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i «f this and the foregoing, we cannot help thinking that he 

 took for the fruit of T. americana, the nut of Trapa bicorms, 

 (fee Trapa,) which Burmann has fubjoined to Plumier's 

 t. 67. 



3. T. afpera. Rough-leaved Trophis. Retx. Obf. fafc. 5. 



30. Willd. Sp. PI. n. 3. Ait. n. 2 Thorns none. 



Leaves obovate, unequally ferrated, very rough on both 



fides. Petals four in all the flowers Native of woods and 



thickets at Tranquebar, flowering in April, from whence 

 we received fpecimens from the Rev. Dr. Rottler, in 1799. 

 Branches ftout, round, fubdivided, leafy, without thorns or 

 prickles ; flightly downy or hairy when young, and of a 

 rufty hue. Leaves acute, an inch long, on very fliort ftalks ; 

 ftrongly veined ; ferrated beyond the middle ; wedge- 

 ftiaped and entire at the bafe ; rough on both fides like a 

 file, with minute callous warts : hence they ferve to polifli 

 fine cabinet-work. Male Jloivers fix or eight, in axillary, 

 folitar)', globofe, ftalked heads, fometimes accompanied by 

 a fmall rufty braSea, in the middle, or at the bafe, of the 

 ftalk. Perianth none. Petals four, ovate, obtufe, concave. 

 Stamens four, thread-fliaped, longer than the corolla, with 

 ovate, furrowed anthers. Female Jloivers two or three toge- 

 ther, axillary, on ilalks like that of the male heads. Calyx 

 deeply divided into two rounded, concave, permanent feg- 

 ments, much fhorter than the corolla. Petals four, ovate, 

 or nearly orbicular, concave, downy, clofely invefting the 

 germen, permanent. Germen ovate. Style very rtiort. Stigmas 

 long and (lender. Berry orange-coloured, fmooth, fome- 

 what comprefled, with a fmall portion of pulp. Seeds one 

 or two, globular, the fize of a pea. 



4. 'Y.fphiofa. Thorny Trophis. Willd. n.4. (Cudra- 

 nus javanus ; Rumph. Amboin. v. 5. 22. t. 15. f. 2.) — 

 Branches thorny. Leaves elliptical, entire, fmooth. — Na- 

 tive of Java. Branches round, greyilh-brown, armed with 

 axillary folitary thorns, which are incurved when young, 

 but become fubfequently ftraight. Leaves ftalked, larger 

 than the laft, and very fmooth on both fides ; paler beneath. 

 Female Jlomers two or three together, lateral, ftalked. 

 Male ones not obferved. The wood is ufed to dye yellow, 

 and, with the addition of indigo, green. The berries are 

 defcribed by Rumphius about the fize of a ftrawberry, with 

 feveral feeds, and of a yellowifli colour. By his account 

 alfo, it fhould feem that this fruit is invefted with a permanent 

 hardened corolla, evincing the generic affinity of the prefent 

 fpecies to the laft ; though their belonging to Trophis muft, 

 for the prefent, remain very doubtful. 



TROPHONIUS, Oracle of, in Ancient Mythology, a 

 famous oracle in Boeotia, which was confulted with greater 

 ceremony than thofe of any deity, and fubfifted long after 

 all thofe of Greece ceafed. Trophonius, from whom the 

 oracle took its name, was the fon of Erginus, king of the 

 Orchomenians, who, as well as his brother, vi-ere famous ar- 

 chitefts, and built the temple of Apollo at Delphi. The 

 tomb of Trophonius had been altogether difregarded and 

 forgotten, when the Boeotians, on occafion of a great 

 drought, confulting the oracle of Apollo, were direfted to 

 have i-ecourfe to Trophonius at Lebadea. They purfued 

 the direftion of the oracle, and obtained an anfvver, that 

 fuggefted the means of removing their calamity. In con- 

 fequence of this event, they confecrated to Trophonius the 

 wood in which he was interred, and in this wood erefted a 

 temple to him, with his ftatue executed by Praxiteles. 

 The oracle of Trophonius was upon a mountain, within an 

 enclofure of white Hones, upon which are elevated obelifl<s 

 of brafs. In this enclofure there was a cavern, in the form 

 of an oven, cut out of the mountain by human art and 

 labour. Within this was another fmall cavern, with a very 



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ftraight entrance, into which thofe who confulted the oraele 

 were to pafs, vnth a variety of ceremonies. 



TROPHY, Trop^um, among the Ancients, a pile or 

 neap of arms of a vanquiftied enemy, raifed by the con- 

 queror m the moft eminent part of the field of battle. 



The word is formed from the Latin trophaum, or trot^tum, 

 which Voffius deduces from the Greek Tpoi7«, the flight of 

 an enemy. 



The word is alfo ufed for an artificial reprefentation of 

 fuch a pile in marble, ftone, or other matter. Such were 

 the trophies of Marius and Sylla, in the Capitol, &c. 



The ancient trophies confift of Greek and Roman arms ; 

 and the modern ones of arms of the various nations now in 

 ufe ; as in thofe infulated ones near Blenheim, in the Faux- 

 bourg S. Antoine, and in the caftle of Verfailles. Some 

 are done in balfo-relievo ; as thofe of the Trajan column, 

 and the Attic of the court of the Louvre. The form of 

 thefe trophies cannot be better defcribed than in Virgil's 

 fecond JEneid. Of thofe which Marius raifed after^'the 

 Cimbric war, ftill remaining at Rome, Fabricius has given 

 the following account. They are two trunks of nnarble 

 hung round with fpoils; one of them is covered with a fcaly 

 corfelet, with fhields and other military ornaments. Juft be- 

 fore it is fet a young man in the pofturc of a captive, with 

 his hands tied behind him ; and all round were winged 

 images of vitTiory. The other is fet out with the common 

 military garb ; having a ftiield of an unequal round, and 

 two helmets, one open and adorned with crefts, the other 

 clofe, without crefts. On the fame trophy is tlie Ihape of a 

 foldier's coat, with feveral other defigns, which, by reafon 

 of the decay of the marble, are not difcovered without 

 great difficulty. Thefe two trophies now adorn the front 

 of the Capitol. 



Trophies are likewife frequently exhibited on medals of 

 the emperors, ftruck on occafion of viftories ; wherein, ber 

 fides arms and fpoils, are frequently feen one or two captives 

 by the fides of the trophy. 



Trophies, M. Vaillant obferves, were, originally, nothing 

 but trunks of trees, which the viftor planted on the moil 

 eminent part of the conquered province, and hung them 

 with the fpoils of the enemy, to perpetuate the memory of 

 the defeat. 



Trophy, in Architedure, an ornament which reprefents 

 the trunk of a tree, charged or encompafled all round 

 about with arms or military weapons, both ofFenCvc and 

 defenfive. 



Troths -Money, a duty paid annually by the houfe- 

 keepers, in the feveral counties of England, towards pro- 

 viding harnefs, drums, colours, &c. for the militia. 



TROPIANA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Italy, in 

 Calabria. 



TROPICS, TttOPici, in AJironomy, two immoveable 

 circles of the fphere, drawn through the folftitial points, 

 parallel to the equator. 



Such are the circles M E and N L, Plate XVI. AJiro- 

 nomy, Jig. 140. 



The tropics may be defined, two circles parallel to the 

 equator, at fuch diftance from it, as is equal to the fun's 

 greateft reccfs from the equator towards the poles ; or to 

 the fun's greateft declination ; or the obliquity of the 

 echptic. 



Of the two tropics, that drawn through the beginning of 

 Cancer E, is called the tropic of Cancer. And that through 

 the beginning of Capricorn, the tropic of Capricorn. 



They have their name from the Greek i^a-'n, turn, con- 

 verjton; as being the limits of the fun's way, or declination 



towards 



