed been fuggefted that the Gy^« (fee 

 the article ) were Troglodytes from the rocks near Thebes, 

 where a race of banditti ftill refemble them in their habits 

 and features ; but it feems more probable that the Gypfies, 

 whom the Italians call Zingaros and Zinganos, were no 

 other than Zinganians, who might, in fome piratical ex- 

 pedition, have landed on the coail of Arabia or Africa, 

 where tliey might have rambled to Egypt, and at length 

 have migrated, or been driven into Europe. 



Troglodytes is alfo an appellation given to a fedt of 

 Jewifli idolaters. 



The prophet Ezekiel relates, chap. viii. ver. 8, 9, 10, &c. 

 that God, among other abominations of the Ifraelites, which 

 he fet before him, ftiewed him feventy old men, who, with 

 their cenfers in their hands, adored fecretly all kinds of ani- 

 mals and reptiles painted on the wall. 



Philaftrius, on this vifion of tlie prophet, erefts thefe 

 idolaters into a feft of Ifraehtes, who, hiding thenifelves 

 under ground, and in caves, adored all kinds of idols. 



And yet the prophet plainly (hews, that it was in fecret 

 parts of their houles, and not in fubterraneous caverns, 

 that thefe feventy Ifraelites idolatrized. The name 

 Troglodytes, then, is feigned ; and fo, probably, is the 



fea. 



Troglodytes, in Ornithology. See AVren. 



TROGODOS, TROBODOii, or Trobos, in Geography, a 

 name given by the Greeks of the prefent day to mount 

 Olympus, which divides the ifland of Cyprus longitudinally. 

 In order to diftingui(h it from another mountain of the fame 

 name in Natolia, and from another more famous in Mace- 

 donia, the ancients gave this the name of " Little Olympus." 

 On its fummit they had built a temple dedicated to Venus, 

 the entrance of which, by a regulation very ftrange for a 

 fpot confecrated to the goddefs of Love, was prohibited to 

 women : they were even forbidden to look at lU To this 

 temple, Jfn elegant and facred recefs, where were celebrated 

 the enjoyments of nature, had fucceeded retreats erefted 

 for privations. Numbers of convents were built on the 

 fame ground. There, laborious Coenobites embeUi(hed the 

 flcpe of the mountain with gardens, and plantations of all 

 forts, laid out with tafte. This was the moft charming 

 abode in the ifland ; and the rich Cypriots went thither, 

 ^.uring the fummer, to enjoy the coolnefs of agreeable 

 gror/es, watered by limpid ftreams, direfted with confider- 

 able art. Infenfible to a happy haimony of nature and in- 

 dulh-y, the Turk has carried his ferocity and ravages into 

 this beautiful diftrift : the monafteries have been demolifhed, 



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and cool and cheerful fpots have been clothed with the 

 rugged garb of fterility. Sonnini. 



TROGON, Curucdi, in Ornithology, a genus of tlie 

 Picas ; the charafters of which are, that the bill is (hortej 

 than the head, cultrated, hooked, and ferrated at the margin 

 of the mandibles ; the noftrils are covered with brilUes ; and 

 the feet, (hort, fimple, covered with down, are formed for 

 climbing, having two toes forward, and two backward. 



The birds of this genus are moftly inhabitants of South 

 America : they feed on fruits, and all agree in their general 

 habits of life. In Guiana they are denominated Couroucouis 

 or Curucui, from their notes being very much like that 

 word. 



Species. 



Strigilatus. Cinereous, with a fulvous abdomen ; 

 wings ftriated with white ; tail-feathers black, the three 

 lateral ones outwardly banded and tipped with white. The 

 cinereous curucui of Latham. Inhabits Cayenne and 

 Guiana. 



Curucui. Golden-green ; of a fulvous red beneath ; 

 throat black ; wing-coverts and the three exterior tail- 

 feathers white, ftriped with black. Red-bellied curucui of 

 Latham. Of this fpecies there are feveral varieties, viz- 

 one mentioned by Marcgrave, which had the wing-coverts 

 plain brown, the bill afh-coloured, irides faffron-coloured, 

 and without the bare fpot under the eye mentioned by 

 BrifTon in his defcription : — another, with a yellow ab- 

 domen ; the green yellow-bellied cuckow of Edwards : — 

 another, defcribed and figured by Buffon, of a cinereous- 

 grey, with very flight traces of green-gold, efpecially on 

 the back and middle tail-feathers ; the lower part of the 

 belly and the vent only being red ; the tail very long, haviag 

 the outer webs of the three lateral feathers and the tips 

 plain white ; the three outer quills are alfo marked with 

 black and white on the exterior webs. This fpecies is a 

 very fohtary bird, being found only in the thickeft forefts ; 

 and in pairing time never more than two are found together, 

 when the male has a very melancholy nete, never uttered 

 except whilft the female is fitting. They pair in April, and 

 lay three or four white eggs. The male, during the in- 

 cubation of the female, fupplies her with food, and by his 

 fong helps to pafs away the time. The young, when firft 

 hatched, are altogether without feathers, and are fed by the 

 old birds with fmall worms, caterpillars, and infefts ; but 

 are deferted by them, when they are able to fhift for them- 

 felves ; and the parent-birds return to their folitary haunts, 

 till Auguft or September, when they are prompted to pro- 

 duce another brood. At St. Domingo and in other iflands 

 thefe birds are called " Dcraoifelle," or " Dame Angloife," 

 where attempts have been made to tame them, but in- 

 effeftually, as they refufe to eat, and confequently die. They 

 are alfo found in Cayenne, Peru, Brafil, and Mexico. 



ViRlDls. Golden -green ; beneath yellow ; throat black ; 

 with the three lateral feathers on both fides obhquely den- 

 tated with white. The yellow-bellied curucui of Latham. 

 Of this fpecies there is a variety, toz. the lefs, with white 

 abdomen : the \vhitc-belhed curucui of Latham. This 

 fpecies inhabits Cayenne. 



RuFUS. Rufous, with the body beneath yellow ; wings 

 ftriated with black and grey ; the three lateral tail-feathers 

 ftriated with black and white, with white tips. The rufous 

 cinucui of Latham. Found in Cayenne. 



VioLACEU.s. Violet-coloured, with a green back ; wing- 

 coverts and fecondary quills fpottcd with white ; the three 

 lateral tail-feathers barred with black and white, witli white 



tips. 



