T R U 



T R U 



ofSciating at fome chapels of cafe ; as Stoke and Dockley, 

 within that parifli. 



Trug is alfo a country word for a milk -tray, or hod to 

 carry mortar in. 



TRUHTCHEVSK, in Geography, a tov.-n of Ruffia, 

 in the government of Orel, OB the Defna ; 80 miles W.S.W. 

 of Orel. N. lat. 52° 35'. E. long. 33° 34'. 



TRULLIZATION, in the indent Architedure, the 

 art of laying on ilrata or layers of mortar, gypfum, or the 

 like, with the trowel, in the infide of vaults, ceilings, &c. 



TRULLO, in Geography, a fmall ifland on the eaft fide 

 of the gulf of Bothnia. N. lat. 63° 54'. E. long. 23°. 



TRULLUM, a barbarous word, formed from trullci, 

 cap, and fignifying dome ; chiefly ufed in the phrafe, council 

 in iruUo. 



This was a council afTembled, in the year 692, againft the 

 Monothehtes, in the dome of the palace of Conllantinople, 

 called truHiim ; the name of which it has retained. It was 

 alfo called the quinlfextum. 



The trullum was properly a hall in the palace of the 

 emperors of Conilantinople, where they ufually confulted 

 of matters of ftate. This council, held In truUo, was the 

 fixth oecumenical or general council. 



TRUMAU, in Geography, a town of Auftria ; 5 miles 

 E. of Baden. 



TRUMBULL, a county of the dillrid of Ohio, 

 bordering on lake Erie, and containing 19 townfhips and 



8671 inhabitants Alfo, a poft-townof Connecticut, in the 



county of Fairfield, containing 1241 inhabitants; 165 miles 

 N.E. of Philadelphia. 



TRUMENAU, a town of Pruflia, in Oberland ; 16 

 miles S.E. of Maricnwerder. 



TRUMIAN, a town of Hindooftan, in Marawar ; 40 

 miles S.W. of Tanjore. N. lat. 10° 15'. E. long. 



78° 45'- 



TRUMPE, in Ichthyology, a name given by fome of the 

 Englifh writers to that fpecies of whale, called by the gene- 

 rahty of authors cete, and balnna major. This is the phy/etcr 

 microps of Linnaus, or blunt-headed cachalot. The Dutch 

 call it the'pot -whale fi(h. 



TRUMPET, a mufical inftrument, the moil noble of 

 all portable ones of the wind-kind ; ufed chiefly in war, 

 among the cavalry, to direft them in the fervice. Each 

 troop of cavalry has one. The cords of the trumpet are 

 of crimfon, mixed with the colours of the facings of the 

 regiment. 



The word is formed from the French trompeiie. Menage 

 derives it from the Greek rp^/-t?o!, turbo, a (hell anciently ufed 

 for a trumpet. Du-Cange derrves it from the corrupt Latin 

 trumpa, or the Italian tromba, or frombetta ; others from the 

 Celtic irompill, which fignifies the fame. It is ufually made 

 of brafs, lometimes of filver, iron, tin, and even wood. 

 Mofes, we read, made two of filver, to be ufed by the 

 priefts (Numb, x.) ; and Solomon made two hundred like 

 thofe of Mofes, as we are informed bv Jofephus (lib. viii. 1; 

 which fhews abundantly the antiquity of that inftrument. 



As to the invention of the trumpet, fome Greek hiftorians 

 afcribe it to th.e Tyrrhenians ; but others, with greater pro- 

 bability, to the Egyptians, from whom it might have been 

 tranfmitted to the Ifraelites. The trumpet was not in ufe 

 among the Greeks at the time of the Trojan war ; though 

 it was in common ufe in the time of Homer. According to 

 Potter (Arch. Grasc. vol. ii. cap. 9.), before the invention 

 of trumpets, the firft fignals-of battle in primitive wars were 

 lighted torches ; to thefe fucceeded (hells of fifhes, which 

 were founded like trumpets. And when the trumpet be- 

 came common in railiiary ufe, it may well be imagined 

 I 



to have ferved at firft only as a rough and noify fignal 

 of battle, like that at prefent in Abyflinia and New 

 Zealand, and perhaps \vith only one found. But even when 

 more notes were produced from it, fo noify an inftrument 

 muft have been an unfit accompaniment for the voice and 

 poetry ; fo that it is probable the trumpet was the firft folo 

 inftrument in ufe among the ancients. 



In the 96th Olympiad, before Chrift 396, a prize was 

 inttituted at the Olympic games for the beft performer 

 on the trumpet ; and the firft perfon who gained the priz^ 

 was Timjeus of Elis ; and Herodotus of Megara, a famous 

 trumpeter, who lived about the 120th Olympiad, or 300 

 years before Chrift, was viftor at the different games of 

 Greece no lefs than ten, or, as fome fay, fifteen feveral 

 times. Thefe performers on the trumpet appear to liave 

 been heralds and public criers, who not only gave the fig- 

 nals at the games for the combatants to engage, and an- 

 nounced their fuccefs, but proclaimed peace and war, and 

 founded fignals of facrifice and filence, at religious cere- 

 monies. Burnev's Hift. of Muf. vol. i. p. 376. 



Among the Romans, there vi'ere various inftruments of 

 the trumpet kind ; as the tuba, cornua, buccina, and lltuus. 

 The tuba is fuppofed to have been exactly like our trumpet, 

 widening gradually in a direct line to the orifice ; the cornua 

 was bended almoil round ; and the buccina was fomewhat 

 lefs ; the lituus, which was almoft ftraight, but crooked at 

 the extremity, in the form of the augural ftaff^, whence its 

 name, was a fpecies of clarion, or oftave trumpet, made of 

 metal, and extremely loud and fhrill, ufed for horfe, as the 

 ftraight trumpet was for foot. Horace diftingui(hes it from 

 the tuba or trumpet. See LlTUUS. 



The tuba, or long trumpet, called by the Hebrews the 

 trumpet of the jub'ihe, may be feen in feveral pieces of ancient 

 fculpture at Rome, particularly on the arch of Titus, on 

 Trajan's pillar, and in a baflb-relievo at the Capitol, repre- 

 fenting the triumph of Marcus Aurelius. 



The modem trumpet confifts of a mouth-piece, near an 

 inch broad, though the bottom be only one-third fo much. 

 The pieces which convey the wind are called the branches ; 

 the two places where it is bent, potences ; and the canal be- 

 tween the fecond bend and the extremity, the pavilion : the 

 places where the branches take afunder, or are foldered, the 

 knots ; which are five in number, and cover the joints. 



If an elhpfis (fays Dr. Young, Ledture xxxi.) be pro- 

 longed without limit, it wiU become a parabola : hence a 

 parabola is the proper form of the feftion of a tube, cal- 

 culated for collefting a found which proceeds from a great 

 diftance, into a fingle point, or for carrying a found nearly 

 in parallel directions to a very diftant place. It appears, 

 therefore, that a parabohc conoid is the beft form for a 

 hearing-trumpet, and for a fpeaking-trumpet ; but for both 

 purpofes the parabola ought to be much elongated, and to 

 confift of a portion of the conoid remote from the vertex ; 

 for it is requifite, in order to avoid confufion, that the 

 found (hould enter the ear in directions confined within 

 certain limits : the voice proceeds alfo from the mouth 

 without any very confiderable divergence, fo that the parts 

 of the curve behind the focus would in both cafes be 

 wholly ufelefs. A trumpet of fuch a (hape does not very 

 materially differ from a part of a cone ; and conical inftru- 

 ments are found to anfwer fufficiently well for pradtice. It 

 appears, however, unneceffary to fuppofe, as Mr. Lambert 

 has done, that they differ effentially in principle from para- 

 bolic trumpets. It is not yet perfectly decided whether 

 or not a fpeaking-trumpet has any immediate effett in 

 ftrengthcning the voice, independently of the refledtion of 

 found. 



When 



