T R O 



tication. Thefe ftomachs are fometimes ferved up at table 

 in Ireland, under the name of gizzards. See on this fub- 

 jeft, Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixiv. parti, p. Ii6. 1 2 1. 310. 



Trouts are a very voracious fifti, and afford excellent di- 

 ▼erfion to the angler (fee Troul-YiamsG) : they fhift their 

 quarters to fpawn, and, like a falmon, make up towards the 

 heads of rivers to depofit their roes. The under jaw of the 

 trout is fubjeft, at certain times, to the fame curvature as 

 that of the falmon. 



Mr. Pennant has defcribed a fpecies that migrates out of 

 the fea into the river Efl<, in Cumberland, from July to 

 September, and called from its colour the luhitirig. When 

 dreffed, its flefh is red, and moft delicious eating. On their 

 flrft appearance from the falt-water, they have the falmon- 

 loufe adhering to them. They have both melt and fpawn, 

 but no fry has as yet been obferved. The Scots call this fifh 

 phinocs ; they never exceed a foot in length; the upper jaw 

 is a little longer than the lower ; in the firft are two rows of 

 teeth, in the laft one ; and on the tongue are fix teeth ; the 

 back is ftraight ; the whole body of an elegant form ; the 

 lateral line ftraight ; the colour between that and the top of 

 the back, duflcy and filvery intermixed, beneath the line of 

 an exquifite filvery whitenefs; firft dorfal fin fpotted with 

 black ; the tail black and much forked ; the firft dorfal fin 

 has eleven rays ; the petloral thirteen ; the ventral nine, and 

 anal nine. Pennant's Brit. Zool. vol. in. p. 302. 



Trout, Salmon. See Salmo Trutta. 



"T ROUT -Fi/hifig. See 7Vo«/-Fishing. 



liROlST-Coloured. A horfe is faid to be of this colour, 

 when he is white, and fpecklcd with fpots of black, bay, or 

 forrel; efpecially about the head and neck. 



Trout Creek, in Geography, a fouthern branch of Sal- 

 mon creek, in Franklin county. New York, on which are 

 mills in Ezraville, Dickinfon, and Conftable. 



TROUTBECK, a river of England, in Weftmoreland, 

 which runs into the Eden, 3 miles below Appleby. 



TROW, a kind of boat, fometimes with fquare and 

 upright head and ftern. 



TROWBRIDGE, in Geography, a confiderable market 

 and manufafturing town in the hundred of Melkfham and 

 county of Wilts, England ; is fituatcd at the diftance of 28 miles 

 N.W. fnom Salifbury, and 98 miles W. by S. from London. 

 Neither the etymolegy of its name, nor the periodof itsorigin, 

 can be afcertained witli accuracy ; but as it is not mentioned 

 in Domefday book, we may conclude that it had noexfftence 

 when that work was compiled. The earlieft notice of it in 

 hiftory occurs in the reign of king Stephen, about the year 

 1 1 50, when it appears that Trowbridge caftle was occupied 

 by the partifans of the emprefs Maud^ and was befieged and 

 taken by Stephen ; but whether there was any town at that 

 era does not appear. It is certain, however, that the lordlhip 

 of Trowbridge formed part of the eflates of Henry, duke of 

 Lancafter, whofe daugliter Blanche married John of Gaunt, 

 fon of Edward III. When Lancafter was conftituted a 

 county-palatine, this manor, as part of the duke's pro- 

 perty, was recognized in tlie charters as one of the honors 

 attached to it : and here it is probable the court of chancery 

 for the duchy was held, as the rents for the fame are paid at 

 Trowbridge to this day. As the entire duchy of Lancafter 

 was veftcd in the king in the reign of Henry VH., this town, 

 as belonging thereto, became a royal demefne. In the next 

 reign it was granted to Edward, earl of Hereford, after- 

 wards duke of Somerfet, at whofe attainder it again reverted 

 to the crown. It was rcftored to his fon by queen Eliza- 

 beth, and continued the property of his collateral dcfcendants 

 till the reign of Charles I., when lir Francis Seymour was 

 created baron Seymour of Trowbridge. It afterwards paffcd 



Vol. XXXVI. 



T R O 



to the family of Manners, by the marriage of lady Frances 

 Seymour with John, marquis of Granby ; and from him de- 

 fcended to the prefent duke of Rutland, who fold it in i8oy 

 to Thomas Timbrell, efq. 



Like the generality of manufaAuring towns, Trowbrido-c 

 is very irregularly built. None of the ftreets feem to have 

 been formed on any regular plan, but have been conftruft- 

 ed according as private intereil or convenience fuggefted. 

 Hence, though there are feveral handfome houfes in the 

 town, yet they appear to difadvantage from the narrow- 

 nefs of the ftreets, and the intermixture of old and mean 

 buildings. The extent and importance of Trowbridge may 

 be beft determined by the parliamentary report of 1 8 1 1 , 

 by which it appears to have then contained 1 170 houfes, 

 and 6075 inhabitants. Of the latter, the greater part was 

 engaged in the woollen manufacture, which was firft efta- 

 bhfhed here in the early part of the reign of Henry VIII. Lc- 

 land, who hved in that reign, gives the following account of 

 this town. " From Bradeforde to Thorough-bridge, about a 

 two mile by good corne, pafture, and wood, I enterid into the 

 towne by a (tone bridge of three arches. The towne ftand- 

 ith on a rokky hille, and is very well buildyd of ftonc, and 

 fioriftieth by drapery. Of later tymes, one James Terumber, 

 a very rich clothier, buildcd a notable faire houfe in this 

 town, and gave it at his deth, with other landes, to the find- 

 ing of two Cantuaric preftes yn Thorough-bridge chirch. 

 This Terumber made alfo alitlc almofe-honfe by Thorough- 

 bridge chirch, and yn it be a fix poore folkes, having a three- 

 pence by the week towards their finding. Horton, a clothiar 

 of Bradeforde, builded of late dayes dy vers fine houfes in this 

 town. Old BayUie buildyd of late in this town ; he was a 

 rich clothiar ; Baillie's fun now drapeth yn the town, and 

 alfo a two miles out of it, at a place yn the way to Farley 

 caftel. One Alexandre is now a great clothiar in the towne." 

 The cloths now principally manufactured here are fupcrfine 

 broad-cloths and kerfeymeres : the weekly produce is etti- 

 raated at ninety pieces of the former, and four hundred and 

 ninety pieces of the latter. Trowbridge not being incorpo- 

 rated, its government is vcfted in the county magiftrates, who 

 hold the petty felTions for the Trowbridge divifion of the 

 hundred alternately here and at Bradford. A court -leet and 

 a court-baron are alfo annually held ; in the former the con- 

 ftables,tything-men, and cornets of the market are appointed. 

 The duty of the laft-mentioned officers is to infpeft the pro- 

 vifions brought to the market, and to fee that the weights and 

 meafures accord with the proper ftandards. The market-day 

 is Saturday ; and a fair is held annually, at which confider- 

 able quantities of woollen goods, cattle, chccfe, &c. are fold. 

 In the market-place formerly ilood a ftone crofs, which was 

 taken down towards tlie end of the laft century, on the pre- 

 tence of its obftrutling the communication of the High- 

 ftreet, and injuring its appearance. It is thus noticed by 

 Leland : " There is a fair ftanding place for market-men to 

 ftand yn, in the harte of the townc.and this is made viij fquare, 

 and a pillar in the midle, as there is one made in Malmeftiyri 

 far fairer than this." The church of Trowbridge, though 

 upwards of four hundred years old, is ftill charafterifed by 

 the appellation of N'eiv C/iur-h, which implies that another 

 muft have previoudy exiftcd here. By whom the new ftnic- 

 ture was raifcd is not diftindlly recorded ; but it appears 

 probable, that a great part of the expence was incurred by 

 James Terumber, the rich clothier mentioned by Leland, 

 and the remainder by other benevolent individuals conneftcd 

 with the town. This opinion is founded on the contents of 

 a deed of feoffment by Terumber, dated .January 11, 1483, 

 .ind prcferved in the vertry-room ; by which he dircfts that, 

 out of his cftatcs therein enumerated, ten mai-ks fhould be 

 U u paid 



