T R O 



■ — Native of the banks of the MiflTouri. Biennial, with 

 bright-yellow flowers. Purjh. Dr. Sims fays perennial. 

 — The original fpecimen was fent by Clayton from Vir- 

 ginia, in 1734, to Gronovius, who communicated it to Lin- 

 naeus, infcribed " Dandelion with undivided leaves." Hence 

 the latter took his fpecific name, the meaning of which he 

 probably did not inveftigate, and he might perhaps call it 

 Dandelion ! The name is, at any rate, as bad as can pof- 

 ilbly be, and we are happy in getting rid of it, by difcover- 

 ing the plant to be Mr. Purlh's firil fpecies of Troximon. 

 Of this indeed neither this author, r.or any one elfe, was 

 aware ; but though we have feen no fpecimen from Mr. 

 Purlh, his fpecific charafter leaves no doubt in our mind, 

 and Gartner originally fuggefted that this Linnaean Trago- 

 pogon was a Troximon. The leaves are radical, glaucous, 

 verv fmooth, even, quite entire, four or five inches long, 

 taper-pointed, with a iolitary mid-rib, and fome flight longi- 

 tudinal veins. Flcu'er-flalts half as long in our tpecimen, 

 but they probably are incomplete ; Gronovius fays twice 

 as long ; they are fimple, clothed in the upper part with 

 prominent, tawny, glandular bridles, moft crowded juft 

 under the jloiuer, which is yellow, above an inch wide. 

 Calyx fmooth and glaucous, fliorter than the corolla, its 

 leaves folding over one another as defcribed in our generic 

 charafter, but of equal length, not truly imbricated. The 

 point of each is pale, a little dilated and membranous, or, 

 as Purlh fays, cufpidate. Seed-down feffile and rough, not 

 feathery. Gronovius rightly noted this circumftaiice. We 

 can fcarcely doubt the figure in Curtis's Magazine being 

 our plant, though a larger fpecimen. The roughnefs of the 

 iiower-flalk indeed is wanting, and the points of the calyx 

 not fhewn. 



2. T. lanatum. Woolly Troximon. (Tragopogon lanatus ; 

 Linn. Sp. PI. nil. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 1495. Leontodon 

 lanatum ; Linn. Am. Acad. v. 4. 287 ; e.Kcluding the reference 

 !o Rauwolf, 1 17, not 217, which rather belongs to ScORZO- 

 KERA tuberofa; fee that article, n. 12.) — Leaves linear-lanceo- 

 late, undulated, clothed with fhaggy hairs, as well as the radical 

 flower -ilalks and calyx. — Native of Paleftine, from whence, if 

 we miftake not, the Linnacan fpecimen was brought by Haffel- 

 quift. The root has a perennial afpeft, its crown bearing 

 feveral tufts of upright, narrow, (heathing leaves, three or 

 four inches long, confiderably undulated, entire, loofely 

 clothed, on both fides, with long, foft, Ihaggy, woolly, or 

 rather filky, hairs : the bafes of the outer ones pale, dilated, 

 membranous and fmooth. Floiver-Jlalks radical, folitary 

 from the centre of each tuft of leaves, and rather exceeding 

 them in height, angular, covered with fimilar hairs to thofe 

 ■of the foliage. Flowcr.t folitary, ereft, yellow, nearly the 

 fize of the latt, but with {ew^rforets. Calyx hardly fo long 

 as the corolla, very (haggy at the bafe, its leaves eight or ten, 

 in two rows, lanceolate, equal, (Iraight, hairy, fomewhat 

 membranous at the edges. We can juft perceive, in the 

 flowers, that the feed-down is fimple and rough. Gaertncr 

 has indicated the true genus of this fpecies, as well as of the 

 foregoing. It appears nearly related to Scorxonera tuberofa, 

 a plant we have never feen ; but whofe pubefcence is not 



defcribed as at all like that before us ; and the recurved or 

 r^volute points of its calyx-fcnles, which moreover are un- 

 equal, and truly imbricated, in Pallas's figure, remove all 



ambiguity. 



3. T. virginicum. Virginian .Branching Troximon. 



Purfh n. 2. (Tragopogon virginicum ; Linn. Sp. PI. 



nil. Hyoferis prenanthoides ; Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 1615. 



H. amplexicaulis ; Michaux Boreal. -Amer. v. 2. 87.) — 



Smocth and glaucous. Stems ereft, fomewhat leafy, with 



feveral flowers In meadows and raoift. fliady woods, from 



T 11 O 



Pennfylvania to Carolina, flowering in July and Augufl. 

 Root perennial. Herb about a foot high, with handfomc 

 yellow Jiowers. Purfi. The radical leava are either ob- 

 ovate or lyrate, obtufe, wavy or toothed, tapering down 

 into (heathing membranous footjlalhs, together with which 

 they meafure about four inches ; thofe of the ftem few, 

 ovate-oblong, feffile, flieathing, the uppcrmofl; diminilhed to 

 one or two brafleas, at the bafe of the long partial Jloiuer- 

 Jlalks, three or four of which together compofe a fort of 

 umbel Flowers ereft. Calyx of eight or ten glaucous 

 fmooth leaves, half an inch in length. Florets twice as long, 

 not very numerous. Seeds few, fmooth. Receptacle fmall, 

 dotted, naked — Specimens from Kalm and others from the 

 late Dr. Muhlenberg differ widely in their foliage, that of 

 the former being deeply lyrate, the latter fcarcely toothed ; 

 yet the plants are fo alike in other refpefts, that we cannot, 

 without further information, diftinguiih them as fpecies. 



4. T. cufpidatum. Pointed-fcaled Troximon. Pur(h 742. 

 " Stalk radical, fingle-flowered ; rather downy in the upper 

 part. Leaves linear, downy and wavy in the margin. Caivx- 

 fcales imbricated, pointed, fmooth." — Found by Mr. Brad- 

 bury, in Upper Louifiana. Perennial. Flowers large, yel- 

 low. Refembles T. glaucum. Purfh. By the fpecific 

 charafter, we (hould be inclined to fufpeft tiiis might be the 

 Leontodon Dandelion of Linnaeus, our firft fpecies of Troxi- 

 mon, were not the fize of the flowers againft it. 



TROY, or Ilium, \i\ Ancient Geography, ii city of Troas, or 

 Phrygia Minor (which fee), rendered immortal by the inimit- 

 able poems of Homer and Virgil, was built by Tros, king of 

 that country, who called it Troy from his own name, arid 

 Ilium from that of his fon Ilus. It w.as feated on a rifing 

 ground near mount Ida, and about five miles from the fliore. 

 Of this city, there fubfifted fcarcely any remains in the time 

 of Strabo ; and moft of the ancient as well as modern writers 

 have confounded the old and new Iliusi. The new city, built 

 nearer the fea-coaft, was reduced to a village in the time of 

 Alexander the Great, and was remarkable for nothing but a 

 temple of Minerva, which that prince vifited, after having 

 defeated Darius on the banks of the Granicus, and enriched 

 with offiirings, bcftowing ample privileges on the place, .^nd 

 honouring it with the title of city. He likcwife ordered the 

 buildings to be repaired, and the whole city to be embeliiihcd 

 by Lyfimachus, one of his generals, who furrounded it with 

 a wall of forty furlongs in circumference. It was again 

 reduced to the condition of an inconilderable village, when 

 the Romans firft entered Afia. As they pretended to be 

 the genuine offspring of the ancient Trojans, no coft nor 

 pains were fparcd to reftorc it to its ancient luftre, cfpecially 

 in the time of the Caefars. Auguftus fcnl thither a colony, 

 embeUilhed the city with many ftatcly buildings, and en- 

 riched it with ample privileges and exemptions. Bellonius 

 tells us, that in his time the walls were yet ftanding, with 

 the ruinous monuments of their turrets ; and that he fpent 

 four hours in compaffing them, partly on horfeback and 

 partly on foot. He obferved round the walls a great many 

 marble tombs of exquifitc workmanfli'p, with their covers 

 entire. Two of thcfe were ftill remaining when M. Spon 

 vifited thofe places ; who informs us, that they were in thf 

 ftyle of the ancient Romans, and not unlike thofe that are to 

 be feen at Aries ; whence he concludes them to be the remains 

 of that Troy which was rebuilt by the Romans. Bellonius 

 hkewife obferved the ruins of three great towers, one on 

 the top of a hill not far from the ftiore, another about the 

 middle, and the third at the bottom, with a great many large 

 cifterns to receive the rain-water. Spon obferved on the 

 fouth of the haven three columns lying among the briars, 

 of which two were entire, and each of one fingle piece, being 

 U u 2 thirty 



