T R O 



T R O 



amount at prefent to loo monks. Their habk is black, 

 with a veil of the fame colour ; they eat no meat, and the 

 difcipHne of the order is very drift. This convent is dif- 

 tinguifhed in the annals of this country as the afylum for 

 the Rullian fovereigns, in cafes of infurreftion or danger ; 

 and is more particularly known to foreigners for the refuge 

 it afforded to Peter the Great, when he put an end to 

 the adminiftration of his filler Sophia ; 40 miles from 

 Mofcow. 



TROITZK, a town of Ruflia, in the government of 

 Penza ; 76 miles W.N.W. of Penza. N. lat. 54°. E. long. 



43° 34'- 



TROITZKOE, a town of Rufiia, in the government 

 of Uph.i ; 200 miles E. of Upha. N. lat. 54°. E. long. 

 61° 44'. — Alfo, a town of Ruffia, in the government of 

 Upha; 16 miles N.E. of Sergievlk. 



TROITZKOI, a town of Ruffia, in the government of 

 Simbirfk ; 20 miles N. of Sizran. — Alfo, a town of Ruflia, 

 in the government of Archangel, on the Pineg ; 28 miles 

 S.E. of Pineg. — Alfo, a town of Ruffia, in the government 

 of Upha ; 40 miles N.W. of Bclcbeev. — Alfo, a town of 

 Ruffia, in the government of Tobollk, on the Oby ; 204 

 miles N. of Tobolflf. N. lat. 61° 24'. E. long. 42° 50'. 

 — Alfo, a town of Ruffia, in the government of Tobolfli ; 



40 miles N.W. of Narim Alfo, a town of Ruffia, in 



the province of Uftiug ; 32 miles S. of Lalflc. — Alfo, a 

 town of Ruffia, in the government of Koftrom ; 40 miles 

 S. of Vetluga. — Alfo, a town of Ruffia, in the government 

 of Koftrom; 12 miles N. of Vetluga. — Alfo, a town of 

 Ruffia, in the government of Tobolfk ; 14 miles N.N.E. of 

 Tafievfkoi. 



TROKI, or Trocki, a town of Lithuania, and capital 

 of a palatinate to which it gives name. This town was 

 built by the great duke Gedimin, in the year 132 1, and is 

 fituated among lakes ; it was formerly the refidence of 

 the great dukes, who afterwards removed their feat to 

 Wilna. In the year 16^5, it was demolished by the 

 Ruffians; 16 miles W. of Wilna. N. lat. 54° 33'. E. 

 long. 24° 44'. 



TROLHCETTA, a town, or rather village, of Sweden, 

 in Weil Gothland; 15 miles E.S.E. of UddevalLi. For 

 an account of the canal of Trolhcetta, fee Canal. 



TROLLING, among ylnghrs. To troll, is to fifh for 

 pikes with a rod whofe line runs on a reel. See Pike- 

 Fjshing. 



TROLLIUS, in Botany, a name given to this plant, our 

 Globe-flower, by Conrad Gefner, which, though of bar- 

 barous etymology, has been univerfally retamed. This 

 might be attributed to refpeft for its illuftrious author, were 

 there not fo many bad reafons for which barbarous names 

 have been admitted. The derivation of Trollius is faid to 

 be from an obfolete German word trol, or trohn, expi-effing 

 any thing globular. Hence it is fynonimous with the 

 Englifli name of this flower ; as well as with the French 

 one, boule d'or. Profeflbr Martyn fays, after Haller, 

 " Trollblume, in German, feems to fignify a magical flower." 

 From what we have feen and heard of the feftive ufes of the 

 Globe-flower in the north of Europe, there appears to be 

 fome idea of this kind attached to it, which neverthelefs 

 may not be the origin of the name. — Linn. Gen. 282. 

 Schreb. 378. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 1333. Mart. Mill. 

 Did. v. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 597. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 3. 

 359. Purfli 391. Sahf. Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 8^ 302. 

 Juir. 233. Lamarck Illullr. t. 499. Giertn. t. I18.— 

 Clafs and order, Polyandria Polygyma. Nat. Ord. Multi- 

 Jiliqua, Linn. Raiiunculiu:eit, Jull. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. none. Cor. Petals about fourteen, 

 fometimes fewer, roundilTi-ovate, concave, converging, deci- 

 duous, three in each outer row, five in the mnermolt. 

 Neftaries about nine, linear, flat, incurved, perforated at the 

 bafe withiiifide. Stain. Filaments numerous, linear, much 

 fliorter than the corolla ; anthers linear, ereft. Pift. 

 Germens fuperior, numerous, feffile, columnar ; ftyles fliort ; 

 ftigmas pointed, fhorter than the ttamens. Peric. Capfules 

 numerous, colledled into a head, oblong, comprefled, curved, 

 pointed, burfting at the inner edge, of one cell. Seeds 

 numerous, obovate, angular, pohfhed, inferted along the 

 inner edge of each valve. 



Efl!". Ch. Calyx none. Petals numerous. Neftaries 

 about nine, oblong, flattened. Capfules numerous, oblong, 

 with many feeds. 



Obf. Linnaeus erroneoufly in Gen. PI. calls the capfules 

 ovate and fingle-feeded. 



1. T. europaus. European Globe-flower. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 782. Willd. n. 1. Fl. Brit. n. I. Engl. Bot. t. 28. 

 Fl. Dan. t. 133. Lightf. Scot. 295. (Ranunculus glo- 

 bofus; Gcr. Em. 955. R. fextus ; Camer. Epit. 385. 

 Globe Crowfoot ; Pctiv. Herb. Brit. t. 43. f. 2.) — Petals 

 clofely converging. Nedlaries the length of the ftamens. — 

 Native of mountainous, rather moift, meadows and paflures 

 in the north of Europe, efpecially Lapland, Sweden, Ger- 

 many, Switzerland, Wales, the northern counties of Eng- 

 land, and Lowlands of Scotland, flowering in May and 

 June. The root is perennial, of many (lout fibres. Herb 

 fmooth. Stem erecl, two feet high, round, leafy, branched 

 in the upper part. Leaves deeply divided into many 

 wedge-fliaped, deeply cut and toothed, acute, fprcad- 

 ing lobes ; the radical ones on long llalks ; the reft nearly 

 feffile, alternate. Flowers folitary at the naked fummits of 

 the branches, ereft, globular, above an inch wide, of an 

 elegant bright uniform yellow. Nectaries obtufe. Seeds 

 black. Haller and Lightfoot fay the flowers are fragrar.t, 

 which we have not obferved. The Scotch call them 

 Luchn-goivans, or Cabbage-daifies. In Weftmoreland we 

 have feen thefe flowers gathered by the peafaiits, with 

 great feftivity, and made into garlands for the young men 

 and women, as well as to decorate the porches of their cot- 

 tages. Linnxus mentions them as ufed in Sweden to ftrew 

 the floors on holidays. 



2. T. ajiatkus. Afiatic Globe-flower. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 782. Willd. n. 2. Ait. n. 2. Curt. Mag. t. 23J. (Hel- 

 leborus aconiti folio, flore globofo croceo ; Amm. Ruth. 76. 

 n. loi.) — Petals fpreading. Nedaries nearly equal to 

 them in length. — Native of the banks of rivers in Dauria. 

 Amman. — A hardy, but not very common, perennial in our 

 gardens, flowering in May or June. It requires a mixture 

 of loam and bog earth, in a northern expoiure, and mull 

 have due fupplies of water in dry fummers, ior want of 

 which we have, after feveral years fuccefsful cultivation, 

 loft the plant. This fpecies is very hke the former in 

 habit, though fomewhat larger, with more copious and 

 acute teeth, or ferratures, to the leaves. The jloiuers how- 

 ever are diftinguilhed by thc<r fpreading petals, of a rich 

 orange-colour, and the ftill deeper hue of their large and 

 numerous neBaries, almoft, or quite, equal to the petals m 

 leni'th. 'Thejloiver being much more open than in T. eu- 

 ropicus, the nedar'ies, as well as Jlamens and p'ljlds, are dif- 

 played in full view, and the whole makes a very handfome 



appearance. ,, , , . 



3. T. amerlcanus. American Globe-flower. Muhlenb. 

 Cat. 54. Donn. Cantabr. ed. 5. 139. (T. laxus ; Salif. 

 Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 8. 303. Pmffi n. i . Ait. I^P"- 375^; 



